Matenda oopsa opuma (SARS)

Matenda oopsa a kupuma (SARS) ndi mtundu waukulu wa chibayo. Kutenga kachilombo ka SARS kumayambitsa kupuma kwamphamvu (kupuma movutikira), ndipo nthawi zina kumwalira.

Nkhaniyi ikunena za kubuka kwa SARS komwe kudachitika mu 2003. Kuti mumve zambiri za kubuka kwa matenda a coronavirus a 2019, chonde onani Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

SARS imayambitsidwa ndi SARS yokhudzana ndi coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Ndi amodzi mwa ma virus a coronavirus (banja lomwelo lomwe lingayambitse chimfine). Mliri wa SARS udayamba mu 2003 pomwe kachilomboka kamafalikira kuchokera kuzinyama zazing'ono kupita kwa anthu ku China. Izi zidafalikira mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi, koma zidapezeka mu 2003. Palibe milandu yatsopano ya SARS yomwe yakhala ikudziwika kuyambira 2004.

Munthu amene ali ndi SARS akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, madontho omwe ali ndi kachilombo amapopera m'mwamba. Mutha kutenga kachilombo ka SARS ngati mupuma kapena kugwira tinthu timeneti. Kachilombo ka SARS kakhoza kukhala m'manja, m'matumba, ndi m'malo ena mpaka maola angapo m'madontho. Tizilomboti titha kukhala ndi moyo miyezi kapena zaka pamene kuzizira sikukuzizira.

Ngakhale kufalikira kwa madontho kudzera kulumikizana kwapafupi kunayambitsa milandu yambiri ya SARS, SARS itha kufalikiranso ndi manja ndi zinthu zina zomwe madontho adakhudza. Kutumiza kwa ndege kumakhala kotheka nthawi zina. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka ngakhale m'mipando ya anthu omwe ali ndi SARS, pomwe awonetsedwa kuti amakhala mpaka masiku anayi.

Ndi ma coronaviruses ena, kutenga kachilombo ndiyeno kudwalanso (kubwezeretsanso) ndizofala. Izi zitha kukhalanso choncho ndi SARS.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena 10 mutakumana ndi kachilomboka. Nthawi zina, SARS idayamba posachedwa kapena pambuyo pake. Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zodwala amapatsirana. Koma sikudziwika kuti munthu akhoza kutenga kachilombo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji pambuyo poti zizindikiro zawonekera.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:

• Tsokomola
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kutentha kwa 100.4 ° F (38.0 ° C) kapena kupitilira apo
• Zizindikiro zina za kupuma

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kuzizira ndikugwedezeka
• Kukhosomola, kumayamba masiku 2 kapena 7 pambuyo pa zizindikilo zina
• Mutu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kutopa

Zizindikiro zochepa zimaphatikizapo:

• Chifuwa chomwe chimatulutsa phlegm (sputum)
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Chizungulire
• Nseru ndi kusanza

Kwa anthu ena, matenda am'mapapo amakula sabata yachiwiri yakudwala, ngakhale malungo atasiya.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amatha kumva phokoso lachilendo m'mapapo mukumvetsera pachifuwa chanu ndi stethoscope. Mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi SARS, chifuwa cha x-ray kapena chifuwa cha CT chimawonetsa chibayo, chomwe chimafanana ndi SARS.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira SARS atha kukhala:

• Mitsempha yamagazi yamagazi
• Mayeso okutira magazi
• Kuyesedwa kwa magazi
• X-ray pachifuwa kapena chifuwa CT scan
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa SARS ndi awa:

• Mayeso a antibody a SARS
• Kudzipatula kwachindunji kwa kachilombo ka SARS
• Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kuyesa kachilombo ka SARS

Mayeso onse apano ali ndi zolephera zina. Atha kulephera kuzindikira mlandu wa SARS sabata yoyamba ya matenda, pomwe kuli kofunika kwambiri kuti muwuzindikire.

Anthu omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi SARS ayenera kuwunika nthawi yomweyo ndi omwe amapereka. Ngati akukayikiridwa kuti ali ndi SARS, akuyenera kukhala kuchipatala.

Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Maantibayotiki ochiza mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chibayo (mpaka chibayo cha bakiteriya sichitha kapena ngati pali chibayo cha bakiteriya kuphatikiza pa SARS)
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo (ngakhale ntchito ya SARS siyikudziwika)
• Mlingo waukulu wa steroids wochepetsa kutupa m'mapapu (sizidziwika momwe amagwirira ntchito)
• Oxygen, chithandizo chopumira (makina opumira mpweya), kapena mankhwala pachifuwa

M'milandu yovuta kwambiri, gawo lamwazi lamagazi lochokera kwa anthu omwe achira kale ku SARS laperekedwa ngati chithandizo.

Palibe umboni wamphamvu wosonyeza kuti mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwino. Pali umboni kuti mankhwala a antiviral, ribavirin, sagwira ntchito.

Pachiyambi cha 2003, kuchuluka kwa imfa kuchokera ku SARS kunali 9% mpaka 12% ya omwe adapezeka. Mwa anthu opitilira zaka 65, kuchuluka kwaimfa kunali kwakukulu kuposa 50%. Matendawa anali ochepa pakati pa achinyamata.

Kwa anthu okalamba, anthu ambiri adadwala mokwanira amafunikira kupuma. Ndipo anthu ochulukirachulukira amayenera kupita kuchipatala.

Ndondomeko zaumoyo wa anthu zakhala zothandiza poletsa kufalikira. Mayiko ambiri athetsa mliriwu m'maiko awo. Maiko onse akuyenera kupitiliza kusamala kuti matendawa azilamuliridwa. Ma virus mu banja la coronavirus amadziwika kuti amatha kusintha (mutate) kuti afalikire pakati pa anthu.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kulephera kupuma
• Kulephera kwa chiwindi
• Mtima kulephera
• Mavuto a impso

Imbani omwe akukuthandizani ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mwakhala mukugwirizana naye kwambiri muli ndi SARS.

Pakadali pano, palibe kufalikira kwa SARS kulikonse padziko lapansi. Ngati kubuka kwa SARS kukuchitika, kuchepetsa kuyanjana kwanu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi SARS kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha matendawa. Pewani kuyenda kumalo komwe kuli kufalikira kosalamulirika kwa SARS. Ngati kuli kotheka, pewani kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi SARS mpaka masiku khumi atatha malungo ndi zizindikiritso zina.

• Ukhondo wamanja ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popewa SARS. Sambani m'manja kapena muyeretseni ndi choyeretsera dzanja cham'manja.
• Phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno mukamayetsemula kapena kutsokomola. Madontho omwe amatulutsidwa pamene munthu ayetsemula kapena akutsokomola amakhala opatsirana.
• OSAGA nawo chakudya, chakumwa, kapena ziwiya.
• Tsukani malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amavomerezedwa ndi EPA.

Maski ndi timagalasi titha kukhala tothandiza popewa kufalikira kwa matendawa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi mukamagwira zinthu zomwe mwina zakhudza madontho omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

SARS; Kulephera kupuma - SARS; SARS coronavirus; SARS-NKHANI

• Mapapo
• Dongosolo kupuma

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Matenda oopsa a kupuma (SARS). www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 6, 2017. Idapezeka pa Marichi 16, 2020.

Gerber SI, Watson JT. Tizilombo twa corona. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 342.

Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, kuphatikizapo matenda oopsa a kupuma (SARS) ndi Middle East kupuma matenda (MERS). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 155.