Kuyesa magazi kwa CBC

Kuyeza kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kumayesa izi:

• Chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira (RBC count)
• Chiwerengero cha maselo oyera amwazi (WBC count)
• Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi
• Kachigawo kakang'ono ka magazi kamapangidwa ndi maselo ofiira a magazi (hematocrit)

Mayeso a CBC amaperekanso zidziwitso pamiyeso yotsatirayi:

• Avereji ya kukula kwa maselo ofiira a magazi (MCV)
• Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin pamtundu wamagazi ofiira (MCH)
• Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yofanana ndi kukula kwa selo (hemoglobin concentration) pa khungu lofiira la magazi (MCHC)

Kuwerengera kwa ma platelet nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa mu CBC.

Muyenera kuyesa magazi.

Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera kofunikira.

Singano ikalowetsedwa kuti mutenge magazi, mutha kumva kupweteka pang'ono. Anthu ena amangomva kubaya kapena kuluma. Pambuyo pake pakhoza kukhala kupunduka kapena kuvulala pang'ono. Izi posachedwa zichoka.

CBC ndiyomwe amayesa labu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze kapena kuwunika zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaumoyo. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso awa:

• Monga gawo la chizolowezi chofufuza
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, monga kutopa, kuchepa thupi, malungo kapena zizindikilo zina za matenda, kufooka, kufinya, kutaya magazi, kapena zizindikilo zilizonse za khansa
• Mukalandira chithandizo (mankhwala kapena radiation) zomwe zingasinthe kuchuluka kwama magazi anu
• Kuwunika vuto lalitali (losatha) lomwe lingasinthe kuchuluka kwamawuto anu, monga matenda a impso

Kuwerengera kwa magazi kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mwambiri, zotsatira zabwinobwino ndi izi:

Kuwerengera kwa RBC:

• Amuna: maselo 4.7 mpaka 6.1 miliyoni / mcL
• Mkazi: masentimita 4.2 mpaka 5.4 miliyoni / mcL

Chiwerengero cha WBC:

• Maselo 4,500 mpaka 10,000 / mcL

Hematocrit:

• Amuna: 40.7% mpaka 50.3%
• Mkazi: 36.1% mpaka 44.3%

Hemoglobini:

• Amuna: 13.8 mpaka 17.2 gm / dL
• Mkazi: 12.1 mpaka 15.1 gm / dL

Zizindikiro zofiira m'magazi:

• MCV: femtoliter 80 mpaka 95
• MCH: 27 mpaka 31 pg / cell
• MCHC: 32 mpaka 36 gm / dL

Chiwerengero cha ma Platelet:

• 150,000 mpaka 450,000 / dL

Zitsanzo pamwambapa ndizoyesa wamba pazotsatira za mayesowa. Mitengo yamtengo wapatali imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa ma labotore osiyanasiyana. Ma lab ena amagwiritsa ntchito miyeso yosiyanasiyana kapena amayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu zoyesa.

High RBC, hemoglobin, kapena hematocrit itha kukhala chifukwa cha:

• Kusowa madzi ndi madzi okwanira, monga kutsekula m'mimba, thukuta kwambiri, kapena mapiritsi amadzi ogwiritsira ntchito kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Impso matenda ndi erythropoietin mkulu kupanga
• Kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda amtima kapena m'mapapo
• Polycythemia vera
• Kusuta

Low RBC, hemoglobin, kapena hematocrit ndi chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha:

• Kutaya magazi (mwadzidzidzi, kapena mavuto ena monga kusamba nthawi yayitali)
• Kulephera kwa mafupa a mafupa (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku radiation, matenda, kapena chotupa)
• Kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi (hemolysis)
• Khansa ndi chithandizo cha khansa
• Matenda ena okhalitsa, monga matenda a impso, ulcerative colitis, kapena nyamakazi
• Khansa ya m'magazi
• Matenda a nthawi yayitali monga hepatitis
• Zakudya zoperewera komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zimayambitsa chitsulo chochepa kwambiri, folate, vitamini B12, kapena vitamini B6
• Myeloma yambiri

