Zokoma - zotengera shuga

Zosintha za shuga ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zotsekemera ndi shuga (sucrose) kapena suga shuga. Amatchedwanso zotsekemera zopangira, zopatsa thanzi zopanda thanzi (NNS), ndi zotsekemera zopanda mafuta.

Olowa m'malo mwa shuga atha kukhala othandiza kwa anthu omwe akuyesera kuti achepetse kunenepa. Amapereka kukoma kwa zakudya ndi zakumwa popanda kuwonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera. Zambiri mwazi mulibe ma calories.

Kugwiritsa ntchito cholowa m'malo mwa shuga m'malo mwa shuga kungathandize kupewa kuvunda kwamano. Angathandizenso kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zakudya zolowa m'malo mwa shuga zitha kuwonjezeredwa pachakudya mukamadya. Zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pophika ndi kuphika. Zakudya zambiri "zopanda shuga" kapena zonenepetsa zomwe mumagula m'sitolo zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolowa m'malo mwa shuga.

Omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga shuga ndi awa:

Aspartame (Wofanana ndi NutraSweet)

• Zakudya zotsekemera zopatsa thanzi - zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu, koma ndizotsekemera kwambiri, ndizochepa zofunikira.
• Kuphatikiza ma amino acid awiri - phenylalanine ndi aspartic acid.
• 200 yotsekemera kuposa sucrose.
• Imasiya kukoma kwake ikayatsidwa ndi kutentha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakumwa m'malo mongophika.
• Wophunzira bwino, ndipo sanawonetse zotsatira zoyipa zilizonse.
• FDA yovomerezeka. (A FDA amafuna kuti zakudya zomwe zili ndi aspartame ziyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PKU (phenylketonuria, matenda osowa kwambiri) kuwachenjeza za kupezeka kwa phenylalanine.)

Sucralose (Splenda)

• Chosapatsa thanzi chopatsa thanzi - ayi kapena ochepa kwambiri
• Kutsekemera nthawi 600 kuposa sucrose
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya ndi zakumwa zambiri, kutafuna chingamu, maswiti amkaka achisanu, zinthu zophika, ndi gelatin
• Itha kuwonjezeredwa pachakudya patebulo kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazophika
• FDA yovomerezeka

Saccharin (Wokoma 'N Low, Mapasa Okoma, NectaSweet)

• Chosakaniza chopatsa thanzi
• 200 mpaka 700 yotsekemera kuposa sucrose
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zambiri ndi zakumwa zambiri
• Muthanso kumwa zakumwa zina zowawa kapena zachitsulo
• Sagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika ndi kuphika
• FDA yovomerezeka

Stevia (Truvia, Njira Yoyera, Makandulo a Dzuwa)

• Chosakaniza chopatsa thanzi.
• Zapangidwa kuchokera ku chomeracho Stevia rebaudiana, yomwe imamera chifukwa cha masamba ake okoma.
• Chotulutsa cha Rebaudiana chimavomerezedwa ngati chowonjezera chakudya. Amawonedwa ngati chowonjezera pazakudya.
• Amadziwika kuti ndi otetezeka (GRAS) ndi FDA.

Acesulfame K (Sunett ndi Wokoma)

• Chosakaniza chopatsa thanzi
• Kutsekemera kawiri kuposa shuga
• Wotentha, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi kuphika
• Ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa pachakudya patebulo
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zotsekemera zina, monga saccharin, mu zakumwa zopanda mafuta ochepa ndi zinthu zina
• Ambiri ofanana ndi shuga patebulo mwa kulawa ndi kapangidwe kake
• FDA yovomerezeka

Neotame (Newtame)

• Chosakaniza chopatsa thanzi
• Kutsekemera maulendo 7,000 mpaka 13,000 kuposa shuga
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zambiri ndi zakumwa zambiri
• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekemera patebulo
• FDA yovomerezeka

Zipatso za Monk (Luo Han Guo)

