Mlembi: Gregory Harris
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 10 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 26 Kuni 2024
Anonim
Organic Guaraná in Brazil: Indigenous peoples show the way | Global Ideas
Kanema: Organic Guaraná in Brazil: Indigenous peoples show the way | Global Ideas

Zamkati

Guarana ndi chomera. Amatchulidwa kuti fuko la a Guarani ku Amazon, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito njere zake popanga chakumwa. Masiku ano, mbewu za guarana zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati mankhwala.

Anthu amatenga guarana pakamwa kunenepa kwambiri, masewera othamanga, magwiridwe antchito, kuwonjezera mphamvu, monga aphrodisiac, ndi zina zambiri, koma palibe umboni wabwino wasayansi wotsimikizira izi. Guarana imakhalanso yotetezeka mukamamwa nthawi yayitali.

Mankhwala Achilengedwe Pazonse mitengo yogwira ntchito potengera umboni wasayansi molingana ndi muyeso wotsatirawu: Wogwira Mtima, Wogwira Mtima, Mwinanso Wogwira Ntchito, Mwinanso Wosagwira Ntchito, Mwinanso Wosagwira Ntchito, Wosagwira Ntchito, Ndi Umboni Wosakwanira Wowerengera.

Kuchita bwino kwa GUARANA ndi awa:

Umboni wosakwanira woti ungagwire bwino ntchito ...

  • Nkhawa. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga mankhwala okhala ndi hawthorn, black horehound, passionflower, valerian, cola nut, ndi guarana kumatha kuchepetsa nkhawa kwa anthu ena. Sizikudziwika ngati guarana yokha ndiyopindulitsa.
  • Kusowa kwa njala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kutenga mankhwala a guarana kumathandizira pang'ono kudya komanso kumateteza kuchepa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa omwe ataya chilakolako chawo ndikuchepetsa. Koma phindu ndilochepa kwambiri.
  • Kutopa mwa anthu omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala a khansa. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kumwa guarana kumachepetsa kutopa kwa anthu ena omwe amalandira chemotherapy. Koma zotsutsana zilipo.
  • Kupititsa patsogolo kukumbukira kukumbukira ndi kulingalira (kuzindikira ntchito). Kafukufuku woyambirira kwa anthu athanzi akuwonetsa kuti kumwa kachilombo kamodzi ka guarana kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kuganiza mozama komanso zina zokumbukira. Komabe, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti kumwa guarana sikuthandizira magwiridwe antchito akulu kapena achikulire.
  • Kuchita masewera. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kumwa mankhwala amodzi omwe ali ndi guarana, mavitamini B, vitamini C, ndi mchere kumathandizira kulimbitsa thupi kwa othamanga ophunzitsidwa pang'ono. Sizikudziwika ngati guarana yokha ndiyopindulitsa.
  • Kunenepa kwambiri. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi mkazi ndi damiana kumawoneka kuti kumakulitsa kuchepa thupi. Palinso umboni wopanga kuti kutenga mankhwala osakaniza omwe ali ndi guarana, ephedra, ndi mavitamini ena 17, mchere, ndi zowonjezera kumathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa pafupifupi 2.7 kg pa milungu 8 mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Sizikudziwika ngati guarana yokha ndiyopindulitsa.
  • Kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kumwa guarana sikumapangitsa kuti anthu athanzi akhale ndi thanzi labwino.
  • Matenda akulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwa radiation. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kumwa guarana sikuthandizira kuti munthu azikhala ndi nkhawa kapena atatopa mwa anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo chama radiation.
  • Kuchita masewera.
  • Matenda otopa kwambiri (CFS).
  • Kutsekula m'mimba.
  • Kulephera kwa Erectile (ED).
  • Kutopa.
  • Malungo.
  • Kusungidwa kwamadzimadzi.
  • Mutu.
  • Matenda a mtima.
  • Kuchulukitsa chilakolako chogonana mwa anthu athanzi.
  • Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
  • Malungo.
  • Kupweteka kwa msambo (dysmenorrhea).
  • Matenda a nyamakazi (RA).
  • Zochitika zina.
Umboni wina umafunikira kuti tiwone momwe guarana imagwirira ntchito.

Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine imagwira ntchito polimbikitsa dongosolo lamanjenje (CNS), mtima, ndi minofu. Guarana imakhalanso ndi theophylline ndi theobromine, omwe ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi caffeine.

Mukamamwa: Guarana ali WABWINO WABWINO kwa achikulire ambiri akamwedwa mu kuchuluka komwe kumapezeka muzakudya. Akamwedwa pakamwa ngati mankhwala kwakanthawi kochepa, guarana ndi WOTSATIRA BWINO.

Mukamamwa pakamwa mokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali, guarana ndi ZOTSATIRA ZOSATETEZEKA. Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Mlingo wokhala ndi 400 mg ya caffeine tsiku lililonse umalumikizidwa ndi zovuta. Zotsatira zoyipa zimadalira mlingo. Pafupipafupi, caffeine ku guarana imatha kuyambitsa tulo, mantha komanso kusowa mtendere, kuyabwa m'mimba, nseru, kusanza, kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupuma mwachangu, kunjenjemera, delirium, diuresis, ndi zovuta zina. Mlingo waukulu wa guarana ungayambitse kupweteka mutu, kuda nkhawa, kusakhazikika, kulira m'makutu, kupweteka pokodza, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, komanso kugunda kwamtima mosalekeza. Anthu omwe amatenga guarana pafupipafupi amatha kukhala ndi zizolowezi zotulutsa khofi ngati achepetsa mlingo wawo.

Mukamamwa pakamwa kapena kubayidwa jakisoni kwambiri, guarana ndi NGATI MWATETEZA ndipo ngakhale zakupha, chifukwa cha zakumwa za khofi. Mlingo wowopsa wa caffeine akuti ndi 10-14 magalamu. Poizoni wowopsa amathanso kupezeka pamlingo wochepa, kutengera chidwi cha munthu wa khofi kapena kapenanso kusuta, msinkhu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito caffeine m'mbuyomu.

Chenjezo lapadera & machenjezo:

Mimba ndi kuyamwitsa: Guarana ali WOTSATIRA BWINO Kwa amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa akamwedwa kuchuluka komwe kumapezeka muzakudya. Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuyamwitsa, guarana muyenera kumwa mosamala chifukwa cha zakumwa za khofi. Zing'onozing'ono mwina sizowononga. Komabe, kumwa guarana mwa kumwa kwambiri ndi ZOTSATIRA ZOSATETEZEKA. Kumwa mafuta opitilira 300 mg ya caffeine tsiku lililonse kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chopita padera ndi zovuta zina.

Mwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa, tiyi kapena khofi amapita mkaka wa m'mawere ndipo amatha kukhudza khanda loyamwitsa. Amayi oyamwitsa ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kudya kwa caffeine kuti awonetsetse kuti ili mbali yotsika. Kudya kwambiri caffeine ndi amayi oyamwitsa kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ogona, kukwiya, komanso kuchuluka kwa matumbo m'makanda oyamwitsa.

Nkhawa: Kafeini ku guarana amatha kukulitsa nkhawa.

Kusokonezeka kwa magazi: Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti caffeine ku guarana imatha kukulitsa zovuta zamagazi, ngakhale izi sizinanenedwe mwa anthu. Ngati muli ndi vuto lakutaya magazi, kambiranani ndi omwe amakuthandizani musanayambe guarana.

Matenda a shuga: Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti caffeine ku guarana imatha kukhudza momwe anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amasinthira shuga (glucose) ndipo amatha kupangitsa kuti magazi asamayende bwino. Palinso kafukufuku wosangalatsa yemwe akuwonetsa kuti caffeine imatha kukulitsa zizindikiritso za shuga wotsika m'magazi mwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti zizindikilo za shuga wotsika kwambiri m'magazi zimayamba kwambiri akayamba kusala ndi khofi, koma shuga wotsika magazi akamapitilira, zizindikilo zimakulira ndi caffeine. Izi zitha kukulitsa kuthekera kwa odwala matenda ashuga kuti azindikire ndikuchiza shuga wotsika magazi. Komabe, choyipa ndichakuti caffeine itha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa magawo otsika kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, kambiranani ndi omwe amakuthandizani asanayambe guarana.

Kutsekula m'mimba. Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kafeini ku guarana, makamaka akamamwa yambiri, amatha kukulitsa kutsegula m'mimba.

Kugwidwa. Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine ku guarana amatha kuwonjezera ngozi yakukomoka ndikuchepetsa maubwino amankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kugwidwa. Ngati mukumva khunyu, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani musanagwiritse ntchito guarana.

Matenda owopsa am'mimba (IBS): Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine ku guarana, makamaka akamamwa yambiri, imatha kukulitsa kutsekula m'mimba ndipo imatha kukulitsa m'mimba anthu ena omwe ali ndi IBS.

Matenda a mtima: Kafeini ku guarana amatha kuyambitsa kugunda kwamtima kwa anthu ena. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kutenga guarana kumatha kukweza kuthamanga kwa magazi, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha zakumwa za caffeine. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zochepa kwa anthu omwe amamwa khofi nthawi zonse kapena amagwiritsa ntchito caffeine pafupipafupi.

Glaucoma: Kafeini ku guarana amachulukitsa kupanikizika mkati mwa diso. Kuchulukaku kumachitika mkati mwa mphindi 30 ndipo kumatenga mphindi 90 mutamwa zakumwa za khofi.

Mavuto owongolera chikhodzodzo (Incontinence): Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kafeini ku guarana amatha kuchepetsa kuwongolera chikhodzodzo, makamaka azimayi achikulire. Ngati mukufuna kukodza pafupipafupi, gwiritsani ntchito guarana mosamala.

Kufooka kwa mafupa: Kafeini ku guarana amatha kutulutsa calcium kuchokera mthupi kudzera mu impso. Kutayika kwa calcium kumeneku kumatha kufooketsa mafupa. Ngati muli ndi matenda a kufooka kwa mafupa, musamwe kuposa 300 mg ya caffeine patsiku. Kutenga zowonjezera calcium kungathandizenso m'malo mwa calcium iliyonse yotayika. Ngati mumakhala wathanzi komanso mumapeza calcium yokwanira kuchokera pachakudya chanu kapena zowonjezera, kumwa mpaka 400 mg ya caffeine patsiku sikuwoneka kuti kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mafupa.

Matenda achizungu: Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kafeini ku guarana amatha kukulitsa zizindikilo za schizophrenia. Ngati muli ndi schizophrenia, gwiritsani ntchito guarana mosamala.

Zazikulu
Musatenge kuphatikiza uku.
Amphetamine
Mankhwala olimbikitsa monga amphetamines amathamangitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Powonjezera dongosolo lamanjenje, mankhwala opatsa mphamvu amatha kukupangitsani kumva kuti ndinu achabechabe komanso kukulitsa kugunda kwa mtima wanu. Kafeini ku guarana amathanso kufulumizitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Kutenga guarana pamodzi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungayambitse mavuto aakulu kuphatikizapo kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pewani kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso caffeine.
Cocaine
Mankhwala olimbikitsa monga cocaine amathamangitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Powonjezera dongosolo lamanjenje, mankhwala opatsa mphamvu amatha kukupangitsani kumva kuti ndinu achabechabe komanso kukulitsa kugunda kwa mtima wanu. Kafeini ku guarana amathanso kufulumizitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Kutenga guarana pamodzi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungayambitse mavuto aakulu kuphatikizapo kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pewani kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso caffeine.
Ephedrine
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathamangitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Caffeine (yomwe ili mu guarana) ndi ephedrine onse ndi mankhwala olimbikitsa. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi ephedrine kumatha kuyambitsa kukondoweza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa komanso mavuto amtima. Musatenge mankhwala okhala ndi caffeine ndi ephedrine nthawi yomweyo.
Wamkati
Samalani ndi kuphatikiza uku.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kafeini ku guarana atha kulepheretsa kukhudzidwa kwa adenosine (Adenocard). Adenosine (Adenocard) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala kuti ayese pamtima. Kuyesaku kumatchedwa kuyesa kwa mtima. Lekani kumwa guarana kapena mankhwala ena ali ndi caffeine osachepera maola 24 musanayezetse mtima.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena. Caffeine ku guarana amachepetsa zovuta za carbamazepine (Tegretol) kapena amachulukitsa momwe munthu angayambukire. Mwachidziwitso, kutenga guarana ndi carbamazepine (Tegretol) kungachepetse zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha anthu ena.
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Cimetidine (Tagamet) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi lanu limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kutenga cimetidine (Tagamet) limodzi ndi guarana kumatha kuwonjezera mwayi wazotsatira za caffeine kuphatikiza jitteriness, mutu, kugunda kwamtima, ndi ena.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Thupi limaphwanya clozapine (Clozaril) kuti lichotse. Kafeini ku guarana akuwoneka kuti amachepetsa momwe thupi limaphwanyira clozapine (Clozaril) mwachangu. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi clozapine (Clozaril) kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zoyipa za clozapine (Clozaril).
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kafeini ku guarana atha kuletsa zotsatira za dipyridamole (Persantine). Dipyridamole (Persantine) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala kuti ayese pamtima. Kuyesaku kumatchedwa kuyesa kwa mtima. Lekani kumwa guarana kapena mankhwala ena ali ndi caffeine osachepera maola 24 musanayezetse mtima.
Disulfiram (Kuthetsa)
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Disulfiram (Antabuse) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limachotsera tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kutenga guarana (yomwe ili ndi caffeine) limodzi ndi disulfiram (Antabuse) kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zoyipa za caffeine kuphatikiza jitteriness, hyperactivity, irritability, ndi ena.
Estrogens
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine ku guarana kuti lichotse. Estrogens imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu kwambiri. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi estrogens kumatha kubweretsa jitteriness, mutu, kugunda kwamtima, komanso zovuta zina. Ngati mutenga ma estrogens, muchepetseni kumwa khofiine.

