Pine wa Maritime

Zamkati

• Mwina zothandiza ...
• Mwina sizothandiza kwa ...
• Umboni wosakwanira woti ungagwire bwino ntchito ...
• Chenjezo lapadera & machenjezo:

Mitengo yam'madzi a paini imakula m'maiko aku Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Makungwa ake amapangira mankhwala. Mitengo ya paini ya m'nyanja yomwe imamera mdera lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa France imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga Pycnogenol, dzina lolembetsedwa ku US kuti lipezeke pamtengo wapa marine.

Kutulutsa kwa makungwa a paini amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphumu, kupititsa patsogolo masewera othamanga, kusayenda bwino komwe kumatha kupangitsa kuti miyendo ifufume (matenda operewera kapena CVI), ndi zina zambiri, koma pali umboni wochepa chabe wasayansi wotsimikizira izi.

Mankhwala Achilengedwe Pazonse mitengo yogwira ntchito potengera umboni wasayansi molingana ndi muyeso wotsatirawu: Wogwira Mtima, Wogwira Mtima, Mwinanso Wogwira Ntchito, Mwinanso Wosagwira Ntchito, Mwinanso Wosagwira Ntchito, Wosagwira Ntchito, Ndi Umboni Wosakwanira Wowerengera.

Kuchita bwino kwa MOYO WA PANSI ndi awa:

Mwina zothandiza ...

• Mphumu. Kutenga makungwa am'madzi a paini tsiku lililonse, komanso mankhwala a mphumu, zikuwoneka kuti zimachepetsa zizindikiritso za mphumu komanso kufunika kopulumutsa ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi mphumu. Kumbukirani kuti kutsitsa kwa makungwa a paini sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mankhwala a mphumu.
• Kuchita masewera. Achinyamata (azaka 20-35 zaka) akuwoneka kuti amatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali atatenga khungwa lolemera la pine tsiku lililonse kwa mwezi umodzi. Komanso, othamanga omwe amaphunzitsidwa zolimbitsa thupi kapena triathlon akuwoneka kuti akuchita bwino pamayeso ndi mpikisano akamatenga izi tsiku lililonse kwa masabata asanu ndi atatu pamene akuphunzira.
• Kuyenda kosavomerezeka komwe kumatha kupangitsa kuti miyendo ifufume (kutsekeka kwa venous kapena CVI). Kutenga makungwa amtundu wa paini pakamwa kumawoneka kuti kumachepetsa kupweteka kwa mwendo ndi kulemera, komanso kusungunuka kwamadzi, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto oyenda. Kugwiritsira ntchito chotsitsa ichi ndi masitonkeni opanikizika kumawonekeranso kukhala kothandiza kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito masokosi opanikiza okha. Anthu ena amagwiritsanso ntchito nyemba zamatchire zamatchire kuti athetse vutoli, koma kugwiritsa ntchito makungwa a paini akuwoneka kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri.

Mwina sizothandiza kwa ...

• Cholesterol wokwera. Umboni wambiri ukuwonetsa kuti kuchotsedwa kokhazikika kwa makungwa a paini apamadzi sikutsitsa "cholesterol yoyipa" (low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri.

Umboni wosakwanira woti ungagwire bwino ntchito ...

