Khansa ya parathyroid

Khansa ya parathyroid ndikukula kwa khansa (koyipa) mumtambo wa parathyroid.

Matenda a parathyroid amawongolera kashiamu m'thupi. Pali ma gland a 4 parathyroid, 2 pamwamba pa lobe iliyonse ya chithokomiro, yomwe ili kumapeto kwa khosi.

Khansa ya parathyroid ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri. Zimakhudza amuna ndi akazi mofanana. Khansara imapezeka mwa anthu okalamba kuposa 30.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya parathyroid sizidziwika. Anthu omwe ali ndi chibadwa chotchedwa multiple endocrine neoplasia mtundu I ndi hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matendawa. Anthu omwe anali ndi radiation ya mutu kapena khosi amathanso kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Koma ma radiation amtunduwu amatha kuyambitsa khansa ya chithokomiro.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya parathyroid imayamba makamaka chifukwa cha calcium yambiri m'magazi (hypercalcemia), ndipo imatha kukhudza magawo osiyanasiyana amthupi.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kudzimbidwa
• Kutopa
• Mipata
• Ludzu lobwerezabwereza
• Kukodza pafupipafupi
• Miyala ya impso
• Minofu kufooka
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kulakalaka kudya

Khansa ya parathyroid ndi yovuta kwambiri kuzindikira.

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani ndikufunsani za mbiri yanu yamankhwala.

Pafupifupi theka la nthawiyo, wothandizira amapeza khansa ya parathyroid pomva khosi ndi manja (palpation).

Chotupa cha khansa choterechi chimatulutsa mahomoni ochulukirapo (PTH). Kuyesedwa kwa hormone iyi kungaphatikizepo:

• Kashiamu wamagazi
• Magazi PTH

Musanachite opareshoni, mudzakhala ndi sikani yapadera yama radioactive yamatenda am'mimba. Chojambulacho chimatchedwa sestamibi scan. Muthanso kukhala ndi khosi la ultrasound. Mayesowa adachitika kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi matenda ati a parathyroid omwe si achilendo.

Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza hypercalcemia chifukwa cha khansa ya parathyroid:

• Zamadzimadzi kudzera mumtsempha (madzi a IV)
• Mahomoni achilengedwe otchedwa calcitonin omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa calcium
• Mankhwala omwe amaletsa kuwonongeka ndi kubwezeretsanso mafupa m'thupi

Opaleshoni ndi njira yovomerezeka yothandizira khansa ya parathyroid. Nthawi zina, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ngati chotupa cha parathyroid chili ndi khansa. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuchitidwa opareshoni ngakhale atapanda kukudziwitsani. Opaleshoni yowononga pang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito mabala ocheperako, ikuchulukirachulukira matenda am'mimba.

Ngati mayeso asanachitike opaleshoniyi atapeza vuto lomwe lakhudzidwa, opareshoni imatha kuchitidwa mbali imodzi ya khosi. Ngati sikutheka kupeza vuto la gland musanachite opaleshoni, dokotalayo amayang'ana mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi lanu.

Chemotherapy ndi radiation sizigwira bwino ntchito kuti khansa isabwerere. Poizoniyu angathandize kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa khansa m'mafupa.

Kuchita maopaleshoni mobwerezabwereza kwa khansa yomwe yabwerera kungathandize:

• Sinthani kuchuluka kwakupulumuka
• Kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha hypercalcemia

Khansa ya parathyroid ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Kuchita opaleshoni kungathandize kutalikitsa moyo ngakhale khansara ikufalikira.

Khansara imatha kufalikira (metastasize) m'malo ena mthupi, nthawi zambiri mapapo ndi mafupa.

Hypercalcemia ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Ambiri omwe amafa ndi khansa ya parathyroid imachitika chifukwa cha hypercalcemia yovuta, komanso yoletsa, osati khansa yokha.

Khansara imabweranso (imayambiranso). Ma opaleshoni owonjezera angafunike. Zovuta za opaleshoni zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuuma kapena mawu amasintha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imayendetsa zingwe zamawu
• Matenda pamalo opareshoni
• Mulingo wochepa wa calcium m'magazi (hypocalcemia), zomwe zimawopseza moyo
• Zosokoneza

Itanani yemwe akukuthandizani ngati mukumva chotupa m'khosi mwanu kapena mukudwala matenda a hypercalcemia.

Matenda a Parathyroid

• Matenda a Parathyroid

Asban A, Patel AJ, Reddy S, Wang T, Balentine CJ, Chen H. Khansa ya endocrine system. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 68.

Fletcher CDM. Zotupa za chithokomiro ndi matenda a parathyroid. Mu: Fletcher CDM, Mkonzi. Kuzindikira Kuzindikira Kwa Zotupa. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: mutu 18.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya parathyroid (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/hp/parathyroid-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 17, 2017. Idapezeka pa February 11, 2020.

Zambiri za Torresan F ndi J Iacobone M. Clinical, chithandizo ndi kuwunika kwa hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: Zatsopano komanso kuwunika kwa mabukuwa. Int J Endocrinol 2019. Idasindikizidwa pa intaneti Dis 18, 2019. www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2019/1761030/.