Mbiri yachitukuko

Zochitika zachitukuko ndizo machitidwe kapena maluso athupi omwe amawoneka mwa makanda ndi ana akamakula ndikukula. Kugubuduzika, kukwawa, kuyenda, ndi kuyankhula zonse zimawoneka ngati zochitika zazikulu. Zochitika zazikulu ndizosiyana pamibadwo yonse.

Pali magawo osiyanasiyana omwe mwana amatha kukwaniritsa gawo lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, kuyenda kumatha kuyamba miyezi 8 mwa ana ena. Ena amayenda mochedwa miyezi 18 ndipo zimawonedwabe ngati zachilendo.

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe amayendera ana opita kuchipatala zaka zoyambirira ndikutsatira kukula kwa mwana wanu. Makolo ambiri amayang'aniranso zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu ngati muli ndi nkhawa zakukula kwa mwana wanu.

Kuyang'anitsitsa "mndandanda" kapena kalendala ya zochitika zokula kungasokoneze makolo ngati mwana wawo sakukula bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, zochitika zazikulu zitha kuthandiza kuzindikira mwana yemwe akufunika kuyang'aniridwa bwino. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ntchito zachitukuko zikangoyambitsidwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Zitsanzo zantchito zachitukuko zikuphatikiza: chithandizo chamalankhulidwe, chithandizo chazolimbitsa thupi, komanso sukulu yasukulu yachitukuko.

Pansipa pali mndandanda wazinthu zina zomwe mungaone ana akuchita pamisinkhu yosiyana. Awa sali malangizo oyenera. Pali magawo angapo abwinobwino ndi kapangidwe kachitukuko.

Khanda - kubadwa kwa chaka chimodzi

• Kutha kumwa chikho
• Kutha kukhala nokha, osathandizidwa
• Ziphuphu
• Kuwonetsa kumwetulira pagulu
• Amayamba dzino loyamba
• Amasewera chithunzithunzi-a-boo
• Amadzikoka mpaka kuyimirira
• Amadziyendetsa yekha
• Amati amayi ndi dada, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu moyenera
• Amamvetsetsa "AYI" ndipo ayimitsa zochitika poyankha
• Amayenda akugwira mipando kapena chithandizo china

Wamng'ono - 1 mpaka 3 zaka

• Wokhoza kudzidyetsa mwaukhondo, osataya pang'ono
• Ikhoza kujambula mzere (ikawonetsedwa)
• Kutha kuthamanga, kuyendetsa, ndikuyenda chammbuyo
• Kutha kunena dzina lomaliza ndi lomaliza
• Amatha kuyenda ndikukwera masitepe
• Iyamba kupalasa njinga zamoto
• Mutha kutchula zithunzi za zinthu wamba ndikuloza ziwalo za thupi
• Amadziveka okha ndi chithandizo chochepa chabe
• Amatsanzira zolankhula za ena, "amamveka" mawu momwemo
• Amaphunzira kugawana zoseweretsa (popanda malangizo achikulire)
• Amaphunzira kusinthana (ngati akuwongolera) akusewera ndi ana ena
• Ambuye akuyenda
• Imazindikira ndikuyika mitundu moyenera
• Amazindikira kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi
• Gwiritsani ntchito mawu ena ndikumvetsetsa malamulo osavuta
• Gwiritsani ntchito supuni kuti muzidyetsa nokha

Ophunzira kusukulu - zaka 3 mpaka 6

• Ikhoza kujambula bwalo ndi lalikulu
• Ikhoza kujambula manambala amitengo yokhala ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zitatu za anthu
• Ikhoza kudumpha
• Kusamala bwino, kumatha kuyamba kukwera njinga
• Imayamba kuzindikira mawu olembedwa, luso lowerenga limayamba
• Amagwira mpira wophulika
• Amasangalala kuchita zinthu zambiri mosadalira, popanda thandizo
• Amasangalala ndi nyimbo ndi sewero
• Kutumphuka ndi phazi limodzi
• Amakwera njinga yamagalimoto atatu bwino
• Iyamba sukulu
• Amamvetsetsa kukula kwamalingaliro
• Amamvetsetsa nthawi

Mwana wazaka zakubadwa kusukulu - zaka 6 mpaka 12

• Ayamba kupeza maluso pamasewera amtimu monga mpira, T-ball, kapena masewera ena am'magulu
• Iyamba kutaya mano a "khanda" ndikupeza mano okhazikika
• Atsikana amayamba kuwonetsa kukula kwa nkhwapa ndi malo obisika, kukula kwa m'mawere
• Kusamba (nthawi yoyamba kusamba) kumatha kuchitika mwa atsikana
• Kuzindikira anzawo kumayamba kukhala kofunikira
• Maluso akuwerenga amakula patsogolo
• Njira zofunika kuchita masana
• Amamvetsetsa ndipo amatha kutsatira njira zingapo motsatizana

Wachinyamata - wazaka 12 mpaka 18

• Kutalika kwa akulu, kulemera, kukhwima
• Anyamata amawonetsa kukula kwa khwapa, chifuwa, ndi ubweya; mawu amasintha; ndipo machende / mbolo zikukulitsa
• Atsikana amawonetsa kukula kwa tsitsi laakhwapa ndi malo obisika; mabere kukula; kusamba kumayamba
• Kulandiridwa ndi anzako ndikofunikira kwambiri
• Amamvetsetsa malingaliro osamveka

Zina zokhudzana ndi izi:

• Mbiri yachitukuko - miyezi iwiri
• Mbiri yachitukuko - miyezi 4
• Mbiri yachitukuko - miyezi 6
• Mbiri yachitukuko - miyezi 9
• Mbiri yachitukuko - miyezi 12
• Mbiri yachitukuko - miyezi 18
• Mbiri yachitukuko - zaka 2
• Mbiri yachitukuko - zaka zitatu
• Mbiri yachitukuko - zaka 4
• Mbiri yachitukuko - zaka 5

Kukula kwakukulu kwa ana; Zochitika zodziwika bwino zakukula kwaubwana; Kukula kwachinyamata

• Kukula kwachitukuko

Mpira JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Kujambula zambiri. Mu: Mpira JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Upangiri wa Siedel ku Kuyesa Thupi. 9th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 5.

Kimmel SR, Ratliff-Schaub K. Kukula ndi chitukuko. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 22.

Lipkin PH. Kukula ndikuwunika pamachitidwe. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 28.