• Chepetsani kukumbukira komanso kulingalira komwe kumachitika bwino ndi ukalamba. Kafukufuku wambiri okalamba omwe anali athanzi sanapeze mwayi wokumbukira kapena kulingalira atapindula atatenga khungwa lovomerezeka la pine panyanja.
• Kuuma kwa mitsempha (atherosclerosis). Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti kutenga makungwa a paini oyenda moyenerera katatu patsiku kwa milungu inayi kungathandize kuthana ndi zovuta zina chifukwa chouma kwamitsempha.
• Matenda a chidwi-kuchepa kwa matenda (ADHD). Kutenga makungwa amtundu wa paini pakamwa sikuwoneka ngati kumathandizira zizindikiritso za ADHD mwa akulu. Komabe, kumwa pakamwa kwa mwezi umodzi kumawoneka kuti kukuwongolera zizindikiritso mwa ana.
• Matenda osowa omwe amakhala ndi zilonda zazikulu mkamwa ndi ziwalo zina za thupi (Behcet syndrome). Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la makungwa a paini kumawongolera zizindikiritso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Behcet.
• Kukula kwa prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia kapena BPH). Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kutenga makungwa amtundu wa paini olumikizidwa moyenerera kumalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kokodza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi BPH.
• Kukumbukira ndi luso loganiza (kuzindikira ntchito). Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kutenga khungwa lokhala ndi makungwa a paini pakamwa kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito am'maganizo ndi kukumbukira kwa akulu. Zikuwonekeranso kuti zikuthandizira pang'ono mayeso ophunzira aku koleji.
• Chepetsani kukumbukira ndi kulingalira mwa okalamba zomwe ndizoposa zachilendo za msinkhu wawo. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la makungwa a paini kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito amisala mwa akulu omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa lamaganizidwe.
• Chimfine. Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la kanyumba ka paini pakamwa kawiri tsiku lililonse kuyambira koyambirira kwa chimfine kumawoneka kuti kumachepetsa masiku ndi chimfine ndipo. Ikhozanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi zofunika kuti muchepetse zizindikilo.
• Chipika cha dzino. Kafukufuku woyambirira akusonyeza kuti kutafuna chingamu pafupifupi 6 ndi chophatikizira chowonjezera kuchokera ku makungwa a paini apanyanja masiku 14 kumachepetsa kutaya magazi ndikuletsa zolengeza.
• Matenda a shuga. Umboni woyambirira ukusonyeza kuti kutenga makungwa apakitini apamadzi tsiku lililonse kwa masabata 3-12 kumachepetsa pang'ono shuga m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
• Zilonda za kumapazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga makungwa a paini apakhungu atulutsidwa pakamwa ndikuwapaka pakhungu kumathandiza kuchiritsa zilonda za kumapazi zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga.
• Matenda amitsempha yaying'ono mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (matenda ashuga a microangiopathy). Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga makungwa oyenerera apamadzi a m'nyanja amatulutsa katatu patsiku kwa milungu inayi kumathandizira kufalikira ndi zizindikiritso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
• Masomphenya mavuto mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga (ashuga retinopathy). Kutenga makungwa a paini apakompyuta pakamwa kwa miyezi iwiri kumawoneka kuti kumachedwetsa kapena kupewa kuwonjezeka kwa matenda am'thupi chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, atherosclerosis, kapena matenda ena. Zikuwonekeranso kuti zikuthandizira kuwona bwino.
• Pakamwa pouma. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la kanyumba ka paini pamodzi ndi malovu opangira kumathandizira kuuma mkamwa bwino kuposa malovu okha.
• Kulephera kwa Erectile (ED). Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kuchotsedwa kwa makungwa amtundu wa paini, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi L-arginine, atha kupititsa patsogolo zogonana mwa amuna omwe ali ndi ED. Zikuwoneka kuti zimatenga miyezi itatu yothandizidwa kuti ichitike bwino.
• Chigwagwa. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lokhala ndi makungwa a paini isanayambike nyengo yothana ndi matenda kumachepetsa zizindikiritso za anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo za birch.
• Minyewa. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la makungwa a paini pakamwa, palokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi kirimu chokhala ndi chotulutsa chomwechi, kumapangitsa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuzindikirika kwa zotupa. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kutenga zomwezi pakamwa kumatha kukonza zizindikiritso zamatenda azimayi atabereka.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la pine m'madzi kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Koma kafukufuku wina sanawonetse vuto lililonse.
• Matenda a nthawi yayitali m'matumbo akulu omwe amayambitsa kupweteka m'mimba (matenda opweteka m'mimba kapena IBS). Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kuchotsa makungwa a paini pamtengo wokhazikika kumatha kuchepetsa kupweteka m'mimba, kukokana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi IBS.
• Kutopa kwapaulendo wandege. Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kuchotsa makungwa a paini oyambira, kuyambira masiku 2-3 ndege isananyamuke, kumatha kufupikitsa nthawi yomwe zizindikilo za jet zimachitika komanso kumachepetsa kuzindikirika kwa ndege.
