Chiwawa cha kugonana

Nkhanza zogonana ndizochitika zilizonse zogonana kapena kukhudzana komwe kumachitika popanda chilolezo chanu. Zitha kuphatikizira kukakamizidwa mwamphamvu kapena kuwopsezedwa. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa chokakamizidwa kapena kuwopsezedwa. Ngati mwachitidwapo zachiwerewere, sikulakwa kwanu. Chiwawa cha kugonana ndi ayi vuto la wozunzidwayo.

Kugwiriridwa, kuzunzidwa, kugonana pachibale, ndi kugwiriridwa ndi mitundu yonse yazachiwawa. Chiwawa cha kugonana ndi vuto lalikulu lathanzi. Zimakhudza anthu onse:

• Zaka
• Gender
• Zogonana
• Mtundu
• Maluso aluntha
• Gulu lazachuma

Nkhanza zakugonana zimachitika kawirikawiri mwa amayi, koma amuna nawonso amakhala ozunzidwa. Pafupifupi 1 mwa amayi 5 ndi 1 mwa amuna 71 ku United States adachitidwapo zachipongwe (kapena kulowa mkati) mokakamizidwa. Komabe, nkhanza zogonana sizimangokhudza kugwiriridwa.

Nkhanza zogonana nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi amuna. Nthawi zambiri munthu amene wovutikayo amamudziwa. Wochita zachiwerewere (munthu wovutitsa wina akhoza kukhala:

• Mnzanu
• Wogwira naye ntchito
• Mnansi
• Mnzanu wapamtima kapena wokwatirana naye
• Wachibale
• Munthu yemwe ali ndiudindo kapena mphamvu m'moyo wovutitsidwayo

Malingaliro amilandu yokhudza nkhanza zakugonana kapena nkhanza zakugonana zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mayiko. Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nkhanza zogonana zimaphatikizapo izi:

• Kutsirizidwa kapena kuyesa kugwiriridwa. Kugwiriridwa kungakhale kumaliseche, kumatako, kapena pakamwa. Zitha kuphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la thupi kapena chinthu.
• Kukakamiza wozunzidwa kuti alowe mkati mwa wolakwira kapena munthu wina, kaya ayesedwe kapena akwaniritse.
• Kukakamiza wozunzidwa kuti agonjere kuti alowemo. Zokakamizazo zitha kuphatikizira kuwopseza kuti athetsa chibwenzi kapena kufalitsa mphekesera za yemwe wachitidwayo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molakwika kapena mphamvu.
• Kugonana kulikonse kosafunikira. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukhudza wovulalayo pachifuwa, kumaliseche, ntchafu yamkati, anus, matako, kapena kubuula pakhungu lopanda kanthu kapena kudzera pazovala.
• Kupangitsa wovutitsidwayo kukhudza wolakwayo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena kuwopseza.
• Kuzunzidwa kapena chilakolako chogonana chomwe sichikuphatikizapo kukhudza. Izi zikuphatikiza kutukwana kapena kugawana zolaula zosafunikira. Zitha kuchitika popanda wovutikayo kudziwa za izi.
• Zochita zachiwawa zachiwerewere zitha kuchitika chifukwa wozunzidwayo sangathe kuvomereza chifukwa chomwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugwiritsa ntchito moledzeretsa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo atha kukhala ofunitsitsa kapena osafuna. Mosasamala kanthu, wozunzidwayo alibe vuto.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kugonana komwe kunachitika kale sikukutanthauza kuvomereza. Kugonana kapena zochitika zilizonse, zakuthupi kapena zosafunikira, zimafuna kuti anthu onse azigwirizana nawo momasuka, momveka bwino, komanso mofunitsitsa.

Munthu sangapereke chilolezo ngati:

• Ali ochepera zaka zovomerezeka (zitha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mayiko)
• Khalani ndi vuto la m'maganizo kapena mwakuthupi
• Ali mtulo kapena wakomoka
• Waledzera kwambiri

NJIRA ZOTHANDIZA KULUMIKIZANA KWA ANTHU OSAKHALA

Ngati mukukakamizidwa kuchita zachiwerewere zomwe simukuzifuna, malangizo awa ochokera ku RAINN (Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network) atha kukuthandizani kuti mutuluke motere:

