Cerebral hypoxia

Cerebral hypoxia imachitika pakakhala kuti mpweya wochepa sungafike kuubongo. Ubongo umafunikira mpweya wabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi nthawi zonse kuti zizigwira ntchito.

Cerebral hypoxia imakhudza mbali zazikulu kwambiri za ubongo, zotchedwa cerebral hemispheres. Komabe, mawuwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino muubongo wonse.

Mu ubongo wa hypoxia, nthawi zina mpweya wokhawo wa oxygen umasokonezedwa. Izi zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Kupuma utsi (kupuma utsi), monga pamoto
• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide
• Kutsamwa
• Matenda omwe amalepheretsa kuyenda (ziwalo) za minofu yopuma, monga amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Malo okwera kwambiri
• Kupanikizika pa (kupanikizika) kwa windpipe (trachea)
• Kusokonekera

Nthawi zina, oxygen ndi chakudya chimayimitsidwa, chifukwa cha:

• Kumangidwa kwamtima (mtima ukaleka kupopa)
• Mtima arrhythmia (mtima mungoli mavuto)
• Zovuta za anesthesia wamba
• Kumira
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kuvulala kwa mwana wakhanda yemwe adachitika asanabadwe, atabadwa, kapena atangobadwa kumene, monga ubongo wa ziwalo
• Sitiroko
• Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi

Maselo aubongo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusowa kwa mpweya. Maselo ena amubongo amayamba kufa pasanathe mphindi 5 mpweya wawo utatha. Zotsatira zake, bongo hypoxia imatha kuwononga kwambiri ubongo kapena kufa.

Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa ubongo ndi:

• Sinthani chidwi (kusasamala)
• Kusazindikira bwino
• Kusagwirizana kosagwirizana

Zizindikiro za vuto lalikulu la ubongo ndi izi:

• Kusazindikira kwathunthu ndi kusamvera (chikomokere)
• Palibe kupuma
• Palibe yankho la ana a diso pakuwala

Cerebral hypoxia nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka kutengera mbiri ya zamankhwala ya munthu komanso kuwunika kwakuthupi. Mayeso amachitika kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa hypoxia, ndipo atha kuphatikizira:

• Angiogram yaubongo
• Kuyezetsa magazi, kuphatikiza magazi am'magazi ochepa komanso magulu amwazi wamagazi
• Kujambula kwa CT pamutu
• Echocardiogram, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ultrasound kuwona mtima
• Electrocardiogram (ECG), muyeso wamagetsi amtima
• Electroencephalogram (EEG), kuyesa kwa mafunde aubongo omwe amatha kuzindikira kukomoka ndikuwonetsa momwe ma cell amubongo amagwirira ntchito
• Kutulutsa kuthekera, kuyesa komwe kumatsimikizira ngati kumverera kwina, monga masomphenya ndi kukhudza, kumafika kuubongo
• Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI) pamutu

Ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mtima kungatsalire, ubongo ukhoza kufa.

Cerebral hypoxia ndi vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe limafunika kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo. Oxygen ikangobwereranso kuubongo, zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha ubongo komanso kufa.

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha hypoxia. Thandizo lofunikira pamoyo ndilofunika kwambiri. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo:

• Kuthandiza kupuma (makina othandizira mpweya) ndi mpweya
• Kulamulira kugunda kwa mtima ndi mayimbidwe
• Zamadzimadzi, zopangira magazi, kapena mankhwala okweza kuthamanga kwa magazi ngati ndi ochepa
• Mankhwala kapena mankhwala opha ululu othetsa khunyu

Nthawi zina munthu yemwe ali ndi ubongo wa hypoxia amaziziritsa kuti achepetse ntchito yama cell amubongo ndikuchepetsa kufunika kwake kwa mpweya. Komabe, phindu la mankhwalawa silinakhazikitsidwe.

Maganizo ake amatengera kukula kwa kuvulala kwaubongo. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa ubongo wopanda mpweya, komanso ngati zakudya zamaubongo zidakhudzidwanso.

Ngati ubongo unasowa mpweya kwa kanthawi kochepa chabe, chikomokere chimatha kusinthidwa ndipo munthuyo amatha kubwerera kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Anthu ena amachira ntchito zambiri, koma amakhala ndi mayendedwe achilendo, monga kugwedeza kapena kugwedezeka, kotchedwa myoclonus. Nthawi zina kugwidwa kumatha kuchitika, ndipo kumatha kupitilirabe (mawonekedwe a khunyu).

Anthu ambiri omwe amachira kwathunthu samangodziwa pang'ono. Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe munthu sakudziwa kanthu, kumawonjezera kufa kapena kufa kwaubongo, komanso kumachepetsa mwayi wochira.

Zovuta za ubongo wa hypoxia zimaphatikizanso nyengo yotalika kwamasamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthuyo akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zofunika pamoyo wawo, monga kupuma, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugona tulo, ndi kutsegula maso, koma munthuyo sakhala tcheru ndipo samayankha zomwe zamuzungulira. Anthu oterewa amafa pasanathe chaka, ngakhale ena amatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali.

Kutalika kwa kupulumuka kumadalira pang'ono momwe chisamaliro chimatengedwa popewa mavuto ena. Zovuta zazikulu zingaphatikizepo:

• Zilonda za pabedi
• Makutu m'mitsempha (deep vein thrombosis)
• Matenda a m'mapapo (chibayo)
• Kusowa zakudya m'thupi

Cerebral hypoxia ndi vuto lazachipatala. Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati wina wataya chikumbumtima kapena ali ndi zizindikiro zina za ubongo wa hypoxia.

Kupewa kumatengera chifukwa chenicheni cha hypoxia. Tsoka ilo, hypoxia nthawi zambiri samayembekezera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti vutoli likhale lovuta kupewa.

Kubwezeretsa kwa mtima (CPR) kumatha kupulumutsa moyo, makamaka ukayambika nthawi yomweyo.

Hypoxic encephalopathy; Kusokonezeka kwa mankhwala

Wothawira JE, Wijdicks EFM. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 83.

Wolemba DM, Bernat JL. Coma, dziko lamasamba, komanso kufa kwaubongo. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 376.

Lumb AB, Thomas C. Hypoxia. Mu: Lumb AB, Thomas C, mkonzi. Nunn ndi Lumb's Applied Respiratory Physiology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 23.