Kugwidwa

Kulanda ndikutuluka kwakuthupi kapena kusintha kwa zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pazochitika zamagetsi zamagetsi muubongo.

Mawu oti "khunyu" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana ndi "kugwedezeka." Pakukomoka munthu amakhala ndi kugwedezeka kosalamulirika komwe kumathamanga komanso kwachangu, minofu ikumangotuphuka komanso kumasuka mobwerezabwereza. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kulanda. Ena ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa osagwedezeka.

Kungakhale kovuta kudziwa ngati wina akugona. Ena khunyu zimangopangitsa kuti munthu azingoyang'ana. Izi zitha kuzindikirika.

Zizindikiro zenizeni zimadalira gawo lomwe ubongo umakhudzidwa. Zizindikiro zimachitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuzimitsa kwakanthawi kochepa kutsatiridwa ndi nthawi yachisokonezo (munthuyo sangakumbukire kwakanthawi)
• Zosintha pamakhalidwe, monga kutola zovala za munthu
• Kutsetsereka kapena kufinya pakamwa
• Kusuntha kwa diso
• Kung'ung'udza ndi kukosola
• Kutaya chikhodzodzo kapena matumbo
• Zosintha, monga mkwiyo mwadzidzidzi, mantha osamveka, mantha, chisangalalo, kapena kuseka
• Kugwedeza thupi lonse
• Kugwa mwadzidzidzi
• Kulawa kununkhira kowawa kapena kwazitsulo
• Kukumana mano
• Kupuma kwakanthawi
• Minyewa yosalamulirika yolumikizana ndimiyendo yolumikizana ndi kugwedeza

Zizindikiro zimatha kuyima patatha masekondi kapena mphindi zochepa, kapena kupitilira mpaka mphindi 15. Sipitilira nthawi yayitali.

Munthuyo atha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza asanaukiridwe, monga:

• Mantha kapena nkhawa
• Nseru
• Vertigo (kumverera ngati kuti ukupota kapena kusuntha)
• Zizindikiro zowoneka (monga magetsi owala, mawanga, kapena mizere ya wavy pamaso panu)

Kugwidwa kwamitundu yonse kumayambitsidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi muubongo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwidwa zingaphatikizepo:

• Magulu osazolowereka a sodium kapena glucose m'magazi
• Matenda aubongo, kuphatikizapo meningitis ndi encephalitis
• Kuvulala kwaubongo komwe kumachitika kwa mwana panthawi yobereka kapena yobereka
• Mavuto aubongo omwe amabadwa asanabadwe (kobadwa nako ubongo)
• Chotupa chaubongo (chosowa)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi
• Khunyu
• Malungo (makamaka ana aang'ono)
• Kuvulala pamutu
• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda otentha (kusalolera kutentha)
• Kutentha kwakukulu
• Phenylketonuria (PKU), yomwe imatha kupangitsa makanda kugwa
• Poizoni
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga fumbi la angelo (PCP), cocaine, amphetamines
• Sitiroko
• Toxemia ya mimba
• Kupanga poizoni mthupi chifukwa cha chiwindi kapena impso
• Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi (matenda oopsa)
• Kuluma koopsa ndi kuluma (monga kuluma njoka)
• Kusiya kumwa mowa kapena mankhwala ena mukamamwa kwa nthawi yayitali

Nthawi zina, palibe chifukwa chomwe chingapezeke. Izi zimatchedwa kugwidwa kwa idiopathic. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mwa ana ndi akulu, koma zimatha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse. Pakhoza kukhala mbiri yakale ya banja lakhunyu kapena khunyu.

Ngati khunyu likupitilira mobwerezabwereza vutoli litatha, vutolo limatchedwa khunyu.

Khunyu zambiri zimaima zokha. Koma panthawi yolanda, munthuyo amatha kuvulala kapena kuvulala.

Kugwidwa kukachitika, cholinga chachikulu ndikuteteza munthu kuvulala:

• Yesetsani kupewa kugwa. Ikani munthuyo pansi pamalo abwino. Chotsani malo a mipando kapena zinthu zina zakuthwa.
• Tsitsani mutu wa munthu.
• Masulani zovala zolimba, makamaka mozungulira khosi.
• Tembenuzani munthuyo kumbali yawo. Ngati kusanza kumachitika, izi zimathandizira kuti masanziwo asapumiridwe m'mapapu.
• Fufuzani chibangili chachipatala chokhala ndi malangizo olanda.
• Khalani ndi munthuyo mpaka atachira, kapena kufikira atalandira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Zinthu zomwe abwenzi ndi abale sayenera kuchita:

• Osamuletsa (yesani kumugwira) munthuyo.
• MUSAMAYIKE chilichonse pakati pa mano a munthuyo panthawi yomwe akugwidwa (kuphatikizapo zala zanu).
• Musayese kugwira lilime la munthuyo.
  