Mapiritsi ena a estrogen amaphatikizapo conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, ndi ena.
Makhalidwe
Ethnosuximide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mitundu ina yakugwa. Caffeine ku guarana amachepetsa zovuta za ethnosuximide kapena kuwonjezera momwe munthu angayambukire. Mwachidziwitso, kumwa guarana ndi ethnosuximide kungachepetse zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa.
Felbamate
Felbamate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mitundu ina ya khunyu. Caffeine ku guarana amachepetsa zovuta za felbamate kapena amachulukitsa momwe munthu angayambukire. Mwachidziwitso, kutenga guarana ndi felbamate kungachepetse zotsatira zake komanso kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa.
Flutamide (Eulexin)
Thupi limaphwanya flutamide (Eulexin) kuti lichotse. Caffeine ku guarana amatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagwetsera msanga flutamide (Eulexin). Mwachidziwitso, kutenga guarana limodzi ndi flutamide (Eulexin) kumatha kuyambitsa kwambiri flutamide (Eulexin) mthupi ndikuwonjezera mavuto.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine ku guarana kuti lichotse. Fluvoxamine (Luvox) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi fluvoxamine (Luvox) kumatha kuyambitsa khofiine wambiri mthupi, ndikuwonjezera zotsatira zake zoyipa za caffeine.
Lifiyamu
Thupi lanu mwachilengedwe limachotsa lithiamu. Kafeini ku guarana amatha kuwonjezera momwe thupi lanu limachotsera lithiamu mwachangu. Ngati mutenga mankhwala omwe ali ndi caffeine ndipo mumamwa ma lithiamu, siyani kumwa mankhwala a caffeine pang'onopang'ono. Kuyimitsa caffeine mwachangu kumatha kukulitsa zovuta za lithiamu.
Mankhwala a mphumu (Beta-adrenergic agonists)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine imatha kulimbikitsa mtima. Mankhwala ena a mphumu amathanso kulimbikitsa mtima. Kutenga caffeine ndi mankhwala ena a mphumu kumatha kuyambitsa chidwi kwambiri ndikupangitsa mavuto amtima.

Mankhwala ena a mphumu ndi albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, Volmax), metaproterenol (Alupent), terbutaline (Bricanyl, Brethine), ndi isoproterenol (Isuprel).
Mankhwala a kukhumudwa (MAOIs)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine imatha kulimbikitsa thupi. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhumudwa amathanso kulimbitsa thupi. Kutenga guarana ndimankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito kukhumudwa kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa kuphatikiza kugunda kwamtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi, mantha, ndi ena.

Ena mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhumudwa ndi monga phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), ndi ena.
Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kugwetsa magazi (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drug)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine imatha kuchepa magazi. Kutenga guarana pamodzi ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutsekemera kungapangitse mwayi wovulala ndi magazi.

Mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa kugwetsa magazi ndi monga aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, ena), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, ena), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, ena), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox) , heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), ndi ena.
Chikonga
Mankhwala olimbikitsa monga chikonga amathamangitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Powonjezera dongosolo lamanjenje, mankhwala opatsa mphamvu amatha kukupangitsani kumva kuti ndinu achabechabe komanso kukulitsa kugunda kwa mtima wanu. Kafeini ku guarana amathanso kufulumizitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Kutenga guarana pamodzi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungayambitse mavuto aakulu kuphatikizapo kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pewani kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso caffeine.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Zotsatira zoyipa za caffeine ku guarana zitha kuletsa zomwe zimapangitsa kugona kwa pentobarbital.
Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mitundu ina yakugwa. Caffeine, yomwe ili mu guarana, imatha kuchepetsa zovuta za phenobarbital kapena kukulitsa momwe munthu angayambukire. Mwachidziwitso, kutenga guarana ndi phenobarbital kungachepetse zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa.
Phenylpropanolamine
Kafeini ku guarana amatha kutulutsa thupi. Phenylpropanolamine amathanso kulimbitsa thupi. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi phenylpropanolamine kumatha kuyambitsa kukondoweza kwambiri ndikuwonjezera kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikupangitsa mantha.
Phenytoin
Phenytoin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mitundu ina ya khunyu. Caffeine ku guarana amachepetsa zovuta za phenytoin kapena amachulukitsa momwe angayambukire. Mwachidziwitso, kumwa guarana ndi phenytoin kungachepetse zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa.
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Thupi limaphwanya riluzole (Rilutek) kuti lichotse. Kutenga guarana kumatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagwetsera riluzole (Rilutek) mwachangu ndikuwonjezera zovuta ndi zoyipa za riluzole.
Mankhwala olimbikitsa
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathamangitsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Mwa kufulumizitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, mankhwala opatsa mphamvu amatha kukupangitsani kukhala omangika komanso kufulumizitsa kugunda kwanu. Guarana ili ndi caffeine, yomwe imathamangitsanso dongosolo lamanjenje. Kutenga guarana pamodzi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungayambitse mavuto aakulu kuphatikizapo kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pewani kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso guarana.