• Kukokana kwamiyendo. Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti kutenga makungwa a paini apakompyuta tsiku lililonse kumachepetsa kukokana kwamiyendo.
• Matenda amkati amkati omwe amadziwika ndi chizungulire, kumva kwakumva, ndikulira m'makutu (Matenda a Meniere). Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la makungwa a paini kumatha kuchepa kulira m'makutu ndi zizindikiritso zonse mwa akulu omwe ali ndi matenda a Meniere.
• Zizindikiro za kusamba. Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kutenga makungwa apanyanja a pine pakamwa kumachepetsa zizindikiritso za kutha msinkhu, kuphatikiza kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kukhumudwa komanso kuda nkhawa, komanso kutentha.
• Gulu lazizindikiro zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga, matenda amtima, ndi sitiroko (metabolic syndrome). Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la pine panyanja pakamwa katatu patsiku kwa miyezi 6 kumachepetsa ma triglycerides, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kumawonjezera cholesterol ya "lipoprotein" "yabwino" kapena HDL) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amadzimadzi. .
• Kutupa (kutupa) ndi zilonda mkamwa (m'kamwa mucositis). Kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lomwe lili ndi khungwa loyenerera lanyanja lamkati mwa kamwa kwa sabata imodzi likuwoneka kuti lithandizira kuchiritsa zilonda mkamwa mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe amalandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy.
• Nyamakazi. Pali maumboni osakanikirana okhudza mphamvu ya pine ya m'nyanja ya osteoarthritis. Kutenga makungwa amtundu wa paini pakamwa kumatha kuchepetsa zizindikilo zonse, koma sikuwoneka ngati kumachepetsa kupweteka kapena kukonza luso logwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kafukufuku woyambilira adawonanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zigamba zokhala ndi makungwa amtundu wa paini pakhungu kumatha kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mafupa a m'mabondo.
• Matenda a Parkinson. Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kuchotsa makungwa a paini apakhungu limodzi ndi mankhwala a levodopa / carbidopa kumathandizira kunjenjemera ndi zizindikiritso zina zathupi. Zikuwonekeranso kuti zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito.
• Kupweteka kwa amayi apakati. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga chotsitsa chovomerezeka cha paini pakamwa tsiku lililonse m'miyezi itatu yapitayi yamimba kumachepetsa kupweteka kwakumbuyo, kupweteka kwa mafupa, kupweteka kwa m'chiuno, ndi kupweteka chifukwa cha mitsempha ya varicose kapena kukokana kwa ng'ombe.
• Kupweteka kwa m'mimba mwa akazi. Pali umboni woyambirira kuti kutenga makungwa amtundu wa paini pakamwa kumathandizira kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa m'chiuno mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi endometriosis kapena kukokana kwambiri msambo.
• Scaly, khungu loyabwa (psoriasis). Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kutenga makungwa a paini apakompyuta pakamwa kumatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa zikopa, kukonza moyo, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma steroids mwa anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis.
• Kuyankha kowawa kuzizira makamaka m'zala zakumapazi (matenda a Raynaud). Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kuchotsa makungwa a paini apakhungu kumatha kuzizira komanso kupweteka zala mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli.
• Kutaya kwa minofu yokhudzana ndi zaka (sarcopenia). Kafukufuku woyambirira adapeza kuti kutenga khungwa lokhala ndi makungwa a paini pakamwa kumathandizira minofu kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi zizindikiritso za kutayika kwa minofu.
• Vuto lokhudza autoimmune lomwe ma gland omwe amatulutsa misozi ndi malovu amawonongeka (Sjogren syndrome). Kafukufuku woyambirira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Sjogren adapeza kuti kutenga khungwa lokhala ndi zamoyo zapakhosi pakamwa kumachepetsa zizindikiritso za diso lowuma ndi pakamwa pouma. Zingathenso kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala ena.
• Matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwakukulu (systemic lupus erythematosus kapena SLE). Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga kachakudya koyenera kwamakungwa a paini pakamwa kumachepetsa zizindikilo za SLE mwa odwala ena.
• Kulira m'makutu (tinnitus). Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la makungwa a paini kumachepetsa kulira m'makutu.
• Mitsempha ya Varicose. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga khungwa lovomerezeka la khungwa la paini kumatha kuchepetsa kukokana kwamiyendo, kutupa kwamiyendo, komanso kuchuluka kwa mitsempha ya varicose ndi mitsempha ya kangaude mwa amayi atabereka.
• Kuundana kwamagazi komwe kumapangidwa m'mitsempha (venous thromboembolism kapena VTE). Kutenga makungwa apadera a m'nyanja ya pine nthawi imodzi isanachitike komanso pambuyo paulendo wautali sikuwoneka ngati yoteteza magazi kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Koma zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a post-thrombotic. Vutoli limatha kukhala mwa anthu omwe anali ndi magazi kale.
• Mtima kulephera.
• Kupweteka kwa minofu.
• Mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito.
• Kupewa sitiroko.
• Zochitika zina.

