Zakudya zopangidwa ndi chibadwa

Zakudya zopangidwa ndi majini (GE) zasintha DNA yawo pogwiritsa ntchito majini ochokera kuzomera zina kapena nyama zina. Asayansi amatenga jini kuti likhale chinthu chofunikira mu chomera chimodzi kapena nyama, ndipo amalowetsa jiniyo mchipinda cha chomera china kapena nyama ina.

Zomangamanga zimatha kuchitika ndi zomera, nyama, kapena bakiteriya ndi tizinthu tina tating'onoting'ono. Kusintha kwa majini kumalola asayansi kusuntha majini ofunikira kuchokera ku chomera china kapena nyama kupita ku china. Chibadwa chimasunthidwanso kuchoka pachinyama kupita ku chomera kapena mosemphanitsa. Dzina lina la izi ndi zamoyo zosinthidwa, kapena ma GMO.

Njira yopangira zakudya za GE ndizosiyana ndi kuswana. Izi zikuphatikiza kusankha mbewu kapena nyama zokhala ndi zikhalidwe zomwe mukufuna ndikubzala. Popita nthawi, izi zimapangitsa ana kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yomwe akufuna.

Limodzi mwamavuto pakusankha kosankha ndikuti amathanso kubweretsa mikhalidwe yomwe sakufuna. Zomangamanga zimalola asayansi kusankha mtundu umodzi wokha womwe angaikepo. Izi zimapewa kuyambitsa majini ena okhala ndi mikhalidwe yosafunikira. Zomangamanga zimathandizanso kufulumizitsa njira yopangira zakudya zatsopano ndi zomwe mukufuna.

Ubwino womwe ungakhalepo pakupanga majini ndi awa:

• Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
• Chakudya chokoma
• Mitengo yolimbana ndi matenda ndi chilala yomwe imafunikira zinthu zochepa zachilengedwe (monga madzi ndi feteleza)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pang'ono
• Kuchulukitsa kwa chakudya ndi mtengo wotsikirako komanso moyo wautali
• Zomera ndi nyama zomwe zikukula msanga
• Chakudya chokhala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri, monga mbatata zomwe zimatulutsa zochepa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zikazinga
• Zakudya zamankhwala zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katemera kapena mankhwala ena

Anthu ena afotokoza nkhawa zawo pazakudya za GE, monga:

• Kulengedwa kwa zakudya zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa vuto linalake kapena poyizoni
• Kusintha kosayembekezereka kapena koopsa kwa majini
• Kusamutsa majeremusi mosazindikira kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi cha GM kapena chinyama kupita ku chomera china kapena nyama yomwe siyikufuna kusintha majini
• Zakudya zopanda thanzi

Zovuta izi pakadali pano zilibe maziko. Palibe zakudya za GE zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano zomwe zadzetsa mavutowa. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) imayesa zakudya zonse za GE kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino asanawalole kuti zigulitsidwe. Kuphatikiza pa FDA, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndi US Department of Agriculture (USDA) amayang'anira zomera ndi nyama zopangidwa mwachilengedwe. Amawunika chitetezo cha zakudya za GE kwa anthu, nyama, zomera, ndi chilengedwe.

Thonje, chimanga, ndi soya ndiwo mbewu zazikulu za GE zomwe zimalimidwa ku United States. Zambiri mwa izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zina, monga:

• Madzi a chimanga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chotsekemera mu zakudya ndi zakumwa zambiri
• Wowuma chimanga ntchito msuzi ndi sauces
• Mafuta a soya, chimanga, ndi canola omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zopanda pake, buledi, masaladi, ndi mayonesi
• Shuga kuchokera ku beets shuga
• Zakudya za ziweto

Zomera zina zazikulu za GE ndi monga:

• Maapulo
• Mapapaya
• Mbatata
• Sikwashi

Palibe zovuta chifukwa chodya zakudya za GE.

World Health Organisation, National Academy of Science, ndi mabungwe ena ambiri asayansi padziko lonse lapansi awunikiranso kafukufuku wokhudza zakudya za GE ndipo sanapeze umboni woti ndiwowopsa. Palibe malipoti a matenda, kuvulala, kapena kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha zakudya za GE. Zakudya zopangidwa ndi chibadwa ndizotetezeka monganso zakudya wamba.

Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda ku United States yangoyamba kumene kufuna opanga chakudya kuti adziwitse zambiri zazakudya zopangidwa ndi biojini ndi zosakaniza zake.

Zakudya zopangidwa ndi bio; GMO; Zakudya zosinthidwa

Hielscher S, Pies I, Valentinov V, Chatalova L. Kuyerekeza kutsutsana kwa GMO: njira yoyendetsera kuthana ndi nthano zaulimi. Int J Environ Res Zaumoyo Pagulu. 2016; 13 (5): 476. PMID: 27171102 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27171102/.

National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, ndi Mankhwala. 2016. Mbewu Zopangidwa ndi Chibadwa: Zochitika ndi Zoyembekeza. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Webusaiti ya US Department of Agriculture. Muyeso wadziko lonse wofotokozera zakudya. www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/national-bioengineered-food-disclosure-standard. Tsiku loyamba: February 19, 2019. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 28, 2020.

Tsamba la US Food and Drug Administration. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yatsopano yazomera. www.fda.gov/food/food-new-plant-variversity/consumer-info-about-food-genetically-engineered-plants. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 2, 2020. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 28, 2020.