Mankhwala ena opatsa mphamvu amaphatikizapo chikonga, cocaine, amine wothandizirana nawo, ndi amphetamines.
Theophylline
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine imagwiranso ntchito theophylline. Caffeine amathanso kuchepa momwe thupi limachotsera theophylline mwachangu. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi theophylline kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zovuta za theophylline.
Valproate
Valproate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mitundu ina yakugwa. Caffeine ku guarana amachepetsa zovuta za valproate kapena amachulukitsa momwe munthu angayambukire. Mwachidziwitso, kutenga guarana ndi valproate kungachepetse zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwidwa.
Verapamil (Kalanani, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan)
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine ku guarana kuti lichotse. Verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limachotsera tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan) kumatha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo za khofi kuphatikizapo jitteriness, mutu, komanso kugunda kwamtima.
Mapiritsi amadzi (Mankhwala osokoneza bongo)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine amachepetsa potaziyamu. "Mapiritsi amadzi" amathanso kutsitsa potaziyamu mthupi. Mwachidziwitso, kumwa guarana ndi mapiritsi amadzi kumatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu kutsika kwambiri.
Ma "pilisi amadzi" ena omwe amatha kumaliza potaziyamu ndi monga chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDiuril, Microzide), ndi ena.
Zing'onozing'ono
Khalani maso ndi kuphatikiza uku.
Mowa
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine ku guarana kuti lichotse. Mowa umatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira caffeine mwachangu. Kutenga guarana pamodzi ndi mowa kumatha kuyambitsa caffeine wambiri m'magazi komanso zoyipa za caffeine kuphatikiza jitteriness, mutu, komanso kugunda kwamtima.
Maantibayotiki (Quinolone antibiotics)
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuchokera ku guarana kuti lichotse. Mankhwala ena amatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu kwambiri. Kumwa mankhwalawa limodzi ndi guarana kumatha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo monga kupwetekedwa mtima, kupweteka mutu, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi ena.

Maantibayotiki ena omwe amachepetsa momwe thupi limathira khofi mwachangu amaphatikizapo ciprofloxacin (Cipro), gemifloxacin (Factive), levofloxacin (Levaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), ndi ena
Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka (Mankhwala oletsa kubereka)
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine ku guarana kuti lichotse. Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka amatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu kwambiri. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kumatha kubweretsa jitteriness, mutu, kugunda kwamtima, komanso zovuta zina.

Mapiritsi ena oletsa kubereka ndi ethinyl estradiol ndi levonorgestrel (Triphasil), ethinyl estradiol ndi norethindrone (Ortho-Novum 1/35, Ortho-Novum 7/7/7), ndi ena.
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Fluconazole (Diflucan) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limachotsera tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi fluconazole (Diflucan) kumatha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatira za caffeine monga mantha, nkhawa, ndi kusowa tulo.
Mankhwala a shuga (Mankhwala oletsa matenda a shuga)
Guarana akhoza kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi. Mankhwala a shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa magazi. Powonjezera shuga m'magazi, guarana ikhoza kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala ashuga. Onetsetsani shuga lanu lamagazi mwatcheru. Mlingo wa mankhwala anu ashuga angafunike kusinthidwa.

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda a shuga ndi glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), .
Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ena ndi chiwindi (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) inhibitors)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Caffeine amasinthidwa ndikuwonongeka ndi chiwindi. Mankhwala ena amachepetsa momwe chiwindi chimasinthira mwachangu ndikuphwanya mankhwala ena owonjezera. Kutenga guarana limodzi ndi mankhwalawa kumachedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa caffeine ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa caffeine.
Ena mwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza chiwindi ndi fluvoxamine, mexiletine, clozapine, psoralens, furafylline, theophylline, idrocilamide, ndi ena.
Metformin
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Metformin imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kutenga metformin limodzi ndi guarana kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zoyipa za caffeine.
Methoxsalen
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Methoxsalen imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu kwambiri. Kutenga methoxsalen limodzi ndi guarana kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zoyipa za caffeine.
Mexiletine (Mexitil)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Mexiletine (Mexitil) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kutenga mexiletine (Mexitil) limodzi ndi guarana kumatha kuwonjezera zotsatira za caffeine ndi zoyipa za guarana.
Phenothiazines
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Phenothiazines amatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kutenga phenothiazines limodzi ndi guarana kumatha kukulitsa zovuta ndi zoyipa za caffeine.
Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Thupi limaphwanya caffeine (yomwe ili mu guarana) kuti lichotse. Terbinafine (Lamisil) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limachotsera tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo monga kupwetekedwa mtima, kupweteka mutu, kugunda kwamtima, ndi zina.
Zamgululi
Tiagabine imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mitundu ina yakugwa. Caffeine ku guarana sikuwoneka kuti imakhudza zotsatira za tiagabine. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi kapena khofi kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa tiagabine. Mwachidziwitso, kugwiritsa ntchito guarana kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zofananira.
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Ticlopidine (Ticlid) imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limachotsera tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Mwachidziwitso, kumwa guarana pamodzi ndi ticlopidine (Ticlid) kungapangitse ngozi ya zotsatira za caffeine.
Zowawa lalanje
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kutenga lalanje lowawitsa pamodzi ndi zitsamba zomwe zili ndi caffeine, guarana yotere, kumakulitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kugunda kwa mtima kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda abwinobwino. Izi zitha kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndimavuto amtima ndi mitsempha.
Zitsamba zam'khofi ndi zowonjezera
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kutenga mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ena omwe amakhalanso ndi caffeine kumatha kukulitsa zotsatira zovulaza komanso zothandiza za caffeine. Zinthu zina zachilengedwe zomwe zili ndi caffeine ndi monga khofi, tiyi wakuda, tiyi wobiriwira, tiyi wa oolong, tiyi, mnzake, ndi kola.
Calcium
Kafeini wambiri kuchokera ku zakudya, zakumwa, ndi zitsamba kuphatikizapo guarana amachulukitsa mkodzo wa calcium.
Chilengedwe
Pali nkhawa kuti kuphatikiza caffeine, ephedra, ndi creatine kungapangitse ngozi yoyipa. Pali lipoti loti wopwetekedwa ndi wothamanga yemwe adatenga magalamu 6 a creatine monohydrate, 400-600 mg wa caffeine, 40-60 mg ya ephedra, ndi zina zowonjezera zowonjezera tsiku lililonse kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Caffeine amathanso kuchepetsa zotsatira zopindulitsa za creatine pamasewera othamanga.
Danshen, PA
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Danshen imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira caffeine mwachangu. Kugwiritsa ntchito danshen ndi guarana kumatha kukulitsa magawo a caffeine.
Echinachea
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Echinacea imatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kugwiritsa ntchito echinacea ndi guarana kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa caffeine.
Ephedra (Ma huang)
Ephedra ndikulimbikitsa. Guarana ndizopatsa mphamvu, chifukwa ndizomwe zili ndi caffeine. Kugwiritsa ntchito ephedra limodzi ndi guarana kumatha kuyambitsa kukondoweza kwakukulu mthupi. Lipoti losasindikizidwa limalumikizitsa jitteriness, kuthamanga kwa magazi, khunyu, kutaya chidziwitso kwakanthawi, komanso kugona kuchipatala komwe kumafuna chithandizo chamoyo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a ephedra ndi guarana (caffeine). Musatenge guarana ndi ephedra kapena zowonjezera zina.
Zitsamba ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimachedwetsa magazi kuundana (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet zitsamba ndi zowonjezera
Guarana ikuwoneka kuti ikutha kuchepetsa magazi. Kuigwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi zitsamba zina ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimachedwetsanso magazi kugundana zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chotaya magazi mwa anthu ena. Zina mwa zitsambazi ndi monga angelica, clove, danshen, adyo, ginger, ginkgo, ndi Panax ginseng.
Kudzu
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Kudzu amachepetsa momwe thupi limaphwanyire tiyi kapena khofi mwachangu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kudzu ndi guarana kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa caffeine.
Mankhwala enaake a
Kumwa kwambiri khofi kuchokera ku zakudya, zakumwa, ndi zitsamba kuphatikiza guarana kumawonjezera kutuluka kwa magnesium.
Melatonin
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Kutenga caffeine limodzi ndi melatonin kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa melatonin. Mwachidziwitso, kutenga guarana ndi melatonin kumawonjezeranso milingo ya melatonin.
Clover wofiira
Guarana ili ndi caffeine. Thupi limaphwanya caffeine kuti lichotse. Kutenga clover yofiira kumatha kuchepa momwe thupi limagawira caffeine mwachangu. Mwachidziwitso, kutenga red clover ndi guarana kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa caffeine.
Palibe zochitika zodziwika ndi zakudya.
Mlingo woyenera wa guarana umadalira pazinthu zingapo monga zaka za wogwiritsa ntchito, thanzi, ndi zina zambiri. Pakadali pano palibe chidziwitso chokwanira chasayansi chodziwitsa mitundu yoyenera ya guarana. Kumbukirani kuti zinthu zachilengedwe sizikhala zotetezeka nthawi zonse ndipo mlingo wake ungakhale wofunikira. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira malangizo oyenera pazolemba zamagetsi ndikufunsani wamankhwala kapena dokotala kapena akatswiri azaumoyo musanagwiritse ntchito.

