Zosangalatsa za Neurotransmitters

Zamkati

• Odwala matendawa
• Kodi ma neurotransmitters amagwira ntchito bwanji?
• Zomwe ma neurotransmitters amachita
• Zosangalatsa zama neurotransmitters
• Acetylcholine
• Epinephrine
• Glutamate
• Mbiri
• Dopamine
• Ma neurotransmitters ena
• Norepinephrine
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• Serotonin
• Zovuta zolumikizidwa ndi ma neurotransmitters
• Tengera kwina

Odwala matendawa

Ma Neurotransmitters amatenga gawo lofunikira pakulumikizana kwa ma neural. Ndiwo amithenga azamtundu omwe amanyamula mauthenga pakati pa maselo amitsempha (ma neuron) ndi ma cell ena mthupi lanu, zomwe zimakhudza chilichonse kuyambira pamalingaliro mpaka kusuntha kosafunikira. Izi zimatchedwa kutulutsa ma neurotransuction kapena kufalikira kwa synaptic.

Makamaka, ma neurotransmitters osangalatsa amakhala ndi zotsatira zosangalatsa pa neuron. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amachulukitsa mwayi woti neuron ipsere chizindikiro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndichotheka mu neuron yolandila.

Ma Neurotransmitters amatha kuchita zinthu zodziwikiratu, koma atha kukhudzidwa ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo, matenda, komanso kuyanjana ndi amithenga ena.

Kodi ma neurotransmitters amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kuti atumize uthenga m'thupi lonse, ma neuron amafunika kutumiza ma siginolo kuti azilankhulana. Koma palibe kulumikizana kwakuthupi ndi wina ndi mzake, kungosiyana pang'ono pang'ono. Mgwirizanowu pakati pa maselo awiri amitsempha umatchedwa synapse.

Polumikizana ndi selo lotsatira, neuron imatumiza chizindikiritso kupyola synapse ndikufalikira kwa neurotransmitter.

Zomwe ma neurotransmitters amachita

Ma Neurotransmitters amakhudza ma neuron m'njira imodzi mwanjira zitatu: atha kukhala osangalatsa, oletsa, kapena oyeserera. Chosangalatsa chotsatsira chimapanga chizindikiritso chotchedwa zomwe zingachitike mu neuron yolandila. Chotumizira choletsa chimalepheretsa. Neuromodulators amayang'anira magulu a ma neuron.

1. Zosangalatsa zama neurotransmitters zimakhudza kwambiri ma neuron. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amachulukitsa mwayi woti neuron ithandizire kuchitapo kanthu.
2. Ma neurotransmitters oletsa kukhala ndi zoteteza ku neuron. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amachepetsa mwayi woti neuron ithandizire kuchitapo kanthu.
3. Ma modulatory neurotransmitters Zitha kukhudza ma neuron angapo nthawi imodzimodzi ndikukhala ndi zotsatira za amithenga ena amadzimadzi.

Ma neurotransmitters ena, monga dopamine, kutengera ma receptors omwe alipo, amayambitsa zokopa komanso zotsekereza.

Zosangalatsa zama neurotransmitters

Mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yomveka bwino ya ma neurotransmitter osangalatsa ndi awa:

Acetylcholine

Ichi ndi chotupa chokondweretsa chomwe chimapezeka mu dongosolo lonse la manjenje. Imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe imagwira ntchito ndikulimbikitsa minofu, kuphatikiza yam'mimba ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lodziyimira palokha.

Kodi mumadziwa bwino jakisoni wa Botox? Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa makwinya powumitsa minofu inayake kwakanthawi. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito poizoni wa botulinum kuzizira minofu m'malo mwake poletsa ma neuron am'deralo kutulutsa acetylcholine.

Epinephrine

Amatchedwanso adrenaline, epinephrine ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapangidwa ndi adrenal glands. Amatulutsidwa m'magazi kuti akonzekeretse thupi lanu ku zoopsa mwa kuwonjezera kugunda kwa mtima wanu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kupanga shuga.

Kodi mumawadziwa mayankho omenyera nkhondo kapena kuthawa? Adrenaline imathandizira machitidwe anu amanjenje komanso a endocrine kukonzekera zovuta zomwe mungakhale mukumenyera nkhondo kapena kuthawa.

Glutamate

Awa ndi ma neurotransmitter ofala kwambiri mkatikati mwa manjenje. Ndi neurotransmitter yosangalatsa ndipo nthawi zambiri imawonetsetsa kuti zotsatira za gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), yoteteza ma neurotransmitter.

Mbiri

Ichi ndi chosangalatsa cha neurotransmitter chomwe chimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi mayankho otupa, kupuma kwa magazi, komanso kuwongolera mayankho amthupi lanu kumatupi akunja monga ma allergen.

Dopamine

Dopamine imakhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa komanso zoletsa. Amalumikizidwa ndi njira zopindulitsa muubongo.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga cocaine, heroin, ndi mowa amatha kuwonjezera magazi pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa kuti ma cell amitsempha aziwombera modzidzimutsa zomwe zitha kuyambitsa kuledzeretsa limodzi ndi chidziwitso komanso zovuta.

Kubisa kwa dopamine m'magazi anu kumatha kulimbikitsa.

Ma neurotransmitters ena

Norepinephrine

Amatchedwanso noradrenaline, norepinephrine ndiye neurotransmitter yoyamba mumanjenje amanjenje pomwe imagwira ntchito kuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi, ndi ntchito zina.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Amadziwikanso kuti GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid ndi neurotransmitter yoletsa yomwe imachita ngati kuswa kwa ma neurotransmitters osangalatsa. GABA imagawidwa kwambiri muubongo ndipo ili ndi gawo lalikulu pochepetsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha munthawi yamanjenje.

Serotonin

Serotonin ndi neurotransmitter yoletsa yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kutengeka mtima, kusakanikirana kwambiri ndi zotupa muubongo wanu. Serotonin imayendetsanso njira, monga kugona, kulakalaka ma carbohydrate, chakudya chimbudzi, komanso kuwongolera kupweteka.

Zovuta zolumikizidwa ndi ma neurotransmitters

Ma neurotransmitters ambiri adalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zingapo.

• Matenda a Alzheimer adalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa acetylcholine komanso zigawo zina zaubongo.
• Schizophrenia yakhala ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi dopamine wochuluka kwambiri mu njira ya masolimbic ya ubongo.
• Matenda a Parkinson adalumikizidwa ndi dopamine wocheperako m'magalimoto oyendetsa ubongo.
• Matenda a khunyu ndi a Huntington amalumikizidwa ndi kutsitsa GABA muubongo.
• Matenda a nkhawa monga nkhawa amalumikizidwa.
• Matenda amisala monga kupsinjika kwa manic, nkhawa, komanso vuto la kugona amalumikizidwa ndi (norepinephrine) ndi ma neurotransmitters ena.

Tengera kwina

Pali mabiliyoni amolekyulu yama neurotransmitter omwe amagwirabe ntchito nthawi zonse kuti ubongo wanu uzigwira ntchito ndikuwongolera chilichonse kuyambira kupuma kwanu mpaka kugunda kwa mtima wanu kufikira kuthekera kwanu kuyang'ana.

Kumvetsetsa momwe ma cell amitsempha amalumikizirana, komanso momwe kuchuluka kwa ma neurotransmitters kumakhudzira thanzi lathu komanso malingaliro athu, kumathandizira ofufuza ndi madotolo kupeza njira zotipangira kukhala achimwemwe komanso athanzi.