• Kumbukirani kuti si vuto lanu. Simukakamizidwa kuchita zinthu zomwe simukufuna kuchita. Yemwe akukukakamizani ali ndi udindo.
• Khulupirirani malingaliro anu. Ngati china chake sichikumveka kapena kukhala chabwino, khulupirirani izi.
• Ndikwabwino kupereka zifukwa kapena kunama kuti mutuluke. Musamve chisoni pochita izi. Mutha kunena kuti mumadwala mwadzidzidzi, muyenera kusamalira zadzidzidzi pabanja, kapena mukungofunika kupita kuchimbudzi. Ngati mungathe, itanani mnzanu.
• Fufuzani njira yopulumukira. Fufuzani chitseko chapafupi kapena zenera lomwe mungafikire mwachangu. Ngati anthu ali pafupi, ganizirani momwe mungapangire chidwi chawo. Ganizirani komwe mungapite. Chitani zomwe mungathe kuti mukhale otetezeka.
• Konzani patsogolo kuti mukhale ndi mawu apadera ndi mnzanu kapena abale anu. Ndiye mutha kuwaimbira foni ndikunena mawu achinsinsi kapena chiganizo ngati muli mumkhalidwe womwe simukufuna kukhala nawo.

Ziribe kanthu zomwe zimachitika, palibe chomwe mudachita kapena kunena chomwe chidayambitsa zachiwawa. Ziribe kanthu zomwe mumavala, kumwa, kapena kuchita - ngakhale mutakhala mukukopana kapena kupsompsona - silolakwa lanu. Khalidwe lanu musanachitike, mkati, kapena pambuyo poti chochitikacho sichimasintha chenicheni chakuti wolakwayo ndi wolakwa.

KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO KUGONANA KWACHITIKA

Pitani ku chitetezo. Ngati mwagwiriridwa, yesetsani kupita kumalo otetezeka mwamsanga momwe mungathere. Ngati muli pangozi yomweyo kapena mwavulala kwambiri, itanani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi.

Pezani thandizo. Mukakhala otetezeka, mutha kupeza zinthu zakomweko kwa omwe achitiridwa nkhanza poyimbira foni ya National Sexual Assault pa 800-6565-HOPE (4673). Ngati mwagwiriridwa, telefoniyo ikhoza kukugwirizanitsani ndi zipatala omwe ali ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa kugwira ntchito ndi omwe amachitiridwa zachipongwe ndikusonkhanitsa umboni. Hotline itha kutumiza wothandizira kuti akuthandizeni munthawi yovutayi. Muthanso kuthandizidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi momwe mungamanikirire mlanduwu, mukaganiza.

Pezani chithandizo chamankhwala. Ndibwino kupita kuchipatala kukayang'ana ndikuchiza kuvulala kulikonse. Zingakhale zovuta, koma yesetsani kusamba, kusamba, kusamba m'manja, kudula zikhadabo, kusintha zovala, kapena kutsuka mano musanalandire chithandizo chamankhwala. Mwanjira imeneyi, muli ndi mwayi wosankha umboni.

CHITHANDIZO PAMBUYO POKHUDZANA

Kuchipatala, omwe amakupatsani zaumoyo adzakufotokozerani mayeso ndi chithandizo chomwe chingachitike. Afotokoza zomwe zichitike komanso chifukwa chake. Mudzafunsidwa kuti muvomereze musanayesedwe kapena kuyesa.

Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala atha kukambirana zakusankhidwa kochitidwa namwino wophunzitsidwa bwino. Mutha kusankha ngati muli ndi mayeso. Mukatero, idzatenga DNA ndi maumboni ena ngati mungaganize zonena za mlanduwu. Nazi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira:

• Ngakhale mutagwira ntchito ndi namwino wophunzitsidwa, mayeserowo akhoza kukhala ovuta kupyola pambuyo povutitsidwa.
• Simuyenera kuchita mayeso. Ndi chisankho chanu.
• Kukhala ndi umboniwu kumatha kuchititsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira ndikutsutsa wolakwayo.
• Kuyesedwa sikukutanthauza kuti muyenera kukanikiza milandu. Mutha kukhala ndi mayeso ngakhale simukakamiza milandu. Simufunikanso kusankha kukayimba milandu nthawi yomweyo.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwalandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, onetsetsani kuti mumauza omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti athe kukuyesani nthawi yomweyo.

Omwe akukuthandizani amathanso kukambirana nanu za:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera zadzidzidzi ngati mudagwiriridwa ndipo pali mwayi woti mungakhale ndi pakati chifukwa chogwiriridwa.
• Momwe mungachepetsere kutenga kachirombo ka HIV ngati wogwiriridwayo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo mankhwala omwe amachiza HIV. Njirayi imatchedwa post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
• Kuyezetsa ndi kulandira chithandizo cha matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, ngati kuli kofunikira. Chithandizochi chimatanthauza kumwa maantibayotiki kuti muchepetse matenda. Dziwani kuti nthawi zina othandizira angakulimbikitseni kuti musayesedwe panthawiyo ngati pali nkhawa kuti zotsatirazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana nanu.

