Matenda a Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

Matenda a Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ndimatenda opumira omwe amayambitsa malungo, kutsokomola, komanso kupuma movutikira. COVID-19 imafala kwambiri, ndipo yafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu ambiri amadwala pang'ono. Okalamba okalamba ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala kwambiri komanso kufa.

COVID-19 imayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 (matenda oopsa a kupuma a coronavirus 2). Ma Coronaviruses ndi banja la ma virus omwe angakhudze anthu ndi nyama. Amatha kuyambitsa matenda opumira pang'ono, monga chimfine. Ma virus ena amatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu omwe angayambitse chibayo ngakhale kufa.

COVID-19 idanenedwa koyamba ku Wuhan City, Chigawo cha Hubei, China koyambirira kwa Disembala, 2019. Kuyambira pamenepo, yafalikira padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku United States.

SARS-CoV-2 ndi betacoronavirus, monga MERS ndi SARS coronaviruses, zomwe zonse zimayambira mileme. Amakhulupirira kuti kachilomboka kamafalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu. Tsopano kachilomboka kakufalikira kwa munthu ndi munthu.

COVID-19 imafalikira kwa anthu oyandikana nawo (pafupifupi 6 mapazi kapena 2 mita). Munthu wodwala akamatsokomola, kuyetsemula, kuyimba nyimbo, kulankhula kapena kupuma, timadontho timatulukira m'mwamba. Mutha kutenga matendawa mukapumira m'madontho awa kapena atalowa m'maso mwanu.

Nthawi zina, COVID-19 imatha kufalikira mlengalenga ndikupatsira anthu omwe ali mtunda wopitilira 6 mita. Madontho ang'onoang'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kukhala mlengalenga kwa mphindi mpaka maola. Izi zimatchedwa kufalikira kwa pandege, ndipo kumatha kuchitika m'malo otsekedwa opanda mpweya wabwino. Komabe, ndizofala kwambiri kuti COVID-19 ifalikire kudzera kulumikizana kwapafupi.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatha kufalikira ngati mutakhudza pamwamba pake ndi kachilomboka, ndikukhudza maso anu, mphuno, pakamwa, kapena nkhope. Koma izi sizikuganiziridwa kuti ndiye njira yayikulu yofalitsira kachilomboka.

COVID-19 ikufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu mwachangu. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) zimawona COVID-19 ngati chiwopsezo chachikulu chaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso ku United States. Zinthu zikuyenda mwachangu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo apompopompo amomwe mungadzitetezere nokha ndi ena kuti asapeze ndi kufalitsa COVID-19.

Zizindikiro za COVID-19 zimayambira pofatsa mpaka zovuta. Okalamba komanso anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda akulu ndi kufa. Zinthu zathanzi zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo ichi ndi monga:

• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda a impso
• COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo osokonezeka)
• Kunenepa kwambiri (BMI ya 30 kapena pamwambapa)
• Type 2 matenda ashuga
• Type 1 shuga
• Kuika thupi
• Matenda a khungu
• Khansa
• Kusuta
• Matenda a Down
• Mimba

Zizindikiro za COVID-19 zitha kuphatikiza:

• Malungo
• Kuzizira
• Tsokomola
• Kupuma pang'ono kapena kupuma movutikira
• Kutopa
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Mutu
• Kutaya kwakumva kukoma kapena kununkhiza
• Chikhure
• Mphuno yopindika kapena yothamanga
• Nseru kapena kusanza
• Kutsekula m'mimba

(Dziwani: Ili si mndandanda wathunthu wazizindikiro. Zowonjezera zitha kuwonjezeredwa pomwe akatswiri azaumoyo amaphunzira zambiri za matendawa.)

Anthu ena sangakhale ndi zizindikilo konse kapena atha kukhala ndi zina, koma sizizindikiro zonse.

Zizindikiro zitha kuwonekera pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena 14 mutawulula. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zimawoneka patatha masiku asanu mutayonekera. Komabe, mutha kufalitsa kachilomboka ngakhale kuti mulibe zizindikiro.

Zizindikiro zowopsa zomwe zimafuna kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo ndi izi:

• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika komwe kukupitilira
• Kusokonezeka
• Kulephera kudzuka
• Milomo yabuluu kapena nkhope

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za COVID-19, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angaganize zoyeserani matendawa.

Mukayezetsa COVID-19, swabs kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mphuno, kutsogolo kwa mphuno, kapena kummero kudzasonkhanitsidwa. Ngati munthu akuganiza kuti ali ndi COVID-19, zitsanzozi ziyesedwa ku SARS-CoV-2.

Ngati mukuchira kunyumba, chisamaliro chothandizira chimaperekedwa kuti chithandizire kuthana ndi matenda. Anthu odwala kwambiri adzalandira chithandizo kuchipatala. Anthu ena akupatsidwa mankhwala oyesera.

