Kukhazikitsa kwa Cochlear

Kukhazikika kwa cochlear ndi chida chaching'ono chamagetsi chomwe chimathandiza anthu kumva. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ogontha kapena osamva kwambiri.

Kukhazikika kwa cochlear si chinthu chofanana ndi chithandizo chothandizira kumva. Amayikidwapo mochita opaleshoni, ndipo imagwira ntchito mosiyana.

Pali mitundu yambiri yazomera zama cochlear. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi magawo angapo ofanana.

• Gawo limodzi la chipangizocho limayikidwa mu fupa lozungulira khutu (fupa lanthawi). Zimapangidwa ndi wolandila-wolimbikitsira, womwe umavomereza, kuwunika, kenako ndikutumiza chizindikiro chamagetsi kuubongo.
• Gawo lachiwiri lokhazikika kwa cochlear ndi chida chakunja. Izi zimapangidwa ndi maikolofoni / wolandila, purosesa yolankhula, ndi tinyanga. Mbali imeneyi ya zinthu zimene zimadzala imalandira mawuwo, imasintha mawuwo kukhala chizindikiro cha magetsi, ndipo imawatumizira m'kati mwa choikacho.

NDANI AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO YABWINO YABWINO?

Zomera za Cochlear zimalola anthu osamva kuti alandire ndikusintha mawu ndi mayankhulidwe. Komabe, zida izi sizimabwezeretsa kumva kwabwinobwino. Ndi zida zomwe zimalola kuti mawu ndi zolankhula zikonzedwe ndikutumizidwa kuubongo.

Kukhazikika kwa cochlear sikokwanira kwa aliyense. Momwe munthu amasankhidwira ma cochlear implants akusintha momwe kumvetsetsa kwa njira zakumvera zamaubongo (zamakutu) zikuyenda bwino ndikusintha kwaukadaulo.

Onse ana ndi akulu atha kukhala oyenera kupanga zolumikizira za cochlear. Anthu omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi mwina adabadwa osamva kapena kukhala ogontha ataphunzira kulankhula. Ana aang'ono ngati 1 chaka chimodzi tsopano akufuna opaleshoniyi. Ngakhale zofunikira ndizosiyana pang'ono kwa akulu ndi ana, zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malangizo ofanana:

• Munthuyo ayenera kukhala wogontha kwathunthu kapena pafupifupi wogontha m'makutu onse awiri, ndipo asatukuke ndi zothandizira kumva. Aliyense amene angamve bwino ndi zothandizira kumva sioyenera kuyika miche yama cochlear.
• Munthuyo ayenera kukhala wolimbikitsidwa kwambiri. Pambuyo poika cochlear, ayenera kuphunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chipangizocho.
• Munthuyo ayenera kukhala ndi ziyembekezo zabwino pazomwe zidzachitike atachitidwa opaleshoni. Chipangizocho sichimabwezeretsa kapena kupanga kumva "kwachilendo".
• Ana ayenera kulembedwa m'mapulogalamu omwe amawathandiza kuphunzira momwe angamvetsere mawu.
• Kuti muwone ngati munthu ali woyenera kupanga chomera, munthuyo ayenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wa khutu, mphuno, ndi mmero (ENT) (otolaryngologist). Anthu adzafunikiranso mitundu yoyeserera yakumva yochitidwa ndi zida zawo zothandizira kumva.
• Izi zitha kuphatikizira CT scan kapena MRI scan yaubongo ndi khutu lapakati komanso lamkati.
• Anthu (makamaka ana) angafunikire kuyesedwa ndi katswiri wazamaganizidwe kuti adziwe ngati ali oyenera.

MMENE NTCHITO

Phokoso limafalikira kudzera mumlengalenga.M'makutu abwinobwino, mafunde amawu amapangitsa kuti eardrum ndiyeno mafupa akumutu apakati agwedezeke. Izi zimatumiza kugwedeza kwamakutu amkati (cochlea). Mafundewa amatembenuzidwa ndi cochlea kukhala zida zamagetsi, zomwe zimatumizidwa pamitsempha yamakutu kupita kuubongo.

Munthu wogontha alibe khutu lamkati logwira ntchito. Kukhazikika kwa cochlear kumayesa m'malo mwa khutu lamkati potembenuza mawu kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu imeneyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mitsempha ya cochlear (mitsempha ya kumva), kutumiza ma "sound" amawu kuubongo.

• Phokoso limatengedwa ndi maikolofoni ovala pafupi ndi khutu. Phokosoli limatumizidwa kwa purosesa yolankhula, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi maikolofoni ndipo imavala kuseri kwa khutu.
• Phokosolo limasanthulidwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala ma siginolo amagetsi, omwe amatumizidwa kwa wolandila wopanga opaleshoni kuseri kwa khutu. Wolandirayo amatumiza chizindikirocho kudzera pa waya kulowa khutu lamkati.
• Kuchokera pamenepo, zikoka zamagetsi zimatumizidwa kuubongo.