Umboni wina umafunikira kuti muchepetse paini wapamadzi pazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Pine ya panyanja imakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zingathandize kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Zitha kupatsanso chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchepetsa kutupa, kupewa matenda, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira za antioxidant.

Mukamamwa: Chotsitsa chokhazikika cha makungwa a paini apanyanja (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) ndi WOTSATIRA BWINO Mlingo wa 50-450 mg tsiku lililonse mpaka chaka chimodzi. Zitha kuyambitsa chizungulire, mavuto am'mimba, kupweteka mutu, zilonda mkamwa, komanso kununkha koipa.

Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu: Chotsitsa chokhazikika cha makungwa a paini apanyanja (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) ndi WOTSATIRA BWINO monga kirimu mpaka masiku 7 kapena ngati ufa mpaka milungu isanu ndi umodzi.

Chenjezo lapadera & machenjezo:

Mimba ndi kuyamwitsa: Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kuchotsedwa kokhazikika kwa makungwa a paini apanyanja (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) ndi WOTSATIRA BWINO ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa mimba. Komabe, mpaka zambiri zidziwike, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kapena kupewa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi pakati.

Palibe zodalirika zokwanira zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapamadzi ngati mukuyamwitsa. Khalani otetezeka ndikupewa kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ana: Chotsitsa chokhazikika cha makungwa a paini apanyanja (Pycnogenol, Horphag Research) ndi WOTSATIRA BWINO ikamamwa pakamwa, posachedwa.

"Matenda odziletsa" monga multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), nyamakazi (RA), kapena zina: Maritime pine atha kupangitsa kuti chitetezo cha m'thupi chizikhala champhamvu, ndipo izi zitha kukulitsa zizindikilo za matenda omwe amateteza kumatenda. Ngati muli ndi imodzi mwazimenezi, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito paini yapamadzi ..

Magazi: Mwachidziwitso, mlingo waukulu wa paini wa m'nyanja ukhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo chotaya magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi magazi.

Matenda a shuga: Mwachidziwitso, mlingo waukulu wa paini wapamadzi ukhoza kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Chiwindi: Mwachidziwitso, kutenga maritime pine kungapangitse chiwindi kugwira ntchito mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi.

Opaleshoni: Pine yapamadzi imatha kuchepa magazi ndikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Pali nkhawa ina yomwe ingayambitse shuga m'magazi kutsika kwambiri ndikuwonjezera mwayi wakutaya magazi nthawi komanso pambuyo pochita opaleshoni. Lekani kugwiritsa ntchito paini wapamadzi osachepera milungu iwiri asanachite opareshoni.

Wamkati

Samalani ndi kuphatikiza uku.