• Chosakaniza chopatsa thanzi
• Chomera chokhazikitsidwa ndi chomera cha monk, vwende lobiriwira lobiriwira lomwe limamera kumwera kwa China
• 100 mpaka 250 otsekemera kuposa sucrose
• Wotentha ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika ndi kuphika ndipo umakhala wolimba kwambiri kuposa shuga (¼ supuni ya tiyi kapena 0,5 magalamu amafanana ndi kukoma kwa supuni 1 kapena 2.5 magalamu shuga)
• Amadziwika kuti ndi otetezeka (GRAS) ndi FDA

Advantame

• Chosakaniza chopatsa thanzi
• 20, 000 nthawi yotsekemera kuposa shuga
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zotsekemera ndipo kutentha kumakhala kolimba, kotero kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika
• Sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri
• FDA yovomerezeka

Anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi chitetezo komanso thanzi la omwe amalowa m'malo mwa shuga. Kafukufuku wambiri wachitika m'malo mwa shuga ovomerezeka ndi FDA, ndipo awonetsedwa kuti ndi otetezeka. Kutengera ndi maphunziro awa, a FDA akuti ndi otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu onse.

Aspartame siyikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PKU. Thupi lawo silimatha kuwononga amodzi mwa amino acid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga aspartame.

Pali umboni wochepa wotsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kupewa omwe amalowa m'malo mwa shuga panthawi yapakati. Ma sweeteners ovomerezedwa ndi FDA ndiabwino kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono. Komabe, American Medical Association ikupereka lingaliro lopewa saccharin panthawi yoyembekezera chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

FDA imayang'anira zosintha zonse za shuga zomwe zimagulitsidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakudya zokonzedwa ku United States. A FDA akhazikitsa chakudya chovomerezeka tsiku ndi tsiku (ADI). Izi ndizo ndalama zomwe munthu angathe kudya tsiku lililonse pamoyo wake. Anthu ambiri amadya zochepa kuposa ADI.

Mu 2012, American Heart Association ndi American Diabetes Association adasindikiza lipoti lomwe lidatsimikiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera m'malo mwa shuga kungathandize kuchepetsa kudya kwa kalori ndi kwamahydrohydrate. Kufufuzanso kwina kukufunikirabe. Palibenso umboni wokwanira panthawiyi wodziwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito cholowa m'malo mwa shuga kumabweretsa kuchepa kapena kuchepa kwa matenda amtima.

Kutsekemera kwakukulu; Zokometsera zosapatsa thanzi - (NNS); Zotsekemera zopatsa thanzi; Zosakaniza zopanda mafuta; Njira zina za shuga

Aronson JK. Zokometsera zopangira. Mu: Aronson JK, mkonzi. Zotsatira zoyipa za Meyler za Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Wolemba 16. Waltham, MA: Zotsalira; 2016: 713-716.

Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS, ndi al; American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, ndi American Diabetes Association. Zakudya zosapatsa thanzi: magwiritsidwe ntchito apano ndi malingaliro azaumoyo: mawu asayansi ochokera ku American Heart Association ndi American Diabetes Association. Kuzungulira. 2012; 126 (4): 509-519. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 22777177 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777177/.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Zokometsera zopangira ndi khansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 10, 2016. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 11, 2019.

US department of Health and Human Services ndi tsamba la US Department of Agriculture. Malangizo a 2015-2020 Zakudya kwa Achimereka. Kusindikiza kwa 8th. health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf. Idasinthidwa Disembala 2015. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 11, 2019.

Tsamba la US Food and Drug Administration. Kutsekemera kwamphamvu kwambiri. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 19, 2017. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 11, 2019.

Tsamba la US Food and Drug Administration. Zambiri pazakudya zotsekemera kwambiri zomwe zimaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachakudya ku United States. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permited-use-food-united-states. Idasinthidwa pa February 8, 2018. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 11, 2019.