CBC: ndi chiani komanso kuti mumvetse bwanji zotsatira zake
Zamkati
- 1. Maselo ofiira ofiira, magazi ofiira kapena ma erythrocyte
- 2. Maselo oyera amwazi (leukocyte)
- 3. Mipata
Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi ndiko kuyesa magazi komwe kumayesa maselo omwe amapanga magazi, monga ma leukocyte, omwe amadziwika kuti maselo oyera amwazi, maselo ofiira amwazi, omwe amatchedwanso maselo ofiira kapena ma erythrocyte, ndi ma platelets.
Gawo la kuchuluka kwa magazi komwe kumafanana ndi kusanthula kwa maselo ofiira amatchedwa erythrogram yomwe, kuphatikiza pakuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo amwazi, imadziwitsa za mtundu wamagazi ofiira, kuwonetsa ngati ali ndi kukula koyenera kapena ndi hemoglobin yolimbikitsidwa mwa iwo, yomwe imathandizira kufotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi, mwachitsanzo. Izi zimaperekedwa ndi ma hematimetric indices, omwe ndi HCM, VCM, CHCM ndi RDW.
Kusala kudya sikofunikira kuti asonkhanitse, komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisamachite masewera olimbitsa thupi maola 24 mayeso asanafike komanso kukhala maola 48 osamwa zakumwa zilizonse, chifukwa zimatha kusintha zotsatira zake.
Zina mwazomwe zimawoneka pakuwerengera magazi ndi izi:
1. Maselo ofiira ofiira, magazi ofiira kapena ma erythrocyte
Erythrogram ndi gawo la kuwerengera magazi komwe kumasanthula mawonekedwe am'magazi ofiira, ma erythrocyte, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma erythrocyte.
HT kapena HCT - Hematocrit | Zimayimira kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yomwe imakhala ndi maselo ofiira m'magazi athunthu | Pamwamba: Kutaya madzi m'thupi, polycythemia ndi mantha; Zochepa: Kuchepa kwa magazi, kutaya magazi kwambiri, matenda a impso, kusowa kwa ayoni ndi mapuloteni ndi sepsis. |
Hb - Mpweya wa magazi | Ndi chimodzi mwamagawo ofiira ofiira am'magazi ndipo ndi omwe amayang'anira ntchito yonyamula mpweya | Pamwamba: Polycythemia, kulephera kwa mtima, matenda am'mapapo komanso kumtunda; Zochepa: Mimba, kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchepa kwa magazi, thalassemia, khansa, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, matenda a chiwindi ndi lupus. |
Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, kuchuluka kwa magazi kuyeneranso kuwunika momwe amathandizira, chifukwa amathanso kuwonetsa matenda. Kuwunikaku kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito magawo otsatirawa a hematimetric:
- MCV kapena Average Corpuscular Volume:Amayeza kukula kwa maselo ofiira amwazi, omwe atha kuwonjezeka m'mitundu ina ya kuchepa kwa magazi, monga vitamini B12 kapena kusowa kwa folic acid, uchidakwa kapena kusintha kwa mafupa. Ngati yachepetsedwa, imatha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa chakuchepa kwachitsulo kapena chibadwa, monga Thalassemia, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani zambiri za VCM;
- HCM kapena Average Corpuscular Hemoglobin:imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin mwa kupenda kukula ndi mtundu wa selo lofiira la magazi. Onani zomwe HCM imatanthauza;
- CHCM (average corpuscular hemoglobin concentration): amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin pagazi lofiira, lomwe limachepetsedwa mu anemias, ndipo izi zimatchedwa hypochromia;
- RDW (Kugawa kwa maselo ofiira ofiira): ndi index yomwe imawonetsa kuchuluka kwakusiyana pakati pamaselo ofiira am'magazi, chifukwa chake, ngati pali maselo ofiira amitundu yosiyana mchitsanzo, mayesowo atha kusinthidwa, komwe kungakhale chitsimikizo cha kuyambika kwachitsulo kapena mavitamini akusowa anemias, mwachitsanzo, ndipo malingaliro awo ali pakati pa 10 mpaka 15%. Dziwani zambiri za RDW.
Pezani zambiri zamanambala owerengera magazi.
2. Maselo oyera amwazi (leukocyte)
Leukogram ndiyeso lofunika kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha munthuyo komanso momwe thupi lingachitire pazochitika zosiyanasiyana, monga matenda ndi zotupa, mwachitsanzo. Pamene ndende ya leukocyte ili okwera, vutolo limatchedwa leukocytosis, ndipo chosiyana, leukopenia. Onani momwe mungamvetsetse zotsatira zoyera zamagazi.
Ma Neutrophils | Pamwamba:Matenda, kutupa, khansa, zoopsa, kupsinjika, shuga kapena gout. Zochepa: Kuperewera kwa vitamini B12, sickle cell anemia, kugwiritsa ntchito ma steroids, pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena thrombocytopenic purpura. |
Zojambulajambula | Pamwamba: Matupi, mphutsi, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, zilonda zam'mimba kapena matenda a Hodgkin. Zochepa: Kugwiritsa ntchito beta-blockers, corticosteroids, kupsinjika, bakiteriya kapena ma virus. |
Basophils | Pamwamba: Pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa ndulu, myeloid leukemia, polycythemia, nthomba kapena matenda a Hodgkin. Zochepa: Hyperthyroidism, matenda opatsirana, mimba kapena mantha a anaphylactic. |
Ma lymphocyte | Pamwamba: Matenda opatsirana mononucleosis, matsagwidi, chikuku ndi matenda opatsirana. Zochepa: Matenda kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. |
Ma monocyte | Pamwamba: Monocytic leukemia, lipid storage disease, matenda a protozoal kapena matenda a zilonda zam'mimba. Zochepa: Kutaya magazi m'thupi. |
3. Mipata
Ma Platelet ndi zidutswa zamaselo zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa ndizoyambitsa kuyambika. Mtengo wabwinobwino wa magazi uzikhala pakati pa 150,000 mpaka 450,000 / mm³ yamagazi.
Mapaleti okwera kwambiri ndiodetsa nkhawa chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa magazi kuundana ndi thrombi, omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha thrombosis ndi embolism ya m'mapapo mwanga, mwachitsanzo. Akachepetsedwa, amatha kuonjezera kutaya magazi. Dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zomwe mungachite mukakhala ndi ma platelet otsika.