Khansa ya m'mapapo

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'mapapu.

Mapapu ali pachifuwa. Mukamapuma, mpweya umadutsa pamphuno, kutsikira pamphepo (trachea), ndikulowa m'mapapu, momwe imadutsa m'machubu yotchedwa bronchi. Khansa yambiri yam'mapapu imayamba m'maselo omwe amayika machubuwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya khansa yamapapo:

• Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono (NSCLC) ndiye khansa yamapapu yamtundu uliwonse.
• Khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo (SCLC) imapanga pafupifupi 20% yamatenda onse a khansa yamapapu.

Ngati khansara yam'mapapo imapangidwa ndi mitundu yonse iwiri, imatchedwa khansa yaying'ono / yayikulu ya khungu.

Ngati khansara idayamba kwinakwake mthupi ndikufalikira m'mapapu, amatchedwa khansa ya m'mapapo.

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndiye khansa yoopsa kwambiri kwa amuna ndi akazi. Chaka chilichonse, anthu ambiri amafa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kuposa khansa ya m'mawere, colon, ndi prostate kuphatikiza.

Khansa ya m'mapapo imafala kwambiri kwa achikulire. Ndizochepa mwa anthu osakwana zaka 45.

Kusuta ndudu ndi komwe kumayambitsa khansa yamapapu. Pafupifupi 90% ya khansa yamapapo imakhudzana ndikusuta. Mukasuta ndudu zambiri patsiku komanso mukayamba kusuta fodya, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa yamapapo. Chiwopsezo chimachepa pakapita nthawi mukasiya kusuta. Palibe umboni kuti kusuta ndudu zotsika kwambiri kumachepetsa chiopsezo.

Mitundu ina ya khansa yamapapu imathanso kukhudza anthu omwe sanasute fodya.

Utsi wachiwiri (kupuma utsi wa ena) kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yamapapo.

Zotsatirazi zingakulitsenso chiopsezo chanu cha khansa yamapapo:

• Kuwonetseredwa ndi asibesitosi
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala oyambitsa khansa monga uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, ma nickel chromates, malasha, mpiru wa mpiru, chloromethyl ethers, mafuta, ndi utsi wa dizilo
• Kuwonetseredwa ndi mpweya wa radon
• Mbiri ya banja la khansa yamapapo
• Miyezo yambiri ya kuipitsa mpweya
• Mulingo wapamwamba wa arsenic m'madzi akumwa
• Thandizo la radiation kumapapu

Khansa yam'mapapo yoyambirira siyingayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse.

Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, koma imatha kuphatikiza:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Chifuwa chomwe sichichoka
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Kutopa
• Kuchepetsa thupi osayesa
• Kutaya njala
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kutentha

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimatha kukhalanso ndi khansa yamapapo, nthawi zambiri kumapeto:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kukoma
• Eyelid akugwera
• Kuuma ziwalo
• Kuwopsya kapena kusintha mawu
• Ululu wophatikizana
• Mavuto amisomali
• Kupweteka pamapewa
• Kumeza vuto
• Kutupa kwa nkhope kapena mikono
• Kufooka

Zizindikirozi zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha zina, zovuta zochepa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyankhula ndi omwe amakuthandizani.

Khansa ya m'mapapo imapezeka pomwe x-ray kapena CT scan yachitika pa chifukwa china.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti khansara yam'mapapo, wothandizirayo ayesedwe ndikufunsani za mbiri yanu yamankhwala. Mudzafunsidwa ngati mumasuta. Ngati ndi choncho, mudzafunsidwa kuti mumasuta fodya komanso kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji mumasuta. Mudzafunsidwanso pazinthu zina zomwe mwina zikukuyikani pachiwopsezo cha khansa yam'mapapo, monga kupezeka kwa mankhwala ena.

Mukamamvera pachifuwa ndi stethoscope, woperekayo amatha kumva zamadzimadzi m'mapapu. Izi zitha kutanthauza khansa.

Mayeso omwe angachitike kuti mupeze khansa yamapapu kapena kuwona ngati yafalikira ndi awa:

• Kujambula mafupa
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kujambula kwa CT pachifuwa
• MRI ya chifuwa
• Kusanthula kwa Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Kuyesa kwa sputum kuyang'ana maselo a khansa
• Thoracentesis (zitsanzo zamadzimadzi ozungulira mapapo)

Nthawi zambiri, chidutswa cha minofu chimachotsedwa m'mapapu anu kuti mupimidwe ndi maikulosikopu. Izi zimatchedwa biopsy. Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:

• Bronchoscopy yophatikizidwa ndi biopsy
• CT-scan-yolunjika biopsy singano
• Endoscopic esophageal ultrasound (EUS) yokhala ndi biopsy
• Mediastinoscopy yokhala ndi biopsy
• Tsegulani mapapu
• Zosangalatsa kwambiri

Ngati biopsy iwonetsa khansara, kumayesedwa kwambiri kuti azindikire gawo la khansa. Gawo limatanthauza kukula kwa chotupacho komanso momwe chinafalikira. Kuyika masitepe kumathandizira kuwongolera chithandizo ndikutsata ndikukupatsani lingaliro la zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera.

Chithandizo cha khansa yam'mapapo chimadalira mtundu wa khansa, kutukuka kwake, komanso thanzi lanu:

• Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho kumachitika ngati sikufalikira kupitirira ma lymph node apafupi.
• Chemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kupha ma cell a khansa ndikuletsa maselo atsopano kuti asakule.
• Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray amphamvu kapena mitundu ina ya radiation kuti iphe ma cell a khansa.

Mankhwalawa atha kuchitidwa okha kapena kuphatikiza. Wothandizira anu akhoza kukuwuzani zambiri zamankhwala omwe mungalandire, kutengera mtundu wa khansa yam'mapapo komanso gawo lake.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Momwe mumakhalira bwino zimatengera kuchuluka kwa momwe khansa yamapapo yafalikira.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikilo za khansa yamapapo, makamaka mukasuta.

Ngati mumasuta, ino ndiyo nthawi yoti musiye. Ngati mukuvutika kusiya, lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani. Pali njira zambiri zokuthandizirani kusiya, kuyambira magulu othandizira mpaka mankhwala akuchipatala. Komanso, yesetsani kupewa kusuta fodya.

Khansa - mapapo

• Opaleshoni m'mapapo - kumaliseche

Araujo LH, Horn L, Merritt RE, ndi al. Khansa yam'mapapo: khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono komanso khansa yaying'ono yamapapu. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 69.

Gillaspie EA, Lewis J, Leora Horn L. Khansa ya m'mapapo. Mu: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, olemba., Eds. Therapy Yamakono ya Conn 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 862-871.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo osakhala yaying'ono (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 7, 2020. Idapezeka pa Julayi 14, 2020.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mapapo (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 24, 2020. Idapezeka pa Julayi 14, 2020.

Silvestri GA, Pastis NJ, Tanner NT, Jett JR. Matenda a khansa yamapapu. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 53.