Wodziwika bwino wa hypercholesterolemia

Banja hypercholesterolemia ndi vuto lomwe limafalikira kudzera m'mabanja. Zimapangitsa kuti cholesterol cha LDL (choyipa) chikhale chambiri. Vutoli limayamba pakubadwa ndipo limatha kuyambitsa matenda amtima adakali aang'ono.

Zina zokhudzana ndi izi:

• Wodziwika kuphatikiza hyperlipidemia
• Wodziwika bwino wa hypertriglyceridemia
• Odwala dysbetalipoproteinemia

Wodziwika bwino hypercholesterolemia ndimatenda amtundu. Zimayambitsidwa ndi vuto pa chromosome 19.

Cholakwikacho chimapangitsa thupi kulephera kuchotsa mafuta otsika a lipoprotein (LDL, kapena oyipa) m'magazi. Izi zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa LDL m'magazi. Izi zimakupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi mitsempha yocheperako yochokera ku atherosclerosis mudakali achichepere. Vutoli limaperekedwa kudzera m'mabanja m'njira yodziyimira payokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kungopeza jini yosazolowereka kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi kuti mutenge matendawa.

Nthawi zambiri, mwana amatha kulandira cholowa kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri. Izi zikachitika, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima ndi matenda amtima ndichokwera, ngakhale ali mwana.

M'zaka zoyambirira sipangakhale zisonyezo.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike ndi monga:

• Khungu lodzala mafuta lotchedwa xanthomas pamiyendo ya manja, zigongono, mawondo, akakolo ndi kuzungulira diso lakumaso
• Cholesterol yomwe imayika m'maso mwake (xanthelasmas)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa (angina) kapena zizindikiro zina zamatenda amitsempha zimatha kupezeka mudakali aang'ono
• Kuponda mwana mmodzi kapena onse awiri poyenda
• Zilonda zakumapazi zomwe sizichira
• Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi monga kupweteka kuyankhula, kutsamira mbali imodzi ya nkhope, kufooka kwa mkono kapena mwendo, komanso kuchepa

Kuyezetsa thupi kumatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa khungu lotchedwa xanthomas ndi cholesterol m'maso (corneal arcus).

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzafunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi mbiri yanu yazachipatala komanso yabanja. Pakhoza kukhala:

• Mbiri yolimba yabanja yokhudzana ndi hypercholesterolemia kapena matenda amtima msanga
• Mulingo wapamwamba wa cholesterol ya LDL mwa makolo onse kapena onse awiri

Anthu ochokera m'mabanja omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino yakumenyedwa kwamtima koyambirira ayenera kuyezetsa magazi kuti adziwe milingo ya lipid.

Mayeso amwazi atha kuwonetsa:

• Mulingo wambiri wama cholesterol
• Mulingo wapamwamba wa LDL
• Mulingo wabwinobwino wa triglyceride

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kafukufuku wamaselo otchedwa fibroblast kuti awone momwe thupi limayamwitsa LDL cholesterol
• Mayeso amtundu wa cholakwika chokhudzana ndi izi

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa matenda a mtima a atherosclerotic. Anthu omwe amalandira mtundu umodzi wokha wa jini wosalongosoka kuchokera kwa makolo awo atha kuchita bwino atasintha zakudya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

ZINTHU ZIMASINTHA

Gawo loyamba ndikusintha zomwe mumadya. Nthawi zambiri, woperekayo amalimbikitsa kuti muyese izi kwa miyezi ingapo musanapereke mankhwala. Zosintha pazakudya zimaphatikizapo kutsitsa mafuta omwe mumadya kuti akhale ochepera 30% yama calories anu onse. Ngati mukulemera kwambiri, kuonda ndikothandiza kwambiri.

Nazi njira zina zochepetsera mafuta okhutira pazakudya zanu:

• Musamadye kwambiri ng'ombe, nkhuku, nkhumba, ndi mwanawankhosa
• Sinthanitsani mkaka wamafuta athunthu ndi mafuta ochepa
• Chotsani mafuta opatsirana

Mutha kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe mumadya pothetsa ma dzira azinyama ndi nyama monga ziwindi.

Kungakhale kothandiza kulankhula ndi katswiri wa kadyedwe amene angakupatseni malangizo pankhani yosintha kadyedwe kanu. Kuchepetsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumathandizanso kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi.

MANKHWALA

Ngati kusintha kwa moyo wanu sikusintha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, woperekayo angakulimbikitseni kuti mumwe mankhwala. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe angathandize kutsitsa magazi m'magazi, ndipo amagwira ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ena ali bwino kutsitsa cholesterol cha LDL, ena ali bwino kutsitsa triglycerides, pomwe ena amathandizira kukweza cholesterol cha HDL. Anthu ambiri azikhala ndi mankhwala angapo.

Mankhwala a Statin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo ndi othandiza kwambiri. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi kupwetekedwa mtima.

Zikuphatikizapo:

• Lovastatin (Mevacor)
• Pravastatin (Pravachol)
• Simvastatin (Zocor)
• Fluvastatin (Lescol)
• Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
• Pitivastatin (Livalo)
• Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Mankhwala ena ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi ndi awa:

• Mabotolo osakaniza asidi.
• Ezetimibe.
• Fibrate (monga gemfibrozil kapena fenofibrate).
• Nicotinic asidi.
• PCSK9 inhibitors, monga alirocumab (Praluent) ndi evolocumab (Repatha). Izi zikuyimira gulu latsopano la mankhwala ochiza cholesterol.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matendawa angafunike chithandizo chotchedwa apheresis. Magazi kapena plasma amachotsedwa mthupi. Zosefera zapadera zimachotsa cholesterol cha LDL chowonjezera, ndipo madzi am'magazi amabwezedwa mthupi.

Momwe mumakhalira bwino zimatengera momwe mumatsatirira mwatsatanetsatane upangiri wa omwe akukuthandizani. Kusintha zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kumwa mankhwala molondola kumachepetsa cholesterol. Zosinthazi zitha kuthandiza kuchedwetsa matenda amtima, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowopsa.

Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi mabanja a hypercholesterolemia nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chodwala matenda amtima msanga.

Kuopsa kwaimfa kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi hypercholesterolemia. Ngati mungatengere mitundu iwiri ya jini losalongosoka, mumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Mtundu wamtundu wa hypercholesterolemia suyankha bwino kuchipatala ndipo ungayambitse matenda amtima msanga.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Matenda a mtima adakali aang'ono
• Matenda a mtima
• Sitiroko
• Matenda a m'mitsempha

Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukumva kupweteka pachifuwa kapena zizindikiro zina zodwala matenda a mtima.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja lanu kapena cholesterol yambiri.

Chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha mafuta m'thupi ndi mafuta okhutira komanso mafuta ochuluka amene angakhute chingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa msinkhu wa LDL.

Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakubanja ya vutoli, makamaka ngati makolo onse ali ndi jini lopunduka, angafunefune upangiri wa majini.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa hyperlipoproteinemia; Hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis; Kutsika kwa lipoprotein receptor kusintha

• Cholesterol - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Xanthoma - kutseka
• Xanthoma pa bondo
• Mitsempha ya Coronary imatseka

Genest J, Libby P. Lipoprotein zovuta ndi matenda amtima. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 48.

Robinson JG. Matenda amadzimadzi amadzimadzi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 195.