Katemera (katemera)

Katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikupewa matenda owopsa, owopsa.

MMENE VACCINES AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO

Katemera "amaphunzitsa" thupi lanu momwe angadzitetezere pamene majeremusi, monga mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya, awononga:

• Katemera amakupatsani chiopsezo cha ma virus ochepa kapena mabakiteriya omwe afooka kapena kuphedwa.
• Chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimaphunzira kuzindikira ndikumenya matendawa ngati mungadzakumane nawo mtsogolo.
• Zotsatira zake, simudzadwala, kapena mungakhale ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yothanirana ndi matenda opatsirana.

Mitundu inayi ya katemera ilipo pakali pano:

• Katemera wamatenda amoyo gwiritsirani ntchito mawonekedwe ofooketsa a kachilomboka. Katemera wa chikuku, mumps, ndi rubella (MMR) ndi katemera wa varicella (nkhuku) ndi zitsanzo.
• Katemera wophedwa (wosagwira) amapangidwa kuchokera ku puloteni kapena tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatengedwa kuchokera ku virus kapena bakiteriya. Katemera wa chifuwa chachikulu (pertussis) ndi chitsanzo.
• Katemera wa toxoid muli poizoni kapena mankhwala opangidwa ndi bakiteriya kapena kachilomboka. Amakupangitsani kuti musavulazidwe ndi matendawa, m'malo mongodziteteza kumatendawo. Zitsanzo zake ndi katemera wa diphtheria ndi kafumbata.
• Katemera wa biosynthetic muli zinthu zopangidwa ndimunthu zomwe ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zidutswa za virus kapena mabakiteriya. Katemera wa Hepatitis B ndi chitsanzo.

N'CHIFUKWA CHIYANI TIYENERA KUCHOTSA MAVANGI

Kwa milungu ingapo atabadwa, makanda amatetezedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda. Chitetezo ichi chimaperekedwa kuchokera kwa amayi awo kudzera mu nsengwa asanabadwe. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, chitetezo chachilengedwe ichi chimatha.

Katemera amateteza kumatenda ambiri omwe kale anali ofala. Zitsanzo zake ndi monga tetanus, diphtheria, mumps, chikuku, pertussis (chifuwa chachikulu), meningitis, ndi polio. Ambiri mwa matendawa amatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa kapena owopsa ndipo atha kubweretsa mavuto azaumoyo. Chifukwa cha katemera, ambiri mwa matendawa tsopano ndi osowa.

CHITETEZO CHA MAVANGI

Anthu ena amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti katemera siabwino ndipo akhoza kuvulaza makamaka kwa ana. Atha kufunsa omwe amawasamalira kuti adikire kapena asankhe kuti asalandire katemerayu. Koma maubwino a katemera amaposa chiopsezo chake.

American Academy of Pediatrics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ndi Institute of Medicine onse amaganiza kuti maubwino a katemera amapitilira ziwopsezo zawo.

Katemera, monga chikuku, matsagwidi, rubella, nthomba, ndi katemera wa chimfine cha m'mphuno amakhala ndi mavairasi amoyo, koma ofooka:

• Pokhapokha ngati chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu chafooka, sizokayikitsa kuti katemera adzapatsa munthu matendawa. Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka sayenera kulandira katemera wamoyoyu.
• Katemera wamoyoyu atha kukhala wowopsa kwa mwana wosabadwa wa mayi wapakati. Pofuna kupewa kuvulaza mwana, amayi apakati sayenera kulandira katemera uliwonse. Woperekayo angakuuzeni nthawi yoyenera kuti mupeze katemerayu.

Thimerosal ndizosungira zomwe zimapezeka mu katemera ambiri m'mbuyomu. Koma tsopano:

• Pali katemera wa chimfine wa ana ndi ana omwe alibe thimerosal.
• PALIBE katemera wina aliyense amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ana kapena akulu omwe ali ndi mankhwala enaake otsekemera.
• Kafukufuku yemwe wachitika pazaka zambiri sanawonetse kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa thimerosal ndi autism kapena zovuta zina zamankhwala.

Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matupi awo zimakhala zosowa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala gawo lina la katemerayu.

NDANDANDA YA VACCINE

Ndondomeko yovomereza katemera imasinthidwa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri ndi US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsirani zambiri za katemera wa inu kapena mwana wanu. Malingaliro apano akupezeka patsamba la CDC: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules.

Oyenda

Webusayiti ya CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel) ili ndi zambiri mwatsatanetsatane za katemera ndi zina zodzitetezera kwa omwe akupita kumaiko ena. Katemera ambiri amayenera kulandiridwa osachepera mwezi umodzi asanayende.

Bweretsani zolemba zanu za katemera mukamapita kumayiko ena. Mayiko ena amafuna izi.

MISONKHANO YOFALA

• Katemera wa nkhuku
• Katemera wa DTaP (katemera)
• Katemera wa hepatitis A.
• Katemera wa Hepatitis B
• Katemera wa Hib
• Katemera wa HPV
• Katemera wa chimfine
• Katemera wa Meningococcal
• Katemera wa MMR
• Katemera wa Pneumococcal conjugate
• Katemera wa Pneumococcal polysaccharide
• Katemera wa polio (katemera)
• Katemera wa Rotavirus
• Katemera wa shingles
• Katemera wa Tdap
• Katemera wa Tetanus

Katemera; Katemera; Katemera; Kuwombera katemera; Kupewa - katemera

• Katemera
• Katemera
• Katemera

Bernstein HH, Kilinsky A, Orenstein WA. Katemera. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 197.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Mafunso a Thimerosal. www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Concerns/thimerosal/thimerosal_faqs.html. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 19, 2020. Idapezeka Novembala 6, 2020.

Freedman MS, Hunter P, Ault K, Kroger A. Komiti yolangiza za katemera imalimbikitsa dongosolo la katemera kwa achikulire azaka 19 kapena kupitirira - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Wachivundi Wkly Rep. Wachinyamata. 2020; 69 (5): 133-135. PMID: 32027627 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027627/.

Kroger AT, Pickering LK, Mawle A, Hinman AR, Orenstein WA. Katemera. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 316.

Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Poehling K, Romero JR, Szilagyi P.Komiti yolangiza za katemera imalimbikitsa dongosolo la katemera kwa ana ndi achinyamata azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Wachivundi Wkly Rep. Chizindikiro. 2020; 69 (5): 130-132. PMID: 32027628 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027628/.

Strikas RA, Orenstein WA. Katemera. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 15.