Cocoa waku Brazil, Cacao Brésilien, Guarana Seed Extract, Guaranine, Paullinia cupana, Paullinia sorbilis, Zoom.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe nkhaniyi idalembedwera, chonde onani Mankhwala Achilengedwe Pazonse njira.


  1. Nguyen S, Rajfer J, Shaheen M. Chitetezo ndikugwira ntchito kwa Revactin tsiku lililonse mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile: kafukufuku woyendetsa ndege wa 3-mwezi. Tanthauzirani Androl Urol. 2018; 7: 266-73. Onani zenizeni.
  2. Silva CP, Sampaio GR, Freitas RAMS, Torres EAFS. Polyphenols ochokera ku guaraná pambuyo pa vitro chimbudzi: kuwunika kwa bioacessibility ndikuletsa kwa zochita za ma carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. Chakudya Chem 2018; 267: 405-9. onetsani: 10.1016 / j.foodchem.2017.08.078. Onani zenizeni.
  3. Sette CVM, Ribas de Alcântara BB, Schoueri JHM, ndi al. Chotsuka chouma cha Paullinia cupana (PC-18) chotsitsa kutopa ndi chemotherapy: zotsatira za mayesero awiri azachipatala omwe sanachitike. J Zakudya Suppl 2018; 15: 673-83. onetsani: 10.1080 / 19390211.2017.1384781. Onani zenizeni.
  4. Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, ndi al. Kuwunikanso mwatsatanetsatane zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kumwa tiyi kapena khofi kwa achikulire athanzi, amayi apakati, achinyamata, ndi ana. Chakudya Chem Toxicol 2017; 109: 585-648. Onani zenizeni.
  5. Ciszowski K, Biedron W, Gomólka E. Poizoni wamphamvu wa khofi wambiri chifukwa cha guarana atamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Przegl Lek. 2014; 71: 495-8. Onani zenizeni.
  6. Veasey RC, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Kennedy DO, Wishart K, Maggini S, Fuchs CJ, Stevenson EJ. Zotsatira Zowonjezerapo ndi Vitamini ndi Mamineral Complex ndi Guaraná Asanachite Zolimbitsa Thupi Pazomwe Zimakhudza, Kuchita Zolimbitsa Thupi, Kuzindikira Maganizo, ndi Substrate Metabolism: Kuyesedwa Kwadongosolo. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi. 2015 Jul 27; 7: 6109-27. Onani zenizeni.
  7. Silvestrini GI, Marino F, Cosentino M.Zotsatira za malonda omwe ali ndi guaraná pamaganizidwe, nkhawa ndi malingaliro: kafukufuku wosawona, wowongoleredwa ndi placebo m'mitu yathanzi. Zotsatira za J Negat Zasinthidwa. 2013 Meyi 25; 12: 9. Onani zenizeni.
  8. Scholey A, Bauer I, Neale C, Savage K, Camfield D, White D, Maggini S, Pipingas A, Stough C, Hughes M. Zotsatira zoyipa zakukonzekera mchere wochuluka wa multivitamin wokhala ndi Guaraná wopanda nkhawa, magwiridwe antchito komanso kuzindikira kwa ubongo . Zakudya zopatsa thanzi. 2013 Sep 13; 5: 3589-604. Onani zenizeni.
  9. Pomportes L, Davranche K, Brisswalter I, Hays A, Brisswalter J. Kusinthasintha kwa mtima ndi magwiridwe antchito atazindikira mavitamini ndi michere yowonjezera ndi guarana yowonjezera (Paullinia cupana). Zakudya zopatsa thanzi. 2014 Dec 31; 7: 196-208. Onani zenizeni.
  10. Palma CG, Lera AT, Lerner T, de Oliveira MM, de Borta TM, Barbosa RP, Brito GM, Guazzelli CA, Cruz FJ, del Giglio A. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Imalimbikitsa Anorexia mwa Odwala omwe ali ndi Khansa Yapamwamba. J Zakudya Suppl. 2016; 13: 221-31. Onani zenizeni.
  11. Moustakas D, Mezzio M, Rodriguez BR, Constable MA, Mulligan INE, Voura EB. Guarana imaperekanso chilimbikitso chowonjezera pa caffeine chokha motsatira dongosolo la mapulani. PLoS Mmodzi. 2015 Apr 16; 10: e0123310. Onani zenizeni.
  12. Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Robertson B, Reay J, Brewster-Maund C, Luedemann J, Maggini S, Ruf M, Zangara A, Scholey AB. (Adasankhidwa) Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso kutopa kwamaganizidwe atatha kuwonjezera mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri ndi guaraná (Paullinia cupana). Kulakalaka kudya. 2008 Mar-Meyi; 50 (2-3): 506-13. Onani zenizeni.
  13. Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Wesnes KA, Milne AL, Scholey AB. Kuwunika kwakhungu kawiri, kolamulidwa ndi placebo, kuwunika kwamiyeso yambiri yamachitidwe oyipa a guaraná mwa anthu. J Psychopharmacol. 2007 Jan; 21: 65-70. Onani zenizeni.
  14. del Giglio AB, Cubero Dde I, Lerner TG, Guariento RT, de Azevedo RG, Paiva H, Goldman C, Carelli B, Cruz FM, Schindler F, Pianowski L, de Matos LL, del Giglio A. Chotsitsa chowuma cha Paullinia cupana (guaraná) (PC-18) yokhudzana ndi kutopa kokhudzana ndi chemotherapy kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zolimba: kafukufuku woyambirira wosiya. J Zakudya Suppl. 2013 Dis; 10: 325-34. Onani zenizeni.
