Ntchito zamtima ndi zamitsempha

Thupi la mtima, kapena kuzungulira kwa thupi, limapangidwa ndi mtima, magazi, ndi mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha ndi mitsempha).

Ntchito zamtima ndi mitsempha zimatanthauza nthambi ya zamankhwala yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri mtima wamitsempha.

Ntchito yayikulu yamtima ndikupopera magazi olemera okosijeni mthupi atapopera magazi opanda mpweya m'mapapu. Nthawi zambiri imachita izi maulendo 60 mpaka 100 pa mphindi, maola 24 patsiku.

Mtima umapangidwa ndi zipinda zinayi:

• Atrium yoyenera imalandira magazi opanda oxygen kuchokera mthupi. Magazi amenewo amapita mu ventricle yoyenera, yomwe imapopera mpaka kumapapu.
• Atrium yakumanzere imalandira magazi okhala ndi okosijeni m'mapapu. Kuchokera pamenepo, magazi amapita mu ventricle yakumanzere, yomwe imapopa magazi kutuluka mumtima kupita mthupi lonse.

Pamodzi, mitsempha ndi mitsempha zimatchedwa mitsempha. Kawirikawiri, mitsempha imanyamula magazi kuchokera pamtima ndipo mitsempha imabweretsa magazi kubwerera kumtima.

Dongosolo la mtima limapereka oxygen, michere, mahomoni, ndi zinthu zina zofunika kumaselo ndi ziwalo m'thupi. Imagwira mbali yofunikira kwambiri pothandiza thupi kuthana ndi zofunikira pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupsinjika. Zimathandizanso kutentha kwa thupi, mwazinthu zina.

MADokotala OKHUDZA MTIMA

Mankhwala amtima amatanthauza nthambi yazachipatala yomwe imagwira ntchito pochiza matenda kapena mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi mtima ndi mitsempha.

Matenda omwe amapezeka ndi awa:

• M'mimba mwake aortic aneurysm
• Zobadwa mtima zopindika
• Mitsempha ya Coronary, kuphatikizapo angina ndi matenda amtima
• Mtima kulephera
• Mavuto a valavu yamtima
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol
• Nyimbo zosasinthasintha (arrhythmias)
• Matenda a mtsempha wamagazi (PAD)
• Sitiroko

Madokotala omwe amathandizira kuchiza matenda opatsirana kapena opatsirana ndi awa:

• Akatswiri a Cardiologists - Madokotala omwe alandila maphunziro owonjezera othandizira matenda amtima ndi mitsempha
• Ochita opaleshoni ya mitsempha - Madokotala omwe adalandira maphunziro owonjezera pakuchita opaleshoni yamagazi
• Madokotala ochita opaleshoni ya mtima - Madokotala omwe alandila maphunziro owonjezera pamankhwala okhudza mtima
• Madokotala oyang'anira pulayimale

Ena othandizira azaumoyo omwe amatenga nawo mbali pochiza matenda opatsirana kapena opatsirana ndi awa:

• Ogwira ntchito namwino (NPs) kapena othandizira ma dokotala (PAs), omwe amayang'ana kwambiri matenda amtima ndi mitsempha
• Akatswiri azakudya kapena odyetsa
• Anamwino omwe amalandira maphunziro apadera pakuwongolera odwala omwe ali ndi mavuto awa

Kujambula mayeso omwe atha kuchitidwa kuti azindikire, kuwunika kapena kuchiza matenda am'mitsempha yoyenda mozungulira ndi yotengera ndi awa:

• CT wamtima
• MRI yamtima
• Zowonera Coronary
• CT angiography (CTA) ndi magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
• Zojambulajambula
• PET kuyesa mtima
• Kuyesedwa kwa kupsinjika (mitundu yambiri yamayesero am'maganizo ilipo)
• Vascular ultrasound, monga carotid ultrasound
• Kutulutsa kowopsa kwa mikono ndi miyendo

MAPANGIZO NDI NTCHITO

Njira zochepa zowononga zitha kuchitidwa kuti muzindikire, kuwunika kapena kuchiza matenda amtima ndi mtima.

Mu mitundu yambiri ya njirazi, catheter imayikidwa kudzera pakhungu mumtsuko waukulu wamagazi. Nthawi zambiri, njirazi sizifunikira kuti munthu azichita dzanzi. Odwala nthawi zambiri safunika kugona mchipatala usiku wonse. Amachira pakatha masiku 1 kapena 3 ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kubwerera kumagwiridwe awo asanathe sabata.

Njirazi ndi monga:

• Thandizo la Ablation pochiza matenda amtima
• Angiogram (pogwiritsa ntchito x-ray ndi utoto wosiyanitsa ndi jekeseni kuti muwone mitsempha yamagazi)
• Angioplasty (pogwiritsa ntchito chibaluni chaching'ono kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa chotengera chamagazi) kapena osayika mwanzeru
• Catheterization yamtima (kuyeza kupanikizika mkati ndi kuzungulira mtima)

Kuchita opaleshoni yamtima kungafunike kuthana ndi mavuto amtima kapena mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuika mtima
• Kuyika kwa opanga ma pacemaker kapena otetezera makina
• Mitsempha yotseguka komanso yocheperako yomwe imadutsa opaleshoni
• Kukonza kapena kusintha mavavu amtima
• Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chobadwa ndi vuto la mtima

Kuchita opaleshoni yamitsempha kumatanthauza njira zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kapena kuzindikira zovuta mumtsinje wamagazi, monga kutsekeka kapena kutuluka. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Zozungulira zapambuyo
• Zojambulajambula
• Kukonza ma aneurysms (magawo okulitsidwa / okulitsidwa) a aorta ndi nthambi zake

Njira zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi mitsempha yomwe imapereka ubongo, impso, matumbo, mikono ndi miyendo.

KUPEWA KWA MITU YA NKHANI NDI KUKHALITSA

Kuthandiza mtima ndi njira yothandizira kupewa matenda amtima kuti asakulire. Kawirikawiri amalimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa zochitika zazikulu zokhudzana ndi mtima monga matenda a mtima kapena opaleshoni ya mtima. Zitha kuphatikizira:

• Kufufuza kwa chiwopsezo cha mtima
• Kuwona zaumoyo ndi mayeso abwinobwino
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso upangiri wa moyo, kuphatikizapo kusiya kusuta komanso maphunziro a shuga
• Zochita zoyang'aniridwa

Njira yoyendera; Mitsempha; Dongosolo mtima

Pitani MR, Starr JE, Satiani B. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za malo amtima mosiyanasiyana. Mu: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, olemba. Rutherford Opaleshoni ya Mitsempha ndi Endovascular Therapy. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 197.

Mills NL, Japp AG, Robson J. Makina a mtima. Mu: Innes JA, Dover A, Fairhurst K, olemba. Kuyesa Kwachipatala kwa Macleod. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2018: mutu 4.