Ngati mukusamalidwa kuchipatala ndipo mukulandira mankhwala a oxygen, chithandizo cha COVID-19 chingaphatikizepo mankhwala otsatirawa, omwe akuyesedwabe:

• Remdesivir, mankhwala ochepetsa ma virus, othandiza kuchepetsa ma virus. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (IV).
• Dexamethasone, mankhwala a steroid, othandiza kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi mthupi. Ngati dexamethasone palibe, mutha kupatsidwa corticosteroid ina monga prednisone, methylprednisolone kapena hydrocortisone.
• Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, mutha kupatsidwa mankhwala amodzi kapena enawo, kapenanso mankhwala onsewa pamodzi.
• Mudzathandizidwa pazovuta zilizonse zamatendawa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kupatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi kuti muchepetse mwayi wamagazi, kapena mutha kukhala ndi dialysis ngati impso zanu sizigwira bwino ntchito.

Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19 ndipo muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala matendawa, omwe amakupatsirani mankhwalawo atha kupereka mankhwala otchedwa monoclonal antibodies.

Bamlanivimab kapena casirivimab kuphatikiza imdevimab ndi mitundu iwiri yotere yomwe yavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwadzidzidzi ndi FDA. Ngati angaperekedwe mukangotenga kumene, mankhwalawa atha kuthandiza chitetezo chamthupi mwanu. Angaperekedwe kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochepera pang'ono omwe sanalandire chipatala.

Mankhwala ena otheka, monga plasma yochokera kwa anthu omwe anali ndi COVID-19 ndipo achira, akuwerengedwa, koma palibe umboni wokwanira wowavomereza panthawiyi.

Kutengera ndi umboni womwe ulipo, malangizo apano akuchipatala ochokera ku National Institutes of Health amalimbikitsa kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena a COVID-19, kuphatikiza chloroquine ndi hydroxychloroquine. Musamamwe mankhwala aliwonse kuti muchiritse COVID-19 kupatula zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi omwe amakupatsani. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani musanachiritse nokha kapena wokondedwa wanu ndi mavitamini, michere, kapena mankhwala aliwonse omwe anapatsidwa m'mbuyomu pazovuta zina.

Zovuta zitha kukhala:

• Kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, impso, ubongo, khungu, maso, ndi ziwalo zam'mimba
• Kulephera kupuma
• Imfa

Muyenera kulumikizana ndi omwe amakupatsani:

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ndikuganiza kuti mwina mwakumana ndi COVID-19
• Ngati muli ndi COVID-19 ndipo zizindikilo zanu zikukulirakulira

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati muli:

• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika
• Kusokonezeka kapena kulephera kudzuka
• Milomo yabuluu kapena nkhope
• Zizindikiro zina zilizonse zomwe zimakudetsani nkhawa
  

Musanapite ku ofesi ya dokotala kapena dipatimenti yadzidzidzi yazachipatala (ED), pitani patsogolo ndikuwauza kuti muli kapena mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi COVID-19. Auzeni za zovuta zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo, monga matenda amtima, matenda ashuga, kapena matenda am'mapapo. Valani chovala kumaso chokhala ndi zigawo zosachepera 2 mukamapita kuofesi kapena ku ED, pokhapokha zikakhala zovuta kupuma. Izi zithandizira kuteteza anthu ena omwe mungakumane nawo.

Katemera wa COVID-19 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuteteza ku COVID-19. Katemerayu ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kuthana ndi mliri wa COVID-19.

Pakadali pano pali katundu wochepa wa katemera wa COVID-19. Chifukwa cha ichi, CDC yapereka lingaliro kwa maboma ndi maboma am'deralo za omwe ayenera kulandira katemera koyamba. Funsani ku dipatimenti yazaumoyo yakomweko kuti mumve zambiri mdera lanu.

Ngakhale mutalandira katemera wambiri, mudzafunikabe kupitiriza kuvala chigoba, kukhala kutali ndi ena 6, ndikusamba m'manja pafupipafupi.

Akatswiri akuphunzirabe za momwe katemera wa COVID-19 amatetezera, chifukwa chake tiyenera kupitiliza kuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tipewe kufalikira. Mwachitsanzo, sizikudziwika ngati munthu amene walandira katemerayu atha kufalitsabe kachilomboko, ngakhale ali otetezedwa nako.

Pachifukwa ichi, mpaka zambiri zidziwike, kugwiritsa ntchito katemera ndi njira zotetezera ena ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera ndi kukhala athanzi.

Ngati muli ndi COVID-19 kapena muli ndi zizindikiro zake, muyenera kudzipatula kunyumba ndikupewa kucheza ndi anthu ena, mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba yanu, kuti mupewe kufalitsa matendawa. Izi zimatchedwa kudzipatula kunyumba kapena kudzipatula wekha. Muyenera kuchita izi nthawi yomweyo osadikirira kuyesa kwa COVID-19.