KUDZISAMALIRA MWACHIKHALIDWE PAKUGWIRIZANA NDI ANTHU

Mutagwiriridwa, mutha kukhala osokonezeka, okwiya, kapena othedwa nzeru. Ndi zachilendo kuchita m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Mkwiyo kapena udani
• Kusokonezeka
• Kulira kapena kumva dzanzi
• Mantha
• Simungathe kudziletsa
• Mantha
• Kuseka nthawi zosamvetseka
• Osadya kapena kugona bwino
• Kuopa kutaya mphamvu
• Kusiya achibale kapena abwenzi

Mitundu iyi yamalingaliro ndi zochita zake ndi zachilendo. Maganizo anu amathanso kusintha pakapita nthawi. Izinso ndi zachilendo.

Tengani nthawi yopuma kuti mudzichiritse nokha.

• Dzisamalireni nokha pochita zinthu zomwe zimakulimbikitsani, monga kucheza ndi mnzanu wodalirika kapena kukhala kunja kwa chilengedwe.
• Yesetsani kudzisamalira nokha mwa kudya zakudya zabwino zomwe mumakonda ndikukhala achangu.
• Komanso ndibwino kuti mupumule ndikuletsa mapulani ngati mungafunike kukhala nokha.

Kuti athetse malingaliro okhudzana ndi mwambowu, ambiri adzawona kuti kugawana zakumaloko ndi mlangizi wophunzitsidwa bwino ndikopindulitsa. Sikukuvomereza kufooka kufunafuna thandizo polimbana ndi malingaliro amphamvu omwe amadza chifukwa chophwanya lamulo. Kulankhula ndi mlangizi kungakuthandizeninso kuphunzira momwe mungathetsere kupsinjika ndikuthana ndi zomwe mwakumana nazo.

• Posankha wothandizira, yang'anani wina yemwe ali ndi luso logwira ntchito ndi omwe adapulumuka pa nkhanza zakugonana.
• Nambala Yowonetsa Kugonana Padziko Lonse ku 800-656-HOPE (4673) ikhoza kukugwirizanitsani ndi ntchito zothandizira, komwe mungapeze wothandizira mdera lanu.
• Muthanso kufunsa omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo kuti atumizidwe.
• Ngakhale zokumana nazo zanu zidachitika miyezi ingapo ngakhale zaka zapitazo, kuyankhula ndi wina kungakuthandizeni.

Kupulumuka ku nkhanza zakugonana kumatha kutenga nthawi. Palibe anthu awiri omwe ali ndiulendo wofanana kuti achire. Kumbukirani kudzichepetsera nokha pamene mukuchita izi. Koma muyenera kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti pakapita nthawi, mothandizidwa ndi anzanu odalirika komanso akatswiri azachipatala, mudzachira.

ZOTHANDIZA:

• Ofesi ya Ozunzidwa: www.ovc.gov/welcome.html
• RAINN (Kugwirira, Kuchitira Nkhanza & Incest National Network): www.rainn.org
• WomensHealth.gov: www.womenshealth.gov/relationship-and-safety

Kugonana ndi kugwiriridwa; Tsiku logwiriridwa; Kugwiriridwa; Kugwirira; Chiwawa chogonana; Chiwawa chogonana - pachibale

• Post-traumatic stress disorder

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Lipoti la Chidule cha National Partner Partner and Sexual Violence 2010. Novembala 2011. www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Kupewa zachiwawa: nkhanza zogonana. www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/sexualviolence/index.html. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 1, 2018. Idapezeka pa Julayi 10, 2018.

Cowley D, Lentz GM. Zokhudza mtima za matenda achikazi: kukhumudwa, nkhawa, kupsinjika kwamtsogolo, mavuto akudya, zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, odwala "ovuta", ogonana, kugwiririra, nkhanza zapabanja, komanso chisoni. Mu: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, olemba. Gynecology Yambiri. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 9.

Gambone JC. Achibale komanso nkhanza zapabanja, kugwiriridwa, kugwiriridwa. Mu: Wolowa mokuba NF, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 29.

Linden JA, Riviello RJ. Kugwiriridwa. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 58.

Ntchito Yogwirira Ntchito KA, Bolan GA; Malo Othandizira Kuletsa ndi Kupewa Matenda. Malangizo opatsirana pogonana, 2015. Malangizo a MMWR Rep. 2015; 64 (RR-03): 1-137. PMID: 26042815 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815. (Adasankhidwa)