Zotsatira za hemoglobin

Zotengera za hemoglobin ndizosintha mitundu ya hemoglobin. Hemoglobin ndi mapuloteni m'maselo ofiira ofiira omwe amasuntha mpweya ndi mpweya woipa pakati pa mapapo ndi minyewa ya thupi.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi anu.

Kuyesaku kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kuti mutenge magazi kuchokera mtsempha kapena mtsempha. Chitsanzocho chikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumtsempha kapena mtsempha pamanja, kubuula, kapena mkono.

Asanatenge magazi, wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kuyesa kufalitsa kwa dzanja (ngati dzanja ndi tsambalo). Akakoka magazi, kupanikizika komwe kumayikidwa pamalo obowoka kwa mphindi zochepa kumasiya kutuluka kwa magazi.

Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumafunikira.

Kwa ana, zitha kuthandiza kufotokoza momwe mayeso angamvekere komanso chifukwa chake amachitidwa. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mwana asamachite mantha.

Mutha kumva kupweteka pang'ono kapena mbola pamene singano imayikidwa. Muthanso kumva kupwetekedwa pamalowo magazi atatengedwa.

Mayeso a carboxyhemoglobin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza poizoni wa carbon monoxide. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuzindikira kusintha kwa hemoglobin komwe kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha mankhwala ena. Mankhwala ena kapena mankhwala amatha kusintha hemoglobin kotero kuti siyigwiranso ntchito moyenera.

Mitundu yachilendo ya hemoglobin ndi iyi:

• Carboxyhemoglobin: Mtundu wodabwitsa wa hemoglobin womwe umalumikizidwa ndi carbon monoxide m'malo mwa oxygen kapena carbon dioxide. Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yamtunduwu kumateteza kuyenda kwabwino kwa mpweya ndi magazi.
• Sulfhemoglobin: Mtundu wa hemoglobin wosowa kwambiri womwe sungathe kunyamula mpweya. Zitha kubwera chifukwa cha mankhwala ena monga dapsone, metoclopramide, nitrate kapena sulfonamides.
• Methemoglobin: Vuto lomwe limachitika pamene chitsulo chomwe ndi gawo la hemoglobin chimasinthidwa kuti chisanyamule mpweya wabwino. Mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala ena monga ma nitrites omwe amalowetsedwa m'magazi amatha kuyambitsa vutoli.

Miyezo yotsatirayi ikuimira kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yotengera hemoglobin yathunthu:

• Carboxyhemoglobin - osakwana 1.5% (koma atha kukhala okwana 9% mwa osuta)
• Methemoglobin - ochepera 2%
• Sulfhemoglobin - yosawoneka

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa ma labotore osiyanasiyana. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu zoyeserera.

Zitsanzo pamwambapa zikuwonetsa muyeso wamba wazotsatira zamayesowa. Ma labotale ena amagwiritsa ntchito miyeso yosiyana kapena amatha kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin zotumphukira kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu. Ma hemoglobin omwe asinthidwa samalola kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino kudzera mthupi. Izi zitha kubweretsa kufa kwamatenda.

Zotsatira zotsatirazi, kupatula sulfhemoglobin, zikuyimira kuchuluka kwa zotumphukira za hemoglobin kutengera hemoglobin yathunthu.

Mpweya wambiri:

• 10% mpaka 20% - zizindikiro za poyizoni wa carbon monoxide zimayamba kuwonekera
• 30% - poizoni wolimba wa carbon monoxide alipo
• 50% mpaka 80% - zimayambitsa poizoni wa carbon monoxide wowopsa

Methemoglobin:

• 10% mpaka 25% - zimabweretsa mtundu wabuluu (cyanosis)
• 35% mpaka 40% - zimabweretsa kupuma pang'ono komanso kupweteka mutu
• Kupitilira 60% - kumabweretsa ulesi komanso kugona mopepuka
• Oposa 70% - atha kubweretsa imfa

Sulfhemoglobin:

• Mtengo wa magalamu 10 pa deciliter (g / dL) kapena 6.2 millimoles pa lita (mmol / L) umayambitsa khungu labuluu chifukwa chosowa mpweya (cyanosis), koma nthawi zambiri suyambitsa mavuto.

Methemoglobin; Mpweya wambiri; Sulfhemoglobin

• Kuyezetsa magazi

Benz EJ, Ebert BL. Mitundu ya Hemoglobin yokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kusintha kwa kuyanjana kwa okosijeni, ndi methemoglobinemias. Mu: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, olemba. Hematology: Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zochita. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 43.

Bunn HF. Yandikirani ku anemias. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 158.

Christiani DC. Kuvulala kwakuthupi ndi mankhwala kwamapapu. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 94.

Nelson LS, Ford MD. Pachimake poyizoni. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 110.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Kuwunika koyambirira kwamagazi ndi mafupa. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 30.