Chiwindi A - ana

Hepatitis A mwa ana ndikutupa komanso minofu yotupa ya chiwindi chifukwa cha kachilombo ka hepatitis A (HAV). Hepatitis A ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a chiwindi mwa ana.

HAV imapezeka mu chopondapo (ndowe) ndi magazi a mwana yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Mwana amatha kutenga chiwindi cha hepatitis A mwa:

• Kukumana ndi magazi kapena chopondapo cha munthu amene ali ndi matendawa.
• Kudya kapena kumwa chakudya kapena madzi omwe aipitsidwa ndi magazi kapena ndowe zomwe zili ndi HAV. Zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nkhono, ayezi, ndi madzi ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
• Kudya chakudya chokonzedwa ndi munthu wodwala matendawa yemwe sasamba m'manja atatha kubafa.
• Kukwezedwa kapena kunyamulidwa ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda amene samasamba m'manja atatha kubafa.
• Kupita kudziko lina popanda katemera wa matenda otupa chiwindi a A.

Ana amatha kutenga hepatitis A ku malo osamalira ana masana kuchokera kwa ana ena kapena kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira ana omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo samachita ukhondo.

Matenda ena ofala kwambiri a chiwindi ndi monga hepatitis B ndi hepatitis C. Hepatitis A ndiye matenda ochepa kwambiri.

Ana ambiri azaka 6 kapena kupitilira apo alibe zisonyezo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa, ndipo mwina simukudziwa. Izi zitha kukhala zosavuta kufalitsa matendawa pakati pa ana aang'ono.

Zizindikiro zikayamba, zimawoneka patadutsa milungu iwiri kapena 6 mutadwala. Mwanayo akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikilo zofananira ndi chimfine, kapena zizindikilozo zimakhala zochepa. Matenda owopsa a chiwindi (chiwindi) amalephera kupezeka mwa ana athanzi. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira ndikuphatikizira:

• Mkodzo wakuda
• Kutopa
• Kutaya njala
• Malungo
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Zojambula zotumbululuka
• Kupweteka m'mimba (pa chiwindi)
• Khungu lachikaso ndi maso (jaundice)

Wothandizira zaumoyo amayeza mwana wanu. Izi zimachitika kuti muwone ngati pali ululu komanso kutupa pachiwindi.

Woperekayo ayesa magazi kuti ayang'ane:

• Ma antibodies omwe akula (mapuloteni omwe amalimbana ndi matenda) chifukwa cha HAV
• Kutalika kwa michere ya chiwindi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kapena kutupa

Palibe mankhwala amtundu wa hepatitis A. Chitetezo cha mwana wanu chimalimbana ndi vutoli. Kusamalira zizindikiro kumatha kuthandiza mwana wanu kukhala bwino akamachira:

• Muuzeni mwana wanu kupumula pamene zizindikilo zikuipiraipira.
• MUSAPATSE mwana wanu acetaminophen musanalankhulane ndi omwe amakupatsani. Itha kukhala poizoni chifukwa chiwindi chafooka kale.
• Apatseni mwana wanu madzi amadzimadzi amtundu wa zipatso kapena ma electrolyte solution, monga Pedialyte. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kutaya madzi m'thupi.

Ngakhale ndizosowa, zizindikilo zimatha kukhala zazikulu kwambiri kwakuti ana omwe ali ndi HAV amafunikira madzi owonjezera kudzera mumitsempha (IV).

HAV sikhala mthupi la mwana matendawa atatha. Zotsatira zake, sizimayambitsa matenda a nthawi yayitali m'chiwindi.

Nthawi zambiri, vuto latsopano limatha kuyambitsa chiwindi chachikulu chomwe chimakula mwachangu.

Zovuta zotheka za hepatitis A mwa ana zitha kukhala:

• Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
• Chiwindi matenda enaake

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi a A.

Komanso kulankhulana ndi wothandizira ngati mwana wanu ali:

• Pakamwa pouma chifukwa chakumwa madzi
• Osalira misozi ikulira
• Kutupa m'manja, manja, mapazi, m'mimba, kapena nkhope
• Magazi pamipando
  

Mutha kuteteza mwana wanu ku hepatitis A pomupatsa katemera.

• Katemera wa hepatitis A amalimbikitsidwa kwa ana onse pakati pa tsiku lawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri (masiku 12 mpaka 23).
• Inu ndi mwana wanu muyenera kulandira katemera ngati mukupita kumayiko kumene matendawa amayamba.
• Ngati mwana wanu wadwala matenda otupa chiwindi a A, lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu zakufunika komwe kungachitike ndi mankhwala a immunoglobulin.

Ngati mwana wanu amapita kumalo osamalira ana:

• Onetsetsani kuti ana ndi ogwira ntchito kumalo osungira ana ali ndi katemera wa hepatitis A.
• Unikani malo omwe matewera amasinthidwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti ukhondo umatsatiridwa.

Ngati mwana wanu adwala matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis A, mutha kuchita izi kuti muteteze kufalikira kwa ana kapena achikulire:

• Sambani bwinobwino musanaphike komanso mukamaliza kuphika, musanadye komanso musanapatse chakudya mwana wanu.
• Nthawi zonse muzisamba m'manja mutagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, mutasintha thewera la mwana wanu, ndipo ngati mungakumane ndi magazi, chimbudzi, kapena madzi ena amthupi a munthu wodwala.
• Thandizani mwana wanu kuphunzira ukhondo. Phunzitsani mwana wanu kusamba m'manja asanadye chakudya komanso atatha kusamba.
• Pewani kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka kapena kumwa madzi owonongeka.

Matenda a chiwindi - ana; Matenda a chiwindi - ana

Jensen MK, Balistreri WF. Matenda a chiwindi. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 385.

Pham YH, Leung DH. Vuto la hepatitis A. Mu: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, olemba. Feigin ndi Cherry's Bookbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 168.

Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Advisory Committee on Immucisation Practices adalimbikitsa dongosolo la katemera kwa ana ndi achinyamata azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Wachivundi Wkly Rep. 2019; 68 (5): 112-114. PMID: 30730870 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730870/.