Kuwonongeka kwakulankhula kwa akulu

Kuwonongeka kwa mayankhulidwe ndi chilankhulo kumatha kukhala mavuto aliwonse omwe amalephera kulankhulana.

Zotsatirazi ndizofala pakulankhula komanso vuto la chilankhulo.

APHASIA

Aphasia ndikutaya kumvetsetsa kapena kufotokoza chilankhulo kapena cholembedwa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo pakukwapulidwa kapena kuvulala koopsa muubongo. Zitha kupezekanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zotupa zamaubongo kapena matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza madera azilankhulo zaubongo. Mawuwa sagwira ntchito kwa ana omwe sanaphunzirepo luso loyankhulana. Pali mitundu yambiri ya aphasia.

Nthawi zina aphasia, vutolo limadzikonza lokha, koma kwa ena, silikhala bwino.

DYSARTHRIA

Ndi dysarthria, munthuyo amavutika kufotokoza mawu kapena mawu ena. Iwo samalankhula bwino (monga kusalaza) ndipo mayimbidwe kapena liwiro la mayankhulidwe amasinthidwa. Nthawi zambiri, vuto la mitsempha kapena ubongo lapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwongolera lilime, milomo, kholingo, kapena zingwe zamawu, zomwe zimalankhula.

Dysarthria, yomwe imavutikira kutchula mawu, nthawi zina imasokonezeka ndi aphasia, yomwe imavuta kupanga chilankhulo. Ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Anthu omwe ali ndi dysarthria atha kukhala ndi mavuto kumeza.

ZOSANGALATSA MAU

Chilichonse chomwe chingasinthe mawonekedwe a zingwe zamawu kapena momwe amagwirira ntchito zimatha kusokoneza mawu. Kukula kofanana ndi chotupa monga ma nodule, ma polyps, ma cyst, papillomas, granulomas, ndi khansa kungakhale chifukwa. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa mawu kumveka mosiyana ndi momwe amamvekera.

Zina mwazovutazi zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, koma aliyense amatha kukhala ndi vuto lakulankhula komanso chilankhulo mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala wopwetekedwa mtima.

APHASIA

• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Chotupa chaubongo (chofala kwambiri mu aphasia kuposa dysarthria)
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Kusokonezeka mutu
• Sitiroko
• Kuukira kwanthawi yayitali (TIA)

DYSARTHRIA

• Kuledzera
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Matenda omwe amakhudza mitsempha ndi minofu (matenda a neuromuscular), monga amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS kapena matenda a Lou Gehrig), cerebral palsy, myasthenia gravis, kapena multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Mavuto a nkhope
• Kufooka kwa nkhope, monga kufooka kwa Bell kapena kufooka kwa lilime
• Kusokonezeka mutu
• Opaleshoni ya khansa ya mutu ndi khosi
• Matenda amanjenje (neurological) omwe amakhudza ubongo, monga matenda a Parkinson kapena matenda a Huntington (omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku dysarthria kuposa aphasia)
• Mano ovekera bwino
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito pakatikati mwa mitsempha, monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, phenytoin, kapena carbamazepine
• Sitiroko
• Kuukira kwanthawi yayitali (TIA)

ZOSANGALATSA MAU

• Kukula kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zingwe zamawu
• Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awo mwamphamvu (aphunzitsi, makochi, ochita mawu) atha kukhala ndi vuto lakumva.

Kwa dysarthria, njira zothandizira kulumikizana zimaphatikizapo kuyankhula pang'onopang'ono ndikugwiritsa ntchito manja. Achibale ndi abwenzi amafunika kupereka nthawi yochuluka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vutoli kuti azitha kufotokoza zakukhosi kwawo. Kulemba pazida zamagetsi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera ndi pepala kungathandizenso kulumikizana.

Kwa aphasia, achibale angafunike kupereka zikumbutso pafupipafupi, monga tsiku la sabata. Kusokonezeka komanso kusokonezeka nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi aphasia.Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolankhulirana mosavutikira kungathandizenso.

Ndikofunika kukhala omasuka, odekha komanso osasokoneza zomwe zakunja.

• Lankhulani ndi mawu wamba (vutoli si vuto lakumva kapena lamavuto).
• Gwiritsani ntchito mawu osavuta kuti mupewe kusamvana.
• Musaganize kuti munthuyo akumvetsa.
• Perekani zothandizira kulumikizana, ngati zingatheke, kutengera munthuyo ndi mkhalidwewo.

Upangiri waumoyo ukhoza kuthandizira kukhumudwa kapena kukhumudwa komwe anthu ambiri olumala amalankhula.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Kuwonongeka kapena kutayika kwa kulumikizana kumadza mwadzidzidzi
• Pali kuwonongeka kulikonse kosafotokozedwa kapena chilankhulo

Pokhapokha mavuto atakhala kuti achitika mwadzidzidzi, woperekayo amatenga mbiri ya zamankhwala ndikuwunika. Mbiri yazachipatala ingafune thandizo la abale kapena abwenzi.

Woperekayo angafunse za vuto lakulankhula. Mafunso atha kuphatikizira pomwe vuto lidayamba, ngati adavulala, komanso mankhwala omwe munthuyo amamwa.

Mayeso ozindikira omwe atha kuchitidwa ndi awa:

• Kuyesa magazi
• Cerebral angiography kuti muwone kuthamanga kwa magazi muubongo
• Kujambula kwa CT kapena MRI pamutu kuti muwone zovuta monga chotupa
• EEG kuyeza zamagetsi zamaubongo
• Electromyography (EMG) yowunika thanzi la minofu ndi mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira minofu
• Lumbar kuboola kuyang'ana madzi amadzimadzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana
• Mayeso amkodzo
• X-ray ya chigaza

Ngati mayeso apeza zovuta zina zamankhwala, madokotala ena odziwa amafunika kufunsa.

Pofuna kuthandizidwa ndi vuto lakulankhula, wothandizira olankhula ndi olankhula kapena ogwira nawo ntchito amafunikira kufunsidwa.

Kuwonongeka kwa chilankhulo; Kuwonongeka kwa mawu; Kulephera kuyankhula; Aphasia; Dysarthria; Slurred kulankhula; Mavuto amawu a Dysphonia

Kirshner HS. Aphasia ndi aphasic syndromes. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 13.

Kirshner HS. Dysarthria ndi apraxia oyankhula. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 14.

Rossi RP, Kortte JH, Palmer JB. Kulankhula komanso vuto la chilankhulo. Mu: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, olemba. Zofunikira pa Thupi Lathupi ndi Kukonzanso. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 155.