Apraxia

Apraxia ndi vuto laubongo komanso dongosolo lamanjenje momwe munthu amalephera kugwira ntchito kapena kusuntha akafunsidwa, ngakhale:

• Pempho kapena lamulo limamveka
• Iwo ndi okonzeka kugwira ntchitoyi
• Minofu imayenera kugwira ntchitoyi moyenera
• Ntchitoyi mwina idaphunziridwa kale

Apraxia amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Apraxia ikayamba mwa munthu yemwe kale anali wokhoza kuchita ntchito kapena luso, amatchedwa apraxia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kufalikira kwa apraxia ndi izi:

• Chotupa chaubongo
• Zomwe zimayambitsa kukulira pang'onopang'ono kwa ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje (matenda amanjenje)
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Sitiroko
• Zovulala muubongo
• Hydrocephalus

Apraxia imawonekeranso pakubadwa. Zizindikiro zimawoneka mwana akamakula ndikukula. Choyambitsa sichikudziwika.

Apraxia yolankhula nthawi zambiri imakhalapo limodzi ndi vuto lina lolankhula lotchedwa aphasia. Kutengera chifukwa cha apraxia, mavuto ena angapo am'magazi kapena minyewa atha kupezeka.

Munthu wodwala apraxia amalephera kuyika minofu yolondola ya minyewa. Nthawi zina, mawu kapena kachitidwe kosiyanako kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa mawu omwe munthu amafuna kuti apange kapena kupanga. Nthawi zambiri munthuyo amadziwa kuti walakwitsa.

Zizindikiro za apraxia zolankhula ndi izi:

• Kupotoza, kubwereza, kapena kusiyanitsa mawu kapena mawu. Munthuyo amavutika kuyika mawu palimodzi molondola.
• Kuvutika kutchula mawu oyenera
• Kuvuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mawu aatali, mwina nthawi zonse, kapena nthawi zina
• Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zazifupi, zamasiku onse kapena zonena (monga "Muli bwanji?") Popanda vuto
• Luso lolemba bwino kuposa luso loyankhula

Mitundu ina ya apraxia ndi iyi:

• Buccofacial kapena orofacial apraxia. Kulephera kuyendetsa nkhope pakufuna, monga kunyambita milomo, kutulutsa lilime, kapena likhweru.
• Apraxia yabwino. Kulephera kugwira ntchito zophunzirira, zovuta molongosoka, monga kuvala masokosi musanavale nsapato.
• Malingaliro apraxia. Kulephera kuchita mwakufuna kwanu ntchito yophunzira mukapatsidwa zinthu zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wapatsidwa screwdriver, munthuyo amatha kuyesa kulemba nawo ngati cholembera.
• Limb-kinetic apraxia. Zovuta kupanga mayendedwe enieni ndi mkono kapena mwendo. Zimakhala zosatheka kumenya batani malaya kapena kumanga nsapato. Mukuyang'ana apraxia, zimakhala zosatheka kuti munthu atenge kanthu kakang'ono. Kutaya apraxia kumawonekera kawirikawiri mu kuthamanga kwa hydrocephalus.

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuchitika ngati sizikudziwika zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:

• Kufufuza kwa ubongo kwa CT kapena MRI kumatha kuthandizira kuwonetsa chotupa, stroke, kapena kuvulala kwina kwaubongo.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi khunyu ngati choyambitsa apraxia.
• Tepi ya msana itha kuchitidwa kuti muwone ngati kutupa kapena matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo.

Ziyeso zovomerezeka ndi zanzeru ziyenera kuchitika ngati apraxia yolankhula ikuwakayikira. Kuyesedwa kwa zovuta zina zophunzirira kungafunikirenso.

Anthu omwe ali ndi apraxia atha kupindula ndi chithandizo ndi gulu lazachipatala. Gululi liyeneranso kuphatikiza mamembala am'banja.

Othandizira pantchito ndi olankhula amatenga gawo lofunikira pothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi apraxia ndi omwe amawasamalira kuti aphunzire njira zothanirana ndi vutoli.

Pakuthandizidwa, othandizira adzaika chidwi pa:

• Kubwereza mawu mobwerezabwereza kuti muphunzitse kuyenda pakamwa
• Chepetsani kulankhula kwa munthuyo
• Kuphunzitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kulumikizana

Kuzindikira ndikuchiza kukhumudwa ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi apraxia.

Kuthandiza kulumikizana, abale ndi abwenzi ayenera:

• Pewani kupereka malangizo ovuta.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mawu osavuta kuti mupewe kusamvana.
• Lankhulani mosiyanasiyana mawu. Kulankhula apraxia si vuto lakumva.
• Musaganize kuti munthuyo akumvetsa.
• Perekani zothandizira kulumikizana, ngati zingatheke, kutengera munthuyo ndi mkhalidwewo.

Malangizo ena amoyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi awa:

• Sungani malo omasuka, odekha.
• Pezani nthawi yosonyeza munthu yemwe ali ndi apraxia momwe angagwirire ntchito, ndipo mpatseni nthawi yokwanira kuti achite. Musawafunse kuti abwereze ntchitoyi ngati akuvutika nayo ndipo kutero kumawonjezera kukhumudwa.
• Fotokozerani njira zina zochitira zinthu zomwezo. Mwachitsanzo, gulani nsapato zokhala ndi ndowe ndi kutseka mozungulira m'malo mwa zingwe.

Ngati kukhumudwa kapena kukhumudwa kuli kovuta, upangiri waumoyo ungathandize.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi apraxia sangathe kudziyimira pawokha ndipo atha kukhala ndi vuto kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingakhale zotetezeka kapena zosatetezeka. Pewani zinthu zomwe zitha kuvulaza ndikuchitapo kanthu moyenera pachitetezo.

Kukhala ndi apraxia kumatha kubweretsa ku:

• Mavuto ophunzirira
• Kudziyang'anira pansi
• Mavuto azikhalidwe

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati wina akuvutika kugwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku kapena ali ndi zizindikiro zina za apraxia pambuyo povulala kapena kuvulala kwaubongo.

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha sitiroko ndi kuvulala kwaubongo kungathandize kupewa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse apraxia.

Mawu apraxia; Dyspraxia; Matenda olankhula - apraxia; Ana apraxia a kulankhula; Kutsekemera kwa mawu; Kupeza apraxia

Basilakos A. Njira zamakono za kasamalidwe ka post-stroke apraxia of speech. Semin Kulankhula Lang. 2018; 39 (1): 25-36. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 29359303 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29359303/.

Kirshner HS. Dysarthria ndi apraxia oyankhula. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 14.

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disways webusayiti. Apraxia yolankhula. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/apraxia-speech. Idasinthidwa pa Okutobala 31, 2017. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 21, 2020.