• Momwe mungathere, khalani mchipinda china ndikutali ndi ena m'nyumba mwanu. Gwiritsani bafa yapadera ngati mungathe. Osamachoka panyumba pokha pokhapokha mukalandire chithandizo chamankhwala.
• Musayende muli odwala. Musagwiritse ntchito zoyendera pagulu kapena matakisi.
• Onetsetsani zizindikiro zanu. Mutha kulandira malangizo amomwe mungayang'anire ndikunena za matenda anu.
• Lumikizanani ndi dokotala wanu. Musanapite ku ofesi ya dokotala kapena dipatimenti yodzidzimutsa (ED), pitani patsogolo ndikuwauza kuti muli kapena mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi COVID-19.
• Gwiritsani ntchito chigoba kumaso mukawona omwe akukuthandizani komanso nthawi ina iliyonse pomwe anthu ena ali mchipinda chimodzi ndi inu.Ngati simungathe kuvala chinyawu, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kupuma, anthu m'nyumba mwanu ayenera kuvala chigoba ngati akufunika kukhala mchipinda chimodzi nanu.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi ziweto kapena nyama zina. (SARS-CoV-2 ikhoza kufalikira kuchokera kwa anthu kupita ku nyama, koma sizikudziwika kuti izi zimachitika kangati.)
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno ndi minofu kapena malaya (osati manja anu) mukatsokomola kapena mukuyetsemula. Madontho omwe amatulutsidwa pamene munthu ayetsemula kapena akutsokomola amakhala opatsirana. Kutaya minofu mutagwiritsa ntchito.
• Sambani manja anu kangapo patsiku ndi sopo ndi madzi apampopi kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Chitani izi musanadye kapena kuphika chakudya, mutachoka kuchimbudzi, komanso mukatsokomola, kuyetsemula, kapena kupuma mphuno. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala opangira mowa (osachepera 60% mowa) ngati sopo ndi madzi palibe.
• Pewani kugwira nkhope yanu, maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa ndi manja osasamba.
• Osagawana nawo zinthu monga makapu, ziwiya zodyera, matawulo, kapena zofunda. Sambani chilichonse chomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito sopo ndi madzi.
• Sambani malo onse "okhudza kwambiri" mnyumbamo, monga zitseko zachitseko, bafa ndi khitchini, zimbudzi, mafoni, mapiritsi, ndi matebulo ndi malo ena. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'nyumba ndikutsatira malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito.

Muyenera kukhala panyumba, kupewa kucheza ndi anthu, ndikutsatira chitsogozo cha omwe amakupatsirani komanso dipatimenti yazaumoyo yakomwe mungaletse kudzipatula kunyumba.

Ndikofunikanso kuthandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa kuti ateteze anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala komanso kuteteza opereka chithandizo omwe ali patsogolo kuthana ndi COVID-19.

Pachifukwachi, aliyense ayenera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Izi zikutanthauza:

• Pewani malo opezeka anthu ambiri komanso maphwando ambiri, monga malo ogulitsira, malo owonetsera makanema, maholo amakonsati, misonkhano, ndi mabwalo amasewera.
• Osasonkhana m'magulu akulu kuposa 10. Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe mumacheza nawo, kumakhala bwino.
• Khalani osachepera 6 mita (2 mita) kuchokera kwa anthu ena.
• Gwirani ntchito kunyumba (ngati mungachite).
• Ngati mukuyenera kutuluka, valani chophimba kumaso kapena nsalu pachikuto kumadera komwe kumakhala kovuta kusunga mawonekedwe akutali, monga golosale.

Kuti mudziwe zomwe zikuchitika mdera lanu, onani tsamba lanu la boma kapena boma lanu.

Dziwani zambiri za COVID-19 ndi inu:

• kumakumakuma3
• www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kafukufuku:

• covid19.nih.gov

Zambiri za COVID-19 kuchokera ku World Health Organisation:

• www.who.int/emergency/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

Coronavirus - 2019; Coronavirus - buku la 2019; coronavirus yatsopano ya 2019; SARS-CoV-2

• MATENDA A COVID-19
• Kachilombo ka corona
• Dongosolo kupuma
• Pamtunda thirakiti
• M'munsi thirakiti
• Masks nkhope amaletsa kufalikira kwa COVID-19
• Momwe mungavalire chophimba kumaso kuti muteteze kufalikira kwa COVID-19
• Katemera wa covid-19

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. COVID-19: Momwe mungadzitetezere & ena. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html. Idasinthidwa pa February 4, 2021. Idapezeka pa February 6, 2021.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. COVID-19: Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo: Zambiri pa COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html. Idasinthidwa pa February 11, 2020. Idapezeka pa February 11, 2021.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. COVID-19: Chitsogozo chaumoyo wa anthu pokhudzana ndi kuwonekera pagulu. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/public-health-recommendations.html. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 3, 2020. Idapezeka pa February 6, 2021.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. COVID-19: Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi za katemera wa COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 25, 2021. Idapezeka pa February 6, 2021.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. COVID-19: Chithandizo chomwe wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angakulimbikitseni ngati mukudwala. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatments-for-severe-illness.html. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 8, 2020. Idapezeka pa February 6, 2021.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. COVID-19: Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukudwala. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 31. Idapezeka pa February 6, 2021.

Ma National Institutes of Health. Malangizo othandizira a COVID-19. Kuchiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi COVID-19. www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/. Idasinthidwa pa February 11, 2021. Idapezeka pa February 11, 2021.