  15. de Oliveira Campos MP, Riechelmann R, Martins LC, Hassan BJ, Casa FB, Del Giglio A. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) amalimbikitsa kutopa kwa odwala khansa ya m'mawere omwe amalandira chemotherapy. J Njira Yothandizira Med. 2011 Jun; 17: 505-12. Onani zenizeni.
  16. da Costa Miranda V, Trufelli DC, Santos J, MP wa Campos, Nobuo M, da Costa Miranda M, Schlinder F, Riechelmann R, del Giglio A.Kugwira ntchito kwa guarana (Paullinia cupana) kutopa ndi kukhumudwa pambuyo pake: zotsatira za woyendetsa ndege kawiri -kuphunzira mwakachetechete. J Njira Yothandizira Med. 2009 Apr; 15: 431-3. Onani zenizeni.
  17. van der Hoeven N, Visser I, Schene A, van den Wobadwa BJ. Matenda oopsa kwambiri okhudzana ndi khofi wa khofi ndi tranylcypromine: lipoti lamilandu. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Meyi 6; 160: 657-8. onetsani: 10.7326 / L14-5009-8. Palibe zomwe zilipo. Onani zenizeni.
  18. Peng PJ, Chiang KT, Liang CS. Kafeini wochepetsetsa amatha kukulitsa zizindikiritso zama psychotic mwa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Chipatala Neurosci. 2014 Apr 1; ​​26: E41. onetsani: 10.1176 / appi.neuropsych.13040098. Palibe zomwe zilipo. Onani zenizeni.
  19. Brice C ndi Smith A.Zotsatira za caffeine pakuyendetsa koyeserera, kukhala tcheru komanso chidwi chokhazikika. Chipatala cha Hum Psychopharmacol Exp 2001; 16: 523-531.
  20. Bempong DK, Houghton PJ, ndi Steadman K. Zolemba za xanthine za guarana ndi kukonzekera kwake. Int J Pharmacog 1993; 31: 175-181 (Pamasamba)
  21. Marx, F. ndi et al. Kufufuza kwa guaraná (
  22. Chamone, D. A., Silva, M. I., Cassaro, C., Bellotti, G., Massumoto, C. M., ndi Fujimura, A. Y. Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) amaletsa kuphatikiza m'magazi athunthu. Thrombosis ndi Haemostasis 1987; 58: 474.
  23. Rejent T, Michalek R, ndi Krajewski M. Caffeine wakufa ndi ephedrine yofananira. Bull Int Assoc Forensic Toxicol 1981; 16: 18-19.
  24. Khodesevick AP. Kupha koopsa ndi caffeine poizoni (chifukwa chochita). Farmakol Toksikol 1956; 19 (suppl): 62.
  25. Drew AK ndi Dawson AH. Zitsamba xtreme: poyizoni wambiri wokhudzana ndi intravenous guarana [abstract]. Zolemba Za Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology 2000; 38: 235-236.
  26. Ryall JE. Caffeine ndi kuwonongeka kwa ephedrine. Bull Int Assoc Forensic Toxicol 1984; 17: 13.
  27. Mattei, R., Dias, R. F., Espinola, E. B., Carlini, E. A., ndi Barros, S. B. Guarana (Paullinia cupana): zoyipa zomwe zimachitika munyama za labotale ndi ma antioxidants zochitika mu vitro. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60: 111-116. Onani zenizeni.
  28. Galduroz, J. C. ndi Carlini, E. A. Zotsatira zakukhazikitsa kwa guarana kwakanthawi pakudzindikira odzipereka, okalamba. Sao Paulo Med. 1996; 114: 1073-1078. Onani zenizeni.
  29. Benoni, H., Dallakian, P., ndi Taraz, K. Kafukufuku wamafuta ofunikira ochokera ku guarana. Z.Lebensm.Unters.Forsch. 1996; 203: 95-98. Onani zenizeni.
  30. Debrah, K., Haigh, R., Sherwin, R., Murphy, J., ndi Kerr, D. Zotsatira zakumwa koopsa komanso kosalekeza komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pama cerebrovascular, mtima ndi mitsempha yamahomoni ku orthostasis mwa odzipereka athanzi. Clin Sci (Colch.) 1995; 89: 475-480. Onani zenizeni.
  31. Salvadori, M. C., Rieser, E. M., Ribeiro Neto, L. M., ndi Nascimento, E. S. Kutsimikiza kwa xanthines ndi chromatography yamadzi yogwira bwino kwambiri komanso chromatography yopyapyala mu mkodzo wa kavalo mutadya ufa wa Guarana. Wofufuza 1994; 119: 2701-2703. Onani zenizeni.
  32. Galduroz, J. C. ndi Carlini, Ede A. Zotsatira zoyipa za Paulinia cupana, "Guarana" pakuzindikira kwa odzipereka wamba. Sao Paulo Med. 1994; 112: 607-611. Onani zenizeni.
  33. Belliardo, F., Martelli, A., ndi Valle, M. G. HPLC kutsimikiza kwa caffeine ndi theophylline ku Paullinia cupana Kunth (guarana) ndi Cola spp. zitsanzo. Z.Lebensm.Unters.Forsch. 1985; 180: 398-401. Onani zenizeni.
  34. Bydlowski, S. P., Yunker, R.L, ndi Subbiah, M.TChinthu chatsopano chopezeka ndi madzi a guarana (Paullinia cupana): kuletsa kuphatikizika kwa ma platelet mu vitro ndi mu vivo. Braz. J. Meded. Mpweya. 1988; 21: 535-538. Onani zenizeni.