MMENE ZIMAKONZEDWA

Kuchita opaleshoni:

• Mukalandira mankhwala oletsa ululu ambiri, ndiye kuti mukugona komanso kumva kupweteka.
• Kudula opareshoni kumapangidwa kuseri kwa khutu, nthawi zina pambuyo pometa mbali ina ya tsitsi kuseri kwa khutu.
• Ma microscope ndi mafupa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula fupa kuseri kwa khutu (mastoid bone) kuloleza kuti mkati mwake mulowetsedwe.
• Gulu lamagetsi limadutsa khutu lamkati (cochlea).
• Wolandirayo amaikidwa m'thumba lopangidwa kuseri kwa khutu. Thumba limathandiza kuti likhale m'malo mwake ndikuonetsetsa kuti layandikira pakhungu kulola kuti zamagetsi zizitumizidwa kuchokera pachidacho. Chitsime chimatha kubowoleredwa mu fupa kuseri kwa khutu kotero kuti kuyika sikungayende pansi pa khungu.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni:

• Padzakhala zolumikizira kuseri kwa khutu.
• Mutha kumva kuti wolandirayo ndi bampu kumbuyo khutu.
• Tsitsi lililonse lometedwa liyenera kukula.
• Gawo lakunja la chipangizocho lidzaikidwa 1 mpaka 4 masabata atachitidwa opareshoni kuti ipatse nthawi yoyamba kuti ichiritse.

ZOOPSA ZA MABODZA

Kukhazikika kwa cochlear ndi opaleshoni yotetezeka. Komabe, maopaleshoni onse amakhala ndi zoopsa zina. Zowopsa sizodziwika poti opaleshoniyo imachitika kudzera pakucheka pang'ono, koma mwina ndi awa:

• Mavuto ochiritsa mabala
• Kuwonongeka kwa khungu pachida chokhazikitsidwa
• Matenda pafupi ndi malo opangira

Zovuta zochepa wamba ndi izi:

• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imasuntha nkhope yake mbali ya opaleshoniyi
• Kutayikira kwamadzimadzi ozungulira ubongo (cerebrospinal fluid)
• Kutenga madzi amadzimadzi ozungulira ubongo (meningitis)
• Chizungulire kwakanthawi (vertigo)
• Kulephera kwa chipangizochi kuti kugwire ntchito
• Kukoma kosazolowereka

BWERETSANI PAMBUYO PA MAGAZINI

Mutha kulowa mchipatala usiku wonse kuti mukakuoneni. Komabe, zipatala zambiri tsopano zimalola anthu kuti azipita kwawo tsiku la opareshoni. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amakupatsani mankhwala opweteka komanso nthawi zina maantibayotiki kuti mupewe matenda. Madokotala ambiri amaika chovala chachikulu pakhutu lomwe lachita opaleshoni. Mavalidwe amachotsedwa tsiku lotsatira opaleshoni.

Patadutsa sabata kapena kupitilira opaleshoni, gawo lakunja la chomera cha cochlear limasungidwa kwa wolandila-wolimbikitsira yemwe adayikika kumbuyo kwa khutu. Pakadali pano, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho.

Malo opangira opaleshoni atachira bwino, ndikulowetsedwa ndikulumikizidwa ndi purosesa wakunja, mudzayamba kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri kuti muphunzire "kumva" ndikusintha mawu pogwiritsa ntchito konkire. Akatswiriwa atha kuphatikiza:

• Akatswiri omvera
• Othandizira olankhula
• Makutu, mphuno, ndi mmero madokotala (otolaryngologists)

Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pantchitoyi. Muyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi gulu lanu la akatswiri kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi kubzala.

KUWONEKA

Zotsatira zokhala ndi ma cochlear implants zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mumachita bwino bwanji zimadalira:

• Mkhalidwe wa mitsempha yomvera isanachitike opaleshoni
• Maluso anu amalingaliro
• Chida chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito
• Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe munali ogontha
• Kuchita opaleshoni

Anthu ena amatha kuphunzira kulankhulana pafoni. Ena amangodziwa phokoso. Kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kumatha kutenga zaka zingapo, ndipo muyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Anthu ambiri amalembetsa nawo mapulogalamu othandizira kukonzanso kumva.

KUKHALA NDI CHIDWALITSO

Mukachira, pali zoletsa zochepa. Ntchito zambiri zimaloledwa. Komabe, omwe amakupatsani akhoza kukuwuzani kuti mupewe masewera olumikizana nawo kuti muchepetse mwayi wovulala ndi chipangizocho.

Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi ma cochlear sangathe kupeza sikani ya MRI, chifukwa kuyikako kumapangidwa ndi chitsulo.

Kutaya kwakumva - kukhazikika kwa cochlear; Sensorineural - cochlear; Ogontha - cochlear; Kugontha - cochlear

• Kutulutsa khutu
• Kukhazikitsa kwa Cochlear

McJunkin JL, Buchman C. Cochlear okhazikika mwa akuluakulu. Mu: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, olemba. Opaleshoni ya Otolaryngology Mutu ndi Khosi Opaleshoni. Wachitatu ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 137.

Naples JG, Ruckenstein MJ. Kukhazikitsa kwa Cochlear. Chipatala cha Otolaryngol North Am. 2019; 53 (1): 87-102 PMID: 31677740 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31677740/.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Zomera za Cochlear za ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi vuto losamva kwambiri. Malangizo pakuwunikira ukadaulo. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta566. Idasindikizidwa pa Marichi 7, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 23, 2020.

[Nkhani yaulere ya PMC] [Adasankhidwa] Roland JL, Ray WZ, Leuthardt EC. Ma Neuroprosthetics. Mu: Winn HR, mkonzi. Opaleshoni ya Youmans ndi Winn Neurological. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 109.

Vohr B. Kutaya kwakumva kwa khanda lobadwa kumene. Mu: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, olemba., Eds. Fanaroff ndi Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 59.