• Musamusunthe munthuyo pokhapokha atakhala pachiwopsezo kapena pafupi ndi china chake choopsa.
• MUSAMAYESETSE kuti munthuyo asiye kugwedezeka. Alibe mphamvu zolanda ndipo sakudziwa zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyo.
• Osamupatsa munthu chilichonse pakamwa mpaka kukomako kutasiya ndipo munthuyo ali watcheru komanso watcheru.
• Musayambe CPR pokhapokha ngati kulanda kwatha ndipo munthuyo sakupuma kapena alibe vuto lililonse.

Ngati mwana kapena mwana wagwidwa ndi vuto la kutentha thupi, muziziziritse pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi ofunda. MUSAMAYIKITSE mwanayo pamalo ozizira ozizira. Itanani woyang'anira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu ndikufunsani zomwe muyenera kuchita. Komanso, funsani ngati zili bwino kupatsa mwanayo acetaminophen (Tylenol) akangodzuka.

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati:

• Aka ndi koyamba kuti munthu agwidwe
• Kugwidwa kumatenga mphindi zoposa 2 mpaka 5
• Munthuyo samadzuka kapena kukhala ndi machitidwe abwinobwino atagwidwa
• Kulanda kwina kumayamba atangomaliza kulanda
• Munthuyo adagwidwa m'madzi
• Munthuyo ali ndi pakati, wavulala, kapena ali ndi matenda ashuga
• Munthuyo alibe chibangili chachipatala (malangizo ofotokozera zoyenera kuchita)
• Pali china chilichonse chosiyana ndikulandidwa uku poyerekeza ndi zomwe munthu amakhala nazo

Nenani za kugwidwa konse kwa omwe akupatsani munthuyo. Woperekayo angafunike kusintha kapena kusintha mankhwala amunthuyo.

Munthu amene wagwidwa kanthawi katsopano kapena koopsa nthawi zambiri amamuwona kuchipatala chadzidzidzi. Woperekayo ayesa kuzindikira mtundu wa kulanda kutengera zizindikilo.

Kuyesedwa kudzachitika pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta zina zamankhwala zomwe zimayambitsa khunyu kapena zizindikilo zofananira. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kukomoka, kusokonezeka kwa ischemic (TIA) kapena sitiroko, mantha, mutu waching'alang'ala, kusokonezeka tulo, ndi zina zomwe zingayambitse.

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo
• CT scan ya mutu kapena MRI ya mutu
• EEG (nthawi zambiri samakhala mchipinda chodzidzimutsa)
• Lumbar kuboola (tapampopi)

Kuyesanso kwina kuli kofunika ngati munthu ali:

• Kulanda kwatsopano popanda chifukwa chomveka
• Khunyu (kuwonetsetsa kuti munthu akumwa mankhwala oyenera)

Khunyu Secondary; Kugwiranso; Kulanda - sekondale; Kulanda - zotakasika; Kugwedezeka

• Kukonza aneurysm ya ubongo - kutulutsa
• Khunyu akuluakulu - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Khunyu ana - kumaliseche
• Khunyu mwa ana - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Khunyu kapena khunyu - kumaliseche
• Matenda a febrile - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Kugwedezeka - chithandizo choyamba - mndandanda

Krumholz A, Wiebe S, Gronseth GS, ndi ena.Chitsogozo chokhazikitsidwa ndi umboni: kuwongolera kugwidwa koyamba kosavomerezeka kwa akulu: lipoti la Guideline Development Subcommittee ya American Academy of Neurology ndi American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2015; 84 (16): 1705-1713. PMID: 25901057 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25901057/.

Mikati MA, Tchapyjnikov D. Kugwidwa ali mwana. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 611.

Moeller JJ, Hirsch LJ (Adasankhidwa) Kusanthula ndi kugawa khunyu ndi khunyu. Mu: Winn HR, mkonzi. Opaleshoni ya Youmans ndi Winn Neurological. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 61.

Wopanga E, Jagoda AS. Kugwidwa. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 92.