  35. Bydlowski, S. P., D'Amico, E. A., ndi Chamone, D. A. Chotsitsa chamadzimadzi cha guarana (Paullinia cupana) chimachepetsa kuphatikizika kwa platelet thromboxane. Braz. J. Meded. Mpweya. 1991; 24: 421-424. Onani zenizeni.
  36. Haller, C. A., Jacob, P., ndi Benowitz, N. L. Kanthawi kochepa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi hemodynamic zotsatira za kuphatikiza kwa ephedra ndi guarana. Chipatala. Pharmacol. Ther. 2005; 77: 560-571. Onani zenizeni.
  37. Kennedy, D. O., Haskell, C. F., Wesnes, K. A., ndi Scholey, A. B. Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito mwa anthu odzipereka kutsatira kutsata kwa guarana (Paullinia cupana) kuchotsa: kuyerekezera komanso kulumikizana ndi Panax ginseng. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004; 79: 401-411. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  38. Baghkhani, L. ndi Jafari, M. Mavuto amisala okhudzana ndi Guarana: kodi pali zovuta zina? J. Herb. Wamalonda. 2002; 2: 57-61. Onani zenizeni.
  39. Avato, P., Pesante, M. A., Fanizzi, F. P., ndi Santos, C. A. Mafuta amtundu wa Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke. Lipids. 2003; 38: 773-780. Onani zenizeni.
  40. Smith, A. P., Kendrick, A. M., ndi Maben, A. L. Zotsatira zakudya m'mawa ndi khofi pa magwiridwe antchito m'mawa ndi pambuyo pa nkhomaliro. Neuropsychobiology 1992; 26: 198-204 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  41. de Oliveira, JF, Avila, AS, Braga, AC, de Oliveira, MB, Boasquevisque, EM, Jales, RL, Cardoso, VN, ndi Bernardo-Filho, M. Zotsatira zakutulutsa kwa mankhwala polemba magazi pazinthu zamagazi ndi Technetium-99m komanso pa morphology yamagazi ofiira: I - kuphunzira ndi Paullinia cupana. Fitoterapia 2002; 73: 305-312. Onani zenizeni.
  42. Smits, P., Corstens, F.H, Aengevaeren, W. R., Wackers, F. J., ndi Thien, T. Zonama-zopanda pake za dipyridamole-thallium-201 zoyerekeza m'maso zam'maso pambuyo pa kulowetsedwa ndi caffeine. J Nucl. Kusungidwa. 1991; 32: 1538-1541. Onani zenizeni.
  43. du, Boisgueheneuc F., Lannuzel, A., Caparros-Lefebvre, D., ndi De Broucker, T. [Cerebral infarction mwa wodwala wodya MaHuang kuchotsa ndi guarana]. Ikani Med 2-3-2001; 30: 166-167. Onani zenizeni.
  44. Lloyd, T., Rollings, N., Eggli, D.F, Kieselhorst, K., ndi Chinchilli, V. M. Zakudya zodyetsa khofi ndi fupa la azimayi a postmenopausal. Ndine. J. Clin. 1997; 65: 1826-1830 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  45. Sicard, B. A., Perault, M. C., Enslen, M., Chauffard, F., Vandel, B., ndi Tachon, P. Zotsatira za 600 mg zotulutsa pang'onopang'ono tiyi kapena khofi pamaganizidwe ndi chidwi. Aviat.Space Environ.Med.1996; 67: 859-862. Onani zenizeni.
  46. Morano, A., Jimenez-Jimenez, F. J., Molina, J. A., ndi Antolin, M. A. Zowopsa za matenda a Parkinson: kafukufuku wokhudza milandu m'chigawo cha Caceres, Spain. Acta Neurol.Scand 1994; 89: 164-170 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  47. Blanchard, J. ndi Sawers, S. J. Kupezeka kwathunthu kwa caffeine mwa munthu. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (Adasankhidwa) 1983; 24: 93-98. Onani zenizeni.
  48. Curatolo, P.W ndi Robertson, D. Zotsatira zathanzi la caffeine. Ann.Intern.Med. 1983; 98 (5 Pt 1): 641-653. Onani zenizeni.
  49. Astrup, A., Toubro, S., Cannon, S., Hein, P., Breum, L., ndi Madsen, J. Caffeine: kafukufuku wowonera khungu, wowongoleredwa ndi placebo wazovuta zake zamagetsi, zamagetsi, ndi zamtima. mwa odzipereka athanzi. Ndine. J. Clin. 1990; 51: 759-767. Onani zenizeni.
  50. Pappa, HM, Saslowsky, TM, Filip-Dhima, R., DiFabio, D., Lahsinoui, HH, Akkad, A., Grand, RJ, ndi Gordon, CM Kuchita bwino komanso kuvulala kwa nasal calcitonin pakukweza kuchuluka kwa mafupa mwa achinyamata ndi matenda opatsirana am'mimba: kuyeserera kosasunthika, kolamulidwa ndi placebo, kuyesa kwakhungu kawiri. Ndine J Gastroenterol. 2011; 106: 1527-1543. Onani zenizeni.
  51. Orozco-Gregorio, H., Mota-Rojas, D., Bonilla-Jaime, H., Trujillo-Ortega, ME, Becerril-Herrera, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, R., ndi Villanueva-Garcia, D. Zotsatira za Kupereka caffeine pazosintha zamagetsi mu nkhumba za khanda ndi peripartum asphyxia. Ndine. J Vet. Res. 2010; 71: 1214-1219. Onani zenizeni.
  52. Clausen. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010; 24: 595-605. Onani zenizeni.
