Kupuma kovuta

Vuto la kupuma lingaphatikizepo:

• Kupuma kovuta
• Kupuma kovuta
• Kumva ngati kuti simukupeza mpweya wokwanira

Palibe tanthauzo lililonse lakulephera kupuma. Anthu ena amamva kupuma ndi zolimbitsa thupi zochepa chabe (mwachitsanzo, kukwera masitepe), ngakhale alibe matenda. Ena atha kukhala ndi matenda am'mapapo apamwamba, koma samamvanso kupuma pang'ono.

Kupuma ndimodzi mwa kupuma movutikira momwe mumamveka mokweza mukamapuma.

Kupuma pang'ono kumayambitsa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, matenda amtima amatha kuyambitsa kupuma ngati mtima wanu sungathe kupopa magazi okwanira kuti mupereke mpweya m'thupi lanu. Ngati ubongo wanu, minofu, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi sizipeza mpweya wokwanira, mpweya umatha kuchitika.

Kupuma kovuta kumatha kukhalanso chifukwa cha mavuto am'mapapu, mayendedwe ampweya, kapena mavuto ena azaumoyo.

Mavuto ndi mapapu:

• Magazi amagazi m'mitsempha ya m'mapapo (pulmonary embolism)
• Kutupa ndi ntchentche zimakhazikika m'magawo ang'onoang'ono am'mapapu (bronchiolitis)
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD), monga bronchitis kapena emphysema
• Chibayo
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya m'mapapo (pulmonary hypertension)
• Matenda ena am'mapapo

Mavuto ndi maulendowa opita kumapapu:

• Kutsekeka kwa maulendowa pamphuno, mkamwa, kapena mmero
• Kutsamwa pachinthu china chomwe chatsekedwa mlengalenga
• Kutupa kuzungulira zingwe zamawu (croup)
• Kutupa kwa minofu (epiglottis) yomwe imakwirira mphepo (epiglottitis)

Mavuto ndi mtima:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa chifukwa cha magazi osayenda bwino kudzera mumitsempha yamagazi yamtima (angina)
• Matenda amtima
• Zofooka za mtima kuyambira pobadwa (matenda obadwa nawo amtima)
• Mtima kulephera
• Kusokonezeka kwamitima yamtima (arrhythmias)

Zimayambitsa zina:

• Matenda (monga nkhungu, dander, kapena mungu)
• Malo okwera kumene kuli mpweya wochepa mlengalenga
• Kupanikizika kwa khoma lachifuwa
• Fumbi m'chilengedwe
• Kupsinjika mtima, monga kuda nkhawa
• Matenda a Hiatal (momwe gawo lina la m'mimba limafikira potsegulira chotsekera m'chifuwa)
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Mantha
• Kuchepa kwa magazi (hemoglobin yotsika)
• Mavuto amwazi (pomwe maselo anu samatha kutenga oxygen nthawi zambiri; matenda a methemoglobinemia ndi chitsanzo)

Nthawi zina, kupuma pang'ono kumatha kukhala kwachilendo ndipo sizoyambitsa nkhawa. Mphuno yothinana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo chimodzi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, makamaka ngati simulimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri, ndi chitsanzo china.

Ngati kupuma movutikira kwatsopano kapena kukukulirakulira, mwina chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu. Ngakhale zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa sizowopsa ndipo zimachiritsidwa mosavuta, itanani omwe amakuthandizani pazovuta zilizonse za kupuma.

Ngati mukuchiritsidwa ndi vuto lalitali ndi mapapu kapena mtima, tsatirani malangizo a omwe amakupatsani kuti akuthandizeni.

Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati:

• Vuto la kupuma limabwera mwadzidzidzi kapena limasokoneza kupuma kwanu komanso kuyankhula
• Wina amasiya kupuma

Onani omwe akukuthandizani ngati izi zingachitike ndi zovuta kupuma:

• Kusapeza bwino pachifuwa, kupweteka, kapena kukakamizidwa. Izi ndi zizindikiro za angina.
• Malungo.
• Kupuma pang'ono pambuyo pochita pang'ono kapena panthawi yopuma.
• Kupuma pang'ono komwe kumadzutsa iwe usiku kapena kumafuna kuti ugone utakhazikika kuti upume.
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi kulankhula kosavuta.
• Kulimbitsa pakhosi kapena kukuwa, kutsokomola.
• Mwapumira kapena kutsamwitsa chinthu (kukhumba chinthu chakunja kapena kumeza).
• Kutentha.

Woperekayo akuyesani. Mudzafunsidwa za mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi zizindikiro zake. Mafunso angaphatikizepo kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mwakhala mukuvutika kupuma komanso pomwe idayamba. Muthanso kufunsidwa ngati chilichonse chikuwonjezeretsa komanso ngati mukung'ung'uza kapena kupuma mokoka mukamapuma.

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Kukhathamiritsa kwa mpweya wamagazi (pulse oximetry)
• Mayeso amwazi (atha kuphatikizira mpweya wamagazi ochepa)
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT pachifuwa
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Zojambulajambula
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Mayeso a ntchito yamapapo

Ngati vuto lakupuma ndilolimba, mungafunike kupita kuchipatala. Mutha kulandira mankhwala ochizira vuto lakupuma.

Ngati mpweya wanu wa oxygen uli wochepa kwambiri, mungafunike oxygen.

Mpweya wochepa; Kupuma; Kupuma kovuta; Dyspnea

• Momwe mungapume mukakhala ndi mpweya wochepa
• Matenda am'mapapo - akulu - amatulutsa
• Kuteteza kwa oxygen
• Kuyenda ndi mavuto apuma
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kunyumba

• Mapapo
• Emphysema

Braithwaite SA, Perina D. Dyspnea. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 22.

Kraft M. Njira kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda opuma. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 83.

Schwartzstein RM, Adams L. Dyspnea. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 29.