Matenda a mtima

Matenda amtima ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi ndi mpweya pamtima. Matenda a mtima (CHD) amatchedwanso matenda amitsempha yamagazi.

CHD ndi yomwe imayambitsa kufa kwambiri ku United States abambo ndi amai.

CHD imayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zolengeza mumitsempha yamtima wanu. Izi zingathenso kutchedwa kuuma kwa mitsempha.

• Zinthu zamafuta ndi zinthu zina zimapanga zolengeza pamakoma amitsempha yanu yamitsempha. Mitsempha yamagazi imabweretsa magazi ndi mpweya pamtima panu.
• Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti mitsempha ikhale yopapatiza.
• Zotsatira zake, magazi amayenda mpaka pamtima amatha kutsika kapena kuima.

Choopsa cha matenda amtima ndichinthu chomwe chimakulitsa mwayi wanu wopeza. Simungasinthe zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda amtima, koma mutha kusintha zina.

Nthawi zina, zizindikilo zimatha kuwonekera kwambiri. Koma, mutha kukhala ndi matendawa osakhala ndi zisonyezo. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa matenda amtima.

Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusapeza bwino (angina) ndichizindikiro chofala kwambiri. Mumamva kupweteka uku pamene mtima sukupeza magazi okwanira kapena mpweya wokwanira. Ululu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi munthu wina ndi mnzake.

• Zitha kumva kukhala zolemetsa kapena ngati wina akufinya mtima wanu. Mutha kuzimva pansi pa fupa la m'mawere (sternum). Mutha kumazimvanso m'khosi mwanu, mikono, mimba, kapena kumtunda.
• Kupweteka kumachitika nthawi zambiri ndi zochitika kapena kutengeka. Amachoka ndi kupumula kapena mankhwala otchedwa nitroglycerin.
• Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kupuma pang'ono komanso kutopa ndi zochitika (kuyesetsa).

Anthu ena ali ndi zizindikiro zina kupatula kupweteka pachifuwa, monga:

• Kutopa
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kufooka kwakukulu

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakuyesani. Nthawi zambiri mumafunikira mayeso opitilira umodzi musanapeze matenda.

Kuyesa kuyesa kwa CHD kungaphatikizepo:

• Coronary angiography - Kuyesa kovuta komwe kumawunika mitsempha ya mtima pansi pa x-ray.
• Kuyesedwa kwa Echocardiogram.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG).
• Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) kufunafuna calcium m'mbali mwa mitsempha. Kashiamu wochuluka, amakulitsa mwayi wanu wa CHD.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kujambula mtima kwa CT.
• Kuyesa kwa kupsinjika kwa nyukiliya.

Mutha kufunsidwa kuti mutenge mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda ashuga, kapena kuchuluka kwama cholesterol. Tsatirani malangizo a omwe akukuthandizani kuti muteteze CHD kuti isafike poipa.

Zolinga zothanirana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi CHD:

• Magazi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima ndi ochepera 130/80, koma omwe amakupatsani angakulimbikitseni mtundu wina wamagazi.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, magulu anu a HbA1c adzayang'aniridwa ndikutsitsidwa pamlingo womwe woperekayo angakulimbikitseni.
• LDL cholesterol yanu idzatsitsidwa ndi mankhwala a statin.

Chithandizo chimadalira zizindikiro zanu komanso momwe matendawa aliri oopsa. Muyenera kudziwa za:

• Mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira angina.
• Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukakhala ndi ululu pachifuwa.
• Kukhala achangu mukakhala ndi matenda amtima.
• Kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi pamtima.

Osasiya kumwa mankhwala anu musanalankhule ndi omwe akukuthandizani. Kuyimitsa mankhwala amtima mwadzidzidzi kumatha kukulitsa angina kapena kuyambitsa matenda amtima.

Mutha kutumizidwa ku pulogalamu yokonzanso mtima kuti ikuthandizireni kukhala wolimba mtima.

Ndondomeko ndi maopaleshoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza CHD ndi awa:

• Angioplasty and stent placement, wotchedwa percutaneous coronary interriers (PCIs)
• Mitsempha ya Coronary imadutsa opaleshoni
• Opaleshoni ya mtima yochepa kwambiri

Aliyense amachira mosiyana. Anthu ena amatha kukhala athanzi posintha momwe amadyera, kusiya kusuta, komanso kumwa mankhwala awo monga adanenera. Ena angafunikire chithandizo chamankhwala monga angioplasty kapena opaleshoni.

Mwambiri, kuzindikira kwa CHD koyambirira kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.

Ngati muli ndi zoopsa zilizonse za CHD, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi wokhudzana ndi kupewa komanso njira zothandizila.

Imbani wothandizira wanu, imbani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911), kapena pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa nthawi yomweyo ngati muli:

• Angina kapena kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima

Chitani izi kuti muteteze matenda amtima.

• Ngati mumasuta, siyani. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kusiya kusuta.
• Phunzirani momwe mungadye chakudya chopatsa thanzi popanga zina m'malo mwake. Mwachitsanzo, sankhani mafuta athanzi pamtima kuposa batala ndi mafuta ena odzaza.
• Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi, osachepera mphindi 30 masiku ambiri. Ngati muli ndi matenda amtima, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani kuti muyambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Sungani thupi lanu lathanzi.
• Chepetsani cholesterol kwambiri ndimomwe moyo umasinthira, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, mankhwala a statin.
• Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya ndi mankhwala.
• Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani za aspirin.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, sungani bwino kuti muteteze matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.

Ngakhale mutakhala ndi matenda amtima kale, kuchita izi kungathandize kuteteza mtima wanu ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwina.

Matenda amtima, Matenda amtima, Coronary artery disease; Matenda a mtima a Arteriosclerotic; CHD; CAD

• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo - P2Y12 inhibitors
• Aspirin ndi matenda amtima
• Musanachite opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Cholesterol - mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Mafuta azakudya anafotokoza
• Malangizo achangu
• Opaleshoni yolambalala m'mimba - kutulutsa
• Opaleshoni ya mtima - kutulutsa
• Opaleshoni yamtima - yotulutsa pang'ono - kutulutsa
• Matenda a mtima - zoopsa
• Kulephera kwa mtima - kutulutsa
• Mtima kulephera - madzi ndi okodzetsa
• Kulephera kwa mtima - kuwunika nyumba
• Mtima pacemaker - kutulutsa
• Momwe mungawerenge zolemba za chakudya
• Chodetsa cha mtima wamafuta - kutulutsa
• Laparoscopic chapamimba banding - kumaliseche
• Zakudya zamcherecherere
• Zakudya zaku Mediterranean

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mtima - kuwonera kutsogolo
• Mitsempha yamkati yamkati
• Mitsempha yamtima yakumbuyo
• MI yovuta
• Opanga cholesterol

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Maliko AR. Ntchito yamtima ndi kuzungulira kwa magazi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 47.

Morrow DA, de Lemos JA. Khola matenda amtima ischemic. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 61.

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, ndi al. 2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA Malangizo Othandizira Kupewa, Kuzindikira, Kuwunika, ndi Kuwongolera Kuthamanga kwa Magazi Aakulu Mwa Akuluakulu: Lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Gulu Lantchito ya Mtima pa Maupangiri Achipatala. [Kukonza kofalitsa kumapezeka mu J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71 (19): 2275-2279]. J Ndine Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71 (19): e127-e248. PMID: 29146535 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/.