Kodi matenda opatsirana mchipatala ndi mitundu, ndipo amathandizidwa bwanji?

Zamkati

• Matenda ofala kwambiri
• 1. Chibayo
• 2. Matenda a mkodzo
• 3. Matenda a khungu
• 4. Matenda a magazi
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu

Matenda a chipatala, kapena Health Care Related Infection (HAI) amatanthauzidwa kuti ndi matenda aliwonse omwe munthu amalandira atalandiridwa kuchipatala, ndipo amatha kuwonekerabe nthawi yachipatala, kapena atatuluka, bola ngati zikugwirizana ndi kuchipatala kapena njira zomwe zachitika ku chipatala.

Kukhala ndi matenda mchipatala si zachilendo, chifukwa uku ndi komwe anthu ambiri amadwala komanso kulandira mankhwala opha tizilombo. Nthawi yakuchipatala, zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi:

• Kusiyanitsa kwa zomera za bakiteriya khungu ndi thupi, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki;
• Kugwa kwa chitetezo cha chitetezo chamthupi wa munthu wogonekedwa mchipatala, onse matendawa komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala;
• Kuchita njira zida zowononga monga kuyika catheter, kuika catheter, biopsies, endoscopies kapena maopaleshoni, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimaphwanya zoteteza pakhungu.

Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda mchipatala sizimayambitsa matenda nthawi zina, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe ndi mabakiteriya ochepa osavulaza komanso kutsika kwa kukana kwa wodwalayo kuti kuthetsedwe. Ngakhale zili choncho, mabakiteriya azachipatala amakhala ndi matenda akulu omwe ndi ovuta kuwachiza, chifukwa amalimbana ndi maantibayotiki, motero, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki amphamvu kwambiri kuti athetse matenda amtunduwu.

Matenda ofala kwambiri

Matenda omwe amapezeka kuchipatala amatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimasiyana kutengera tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matendawa komanso njira yolowera mthupi. Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri kuchipatala ndi awa:

1. Chibayo

Chibayo chotengera kuchipatala nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowopsa ndipo chimafala kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali chigonere, osakomoka kapena ovuta kumeza, chifukwa chowopsa chofuna kudya kapena malovu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kupuma amatha kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana kuchipatala.

Ena mwa mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mumtunduwu ndi awaKlebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella sp., kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya mavairasi ndi bowa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi chibayo cha kuchipatala ndizopweteka pachifuwa, kutsokomola ndi kutuluka kwachikasu kapena magazi, malungo, kutopa, kusowa njala komanso kupuma movutikira.

2. Matenda a mkodzo

Matenda a mumkodzo amathandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku panthawi yachipatala, ngakhale aliyense atha kukhala nawo. Mabakiteriya ena omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi ndi awa Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Enterococcus faecalis ndi bowa, monga Kandida sp.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Matenda a mkodzo amatha kudziwika ndi kupweteka kapena kuwotcha mukakodza, kupweteka m'mimba, kupezeka kwa magazi mumkodzo ndi malungo.

3. Matenda a khungu

Matenda akhungu ndiofala chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni komanso kupezeka kwa mankhwala kapena zitsanzo za mayeso, opareshoni kapena zipsera za biopsy kapena mapangidwe a bedsores. Tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda timakhalaStaphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp, Serratia sp., Streptococcus sp. ndipo Staphylococcus epidermidis, Mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Pankhani ya matenda akhungu, pakhoza kukhala malo ofiira ndi kutupa m'deralo, komwe kulibe matuza kapena kulibe. Nthawi zambiri, tsambalo limakhala lopweteka komanso lotentha, ndipo pakhoza kukhala zotulutsa zotulutsa zotuluka ndi zotuluka.

4. Matenda a magazi

Matenda am'magazi amatchedwa septicemia ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pambuyo pofalikira kwa gawo lina la thupi, lomwe limafalikira kudzera m'magazi. Matenda amtunduwu ndi owopsa, ndipo akapanda kuchiritsidwa msanga amatha kuyambitsa ziwalo kulephera komanso kufa. Tizilombo tonse topezeka m'matendawa timatha kufalikira m'magazi, ndipo ena mwa omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis kapena Kandida, Mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi matenda m'magazi ndi malungo, kuzizira, kugunda, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kugona. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire matendawa m'magazi anu.

Palinso mitundu ina yocheperako yamatenda otchedwa nosocomial, omwe amakhudza magawo osiyanasiyana amthupi, monga m'kamwa, m'mimba, maliseche, maso kapena makutu, mwachitsanzo. Matenda aliwonse pachipatala ayenera kudziwika mwachangu ndikuthandizidwa ndi maantibayotiki oyenera, kuti asatengeke ndikuwononga moyo wa munthu.Choncho, pamaso pa chizindikiro chilichonse kapena chizindikiro cha vutoli, dokotala woyenera ayenera kuuzidwa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu

Aliyense atha kukhala ndi matenda mchipatala, komabe omwe ali ndi vuto loteteza chitetezo chamthupi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, monga:

• Okalamba;
• Akhanda;
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa cha matenda monga Edzi, pambuyo pake kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• Matenda a shuga osagonjetsedwa bwino;
• Anthu ogona kapena asintha kuzindikira, popeza ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhumba;
• Matenda a mitsempha, osayenda bwino, chifukwa amalepheretsa oxygenation ndi machiritso am'mimba;
• Odwala omwe amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowononga, monga catheterization yamikodzo, kuyika kwa catheter ya venous, kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino ndi zida;
• Kuchita maopaleshoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchipatala komwe amakhala nthawi yayitali, kumakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda mchipatala, popeza pali mwayi wambiri wokumana ndi zoopsa ndi tizilombo todalirika.