Kupatukana nkhawa kwa ana

Kuda nkhawa kwakulekana mwa ana ndi gawo lokula lomwe mwana amakhala ndi nkhawa akapatukana ndi woyang'anira wamkulu (nthawi zambiri mayi).

Pamene makanda akukula, momwe akumvera ndi momwe amachitira ndi zinthu zowazungulira dziko zimawoneka ngati zikuchitika mwatsatanetsatane. Miyezi isanu ndi itatu isanakwane, makanda ndi atsopano kwambiri padziko lapansi mwakuti samazindikira zomwe zili zachilendo komanso zotetezeka komanso zomwe zingakhale zowopsa. Zotsatira zake, zosintha zatsopano kapena anthu akuwoneka kuti sawopseza.

Kuyambira miyezi 8 mpaka 14, ana nthawi zambiri amachita mantha akakumana ndi anthu atsopano kapena akachezera malo atsopano. Amazindikira makolo awo monga owazoloŵera ndi otetezereka. Akapatukana ndi makolo awo, amamva kukhala oopsa komanso osatetezeka.

Nkhawa yodzipatula ndi gawo labwinobwino pamene mwana akukula ndikukula. Zinathandiza kuti makolo athu akhale amoyo komanso zimathandiza ana kuphunzira momwe angadziwire dziko lowazungulira.

Nthawi zambiri zimatha mwana akazungulira zaka ziwiri. Pamsinkhu uwu, ana akuyamba kumvetsetsa kuti makolo atha kukhala osawoneka pano, koma abweranso nthawi ina. Zimakhalanso zachilendo kwa iwo kuyesa ufulu wawo.

Kuti athane ndi nkhawa yolekana, ana ayenera:

• Muzimva kuti ndinu otetezeka m'nyumba zawo.
• Khulupirirani anthu ena kupatula makolo awo.
• Khulupirirani kuti makolo awo abwerera.

Ngakhale ana atakwanitsa kudziwa izi, nkhawa yolekana imatha kubwerera munthawi yamavuto. Ana ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa yopatukana akakhala kuti sanazolowere, nthawi zambiri akapatukana ndi makolo awo.

Ana akakhala pamavuto (monga zipatala) ndipo atapanikizika (monga matenda kapena kuwawa), amafunafuna chitetezo, chitonthozo, ndi chitetezo cha makolo awo. Popeza nkhawa imatha kukulitsa ululu, kukhala ndi mwana momwe mungathere kumachepetsa kupweteka.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi nkhawa yodzipatula atha kukhala ndi izi:

• Mavuto owonjezera mukasiyanitsidwa ndi woyang'anira wamkulu
• Kulota maloto oipa
• Kuzengereza kupita kusukulu kapena malo ena chifukwa choopa kupatukana
• Kuchedwa kugona popanda woyang'anira wamkulu pafupi
• Madandaulo obwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza
• Kuda nkhawa ndi kutayika, kapena kuvulaza kubwera kwa woyang'anira wamkulu

Palibe mayeso a vutoli, chifukwa si zachilendo.

Ngati nkhawa yayikulu yakulekana ikupitilira zaka 2 zapitazi, kuchezeredwa ndi omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo kumatha kudziwa ngati mwanayo ali ndi vuto la nkhawa kapena vuto lina.

Palibe chithandizo chofunikira pakakhala nkhawa yodzipatula.

Makolo amatha kuthandiza khanda kapena mwana wawo kuti azolowere kupezeka mwa kulola osamalira odalirika kuti azisamalira mwanayo. Izi zimathandiza mwanayo kuphunzira kudalira komanso kulumikizana ndi achikulire ena ndikumvetsetsa kuti makolo awo abwerera.

Nthawi yachipatala, kholo liyenera kupita ndi mwana ngati zingatheke. Pamene kholo silingathe kupita ndi mwanayo, kuyalutsa mwanayo za nkhaniyi zisanakhale kothandiza, monga kupita ku ofesi ya dokotala asanamuyese.

Zipatala zina zili ndi akatswiri okhudzana ndi moyo wa ana omwe amatha kufotokozera njira ndi matenda kwa ana azaka zonse. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndipo akufuna chithandizo chamankhwala chowonjezera, funsani omwe akukuthandizani zamtunduwu.

Ngati sizingatheke kuti makolo azikhala ndi mwana, monga kuchitidwa opareshoni, fotokozerani zomwe zamuchitikira mwanayo. Mutsimikizireni mwana kuti kholo likudikirira, ndipo kuti.

Kwa ana okalamba omwe sanakhalepo ndi nkhawa yodzipatula, chithandizo chitha kukhala:

• Mankhwala oletsa nkhawa
• Kusintha kwa njira zolerera
• Uphungu kwa makolo ndi mwana

Chithandizo cha milandu yayikulu ingaphatikizepo:

• Maphunziro a banja
• Chithandizo cha banja
• Kulankhula chithandizo

Ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimasintha pambuyo pa zaka 2 ndi abwinobwino, ngakhale kuda nkhawa kumabweranso pambuyo pakupanikizika. Nkhawa zopatukana zikafika paunyamata, zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda amisala.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwana wanu ali ndi nkhawa yayikulu atakwanitsa zaka 2.

Tsamba la American Academy of Pediatrics. Momwe mungachepetse nkhawa zakupatukana kwa mwana wanu. www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/Pages/Soothing-Your-Childs-Separation-Anxiety.aspx. Idasinthidwa Novembala 21, 2015. Idapezeka pa June 12, 2020.

Carter RG, Feigelman S. Chaka chachiwiri. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 23.

Rosenberg DR, Chiriboga JA. Matenda nkhawa. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 38.