Mankhwala a shuga (Mankhwala oletsa matenda a shuga)

Pine ya m'nyanja imatha kuchepa shuga. Mankhwala a shuga amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Kutenga paini yapamadzi komanso mankhwala ashuga atha kupangitsa kuti magazi anu azikhala otsika kwambiri. Onetsetsani shuga lanu lamagazi mwatcheru. Mlingo wa mankhwala anu ashuga angafunike kusinthidwa.

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda a shuga ndi glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), ndi ena. Njira yogwirira ntchito siyikudziwika bwinobwino.

Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi (Immunosuppressants)

Pine ya m'nyanja ikuwoneka kuti ikuchulukitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Powonjezera chitetezo cha m'thupi, paini yamchere imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi.

Mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf ), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), corticosteroids (glucocorticoids), ndi ena.

Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kugwetsa magazi (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drug)

Paini yam'madzi imatha kuchepa magazi. Kutenga paini yapamadzi limodzi ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutseka kwa magazi kumatha kuwonjezera mwayi wakukulira ndi magazi.

Mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa kugwetsa magazi ndi monga aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), ndi ena.

Zitsamba ndi zowonjezera zomwe zingachepetse shuga m'magazi

Pine yapamadzi imatha kutsitsa magazi m'magazi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi zitsamba zina kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zingayambitse shuga m'magazi kutsika kwambiri. Zitsamba zina ndi zowonjezera zomwe zingachepetse shuga wamagazi zimaphatikizapo alpha-lipoic acid, chromium, claw's devil, fenugreek, adyo, guar chingamu, chestnut kavalo, Panax ginseng, psyllium, ginseng waku Siberia, ndi ena.

Zitsamba ndi zowonjezera zomwe zingachedwetse magazi kugunda

Kugwiritsa ntchito paini yapamadzi limodzi ndi zitsamba zomwe zingachedwetse magazi kugundika zitha kuwonjezera ngozi yakutuluka magazi kwa anthu ena. Zitsambazi ndi monga angelica, clove, danshen, adyo, ginger, ginkgo, Panax ginseng, ndi ena.

Palibe zochitika zodziwika ndi zakudya.

Mlingo wotsatira udaphunziridwa pakufufuza kwasayansi:

ACHIKULU

NDI PAKAMWA:

• Mphumu: 1 mg wa makungwa amtundu wa paini ochotsedwa pa kilogalamu imodzi yolemera thupi, mpaka kufika 200 mg / tsiku, wapatsidwa magawo awiri ogawanika kwa mwezi umodzi. Komanso, 50 mg yotulutsa yomweyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi 6.
• Kuchita masewera: 100-200 mg kuchotsera makungwa a pine oyimira kamodzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi 1-2.
• Kuyenda kosavomerezeka komwe kumatha kupangitsa kuti miyendo ifufume (kutsekeka kwa venous kapena CVI): 45-360 mg wa makungwa amtundu wa paini amtundu uliwonse amatengedwa tsiku lililonse mpaka magawo atatu ogawanika kwamasabata 3-12.

ANA

NDI PAKAMWA:

• Mphumu: 1 mg wa makungwa amtundu wa paini okhazikika pa paundi imodzi yolemera thupi watengedwa m'magawo awiri ogawanika kwa miyezi itatu ndi ana ndi achinyamata azaka 6-18.

Tannins, Condorce de Pin, orcorce de Pin Maritime, Extrit d'Écorce de Pin, French Marine Pine Makungwa Tingafinye, French Maritime Pine Makungwa Tingafinye, Leucoanthocyanidins, Maritime Makungwa Tingafinye, Oligomères de Procyanidine, Oligomères Procyaniderics, Oligomères Procyanidolis, Oligomères Procyanidolis Oliganticos, , PCO, PCOs, Pine Makungwa, Pine Makungwa Tingafinye, Pinus pinaster, Pinus maritima, Proanthocyanidines Oligomériques, Procyanidin Oligomers, Procyanodolic Oligomers, Pycnogenol, Pycnogénol, Pygenol, Tannins Condensés.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe nkhaniyi idalembedwera, chonde onani Mankhwala Achilengedwe Pazonse njira.

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Idasinthidwa - 10/02/2020