Maselo oyera amagazi ochepa amatchedwa leukopenia. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa WBC kungakhale chifukwa cha:

• Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (monga systemic lupus erythematosus)
• Kulephera kwa mafupa a mafupa (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha matenda, chotupa, radiation, kapena fibrosis)
• Chemotherapy mankhwala omwe amachiza khansa
• Matenda a chiwindi kapena ndulu
• Kukula kwa nthata
• Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ma virus, monga mono kapena AIDS
• Mankhwala

Kuwerengera kwakukulu kwa WBC kumatchedwa leukocytosis. Zitha kubwera kuchokera ku:

• Mankhwala ena, monga corticosteroids
• Matenda
• Matenda monga lupus, nyamakazi, kapena ziwengo
• Khansa ya m'magazi
• Kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe kapena kwakuthupi
• Kuwonongeka kwa minofu (monga kuyaka kapena matenda amtima)

Kuchuluka kwamaplatelet kungakhale chifukwa cha:

• Magazi
• Matenda monga khansa
• Kuperewera kwachitsulo
• Mavuto ndi mafupa

Chiwerengero chochepa cha maplatelet chingakhale chifukwa cha:

• Kusokonezeka komwe ma platelet amawonongeka
• Mimba
• Kukula kwa nthata
• Kulephera kwa mafupa a mafupa (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha matenda, chotupa, radiation, kapena fibrosis)
• Chemotherapy mankhwala omwe amachiza khansa

Pali chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chokhudzidwa ndi magazi anu. Mitsempha ndi mitsempha imasiyana mosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa munthu wina kupita kwina, komanso kuchokera mbali imodzi ya thupi kupita mbali inayo. Kutenga magazi kuchokera kwa anthu ena kumatha kukhala kovuta kuposa ena.

Zowopsa zina zomwe zimakoka magazi ndi zochepa, koma mwina ndi izi:

• Kutaya magazi kwambiri
• Kukomoka kapena kumva mopepuka
• Hematoma (magazi akuchuluka pansi pa khungu)
• Kutenga (chiopsezo chochepa nthawi iliyonse khungu likasweka)

Ma hemBClobin oyendetsa ma RBC omwe amatenga mpweya. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolandiridwa ndi minyewa yamthupi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a RBCs ndi hemoglobin.

Ma WBC ndiwo mkhalapakati wa zotupa komanso mayankho amthupi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma WBC omwe amawonekera m'magazi:

• Neutrophils (ma polymorphonuclear leukocyte)
• Maselo a bandi (ma neutrophils ang'onoang'ono)
• Ma lymphocyte amtundu wa T (maselo a T)
• Ma lymphocyte amtundu wa B (maselo a B)
• Ma monocyte
• Zojambulajambula
• Basophils

Kuchuluka kwa magazi; Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi - CBC

• Maselo ofiira ofiira, khungu la chikwakwa
• Anemia of Megaloblastic - kuwona kwa maselo ofiira ofiira
• Maselo ofiira ofiira, mawonekedwe akugwetsa misozi
• Maselo ofiira ofiira - abwinobwino
• Maselo ofiira ofiira - elliptocytosis
• Maselo ofiira ofiira - spherocytosis
• Maselo ofiira ofiira - maselo angapo azizindikiro
• Basophil (kutseka)
• Malungo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta majeremusi am'manja
• Malungo, photomicrograph yama parasites am'manja
• Maselo ofiira ofiira - maselo a zenga
• Maselo Ofiira - chikwakwa ndi Pappenheimer
• Maselo ofiira ofiira, maselo olunjika
• Zinthu zopangidwa zamagazi
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwamagazi - mndandanda

Bunn HF. Yandikirani ku anemias. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 158.

Costa K. Hematology. Mu: Chipatala cha Johns Hopkins; Hughes HK, Kahl LK, okonza. Chipatala cha Johns Hopkins: Harriet Lane Handbook. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 14.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Kuwunika koyambirira kwamagazi ndi mafupa. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 22nd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 30.