  53. Ernest, D., Chia, M., ndi Corallo, C. E. Hypokalaemia yozama chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika Nurofen Plus ndi Red Bull. Crit Care Kuyambiranso. 2010; 12: 109-110. Onani zenizeni.
  54. Jha, R. M., Mithal, A., Malhotra, N., ndi Brown, E. M. Pilot-control-control of control of ziwopsezo za mafupa a mchiuno mwa anthu am'mizinda aku India. BMC.Musculoskelet.Kusokonezeka. 2010; 11: 49. Onani zenizeni.
  55. Rigato, I., Blarasin, L., ndi Kette, F. Ovuta hypokalemia mwa 2 okwera njinga chifukwa chodya kwambiri cha caffeine. Clin J Sport Med. 2010; 20: 128-130. Onani zenizeni.
  56. Barbour, KE, Zmuda, JM, Strotmeyer, ES, Horwitz, MJ, Boudreau, R., Evans, RW, Ensrud, KE, Petit, MA, Gordon, CL, ndi Cauley, JA Correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density. ya radius ndi tibia mwa amuna okalamba: Mafupa Osteoporotic mu Kuphunzira kwa Amuna. J Bone Miner. Kutsikira 2010; 25: 1017-1028. Onani zenizeni.
  57. Buscemi, S., Verga, S., Batsis, JA, Donatelli, M., Tranchina, MR, Belmonte, S., Mattina, A., Re, A., ndi Cerasola, G. Zotsatira zoyipa za khofi pamapeto pake. m'mitu yathanzi. Mankhwala a Eur.J Clin. 2010; 64: 483-489. Onani zenizeni.
  58. Simmonds, M.J, Minahan, C.L, ndi Sabapathy, S. Caffeine amakulitsa njinga zamiyendo yayikulu koma osati kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa mphamvu kwa anaerobic. Eur. J Appl Physiol. 2010; 109: 287-295. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  59. Jamal, SA, Swan, VJ, Brown, JP, Hanley, DA, Prior, JC, Papaioannou, A., Langsetmo, L., ndi Josse, RG Impso imagwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa mafupa otaya m'chiuno ndi msana: Canada Multicentre Phunziro la Osteoporosis. Ndine J Impso Dis. 2010; 55: 291-299. Onani zenizeni.
  60. Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Ratnaraj, N., Patsalos, P.N, ndi Czuczwar, S. J.Zotsatira za caffeine pazotsatira za anticonvulsant za oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine ndi tiagabine mu mbewa yachitsanzo ya kugwidwa kwa tonic-clonic. Kuyimira Pharmacol Rep. 2009; 61: 819-826. Onani zenizeni.
  61. Moisey L. Br. J Zakudya. 2010; 103: 833-841. Onani zenizeni.
  62. Waugh, EJ, Lam, MA, Hawker, GA, McGowan, J., Papaioannou, A., Cheung, AM, Hodsman, AB, Leslie, WD, Siminoski, K., ndi Jamal, SA Zinthu zowopsa za mafupa ochepa azimayi azaka 40-60 azaka zathanzi: kuwunikanso mwatsatanetsatane mabukuwa. Kuchita. 2009; 20: 1-21. Onani zenizeni.
  63. MacKenzie, T., Comi, R., Sluss, P., Keisari, R., Manwar, S., Kim, J., Larson, R., ndi Baron, JA Metabolic and hormonal effects of caffeine: randomized, double- mayesero akhungu, osamalidwa ndi placebo. Kagayidwe 2007; 56: 1694-1698. Onani zenizeni.
  64. Hansen, S. A., Folsom, A. R., Kushi, L.H, ndi Ogulitsa, T. A. Mgwirizano wophulika ndi caffeine ndi mowa mwa amayi omwe atha msambo: Iowa Women's Health Study. Thanzi Labwino Laumoyo. 2000; 3: 253-261. Onani zenizeni.
  65. Robelin, M. ndi Rogers, P. J. Mood ndi psychomotor zotsatira zoyambira za zoyambirira, koma osati zotsatira za kapu ya khofi yofananira ya caffeine yomwe idadyedwa pambuyo posiya kumwa khofi usiku wonse. Khalani ndi Pharmacol 1998; 9: 611-618. Onani zenizeni.
  66. Rogers, P.J ndi Dernoncourt, C. Kugwiritsa ntchito khofi pafupipafupi: zotsatira zoyipa komanso zopindulitsa pamachitidwe amisala komanso psychomotor performance. Pharmacol Zamoyo. Behav. 1998; 59: 1039-1045. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  67. Stein, M.A, Krasowski, M., Leventhal, B.L, Phillips, W., ndi Bender, B. G.Zotsatira zamakhalidwe ndi kuzindikira kwa methylxanthines. Kusanthula meta kwa theophylline ndi caffeine. Chipilala. Pediatr. Adlesc.Med. 1996; 150: 284-288. Onani zenizeni.
  68. Caballero, T., Garcia-Ara, C., Pascual, C., Diaz-Pena, J. M., ndi Ojeda, A. Urticaria wopangidwa ndi caffeine. J. Investig. Allergol. Matenda a Immunol. 1993; 3: 160-162. Onani zenizeni.
  69. Tassaneeyakul, W., Birkett, DJ, McManus, ME, Tassaneeyakul, W., Veronese, ME, Andersson, T., Tukey, RH, ndi Miners, JO Caffeine metabolism ndi cytochromes ya hepatic anthu P450: zopereka za 1A2, 2E1 ndi 3A mapulogalamu. Sayansi. Pharmacol 5-18-1994; 47: 1767-1776. Onani zenizeni.
  70. Parsons, W. D. ndi Pelletier, J. G. Kuchedwetsa kuchotsa khofi ndi amayi m'masabata awiri apitai apakati. Kodi. Kusakanizidwa. Assoc. J 9-1-1982; 127: 377-380. Onani zenizeni.
  71. Blanchard, J. ndi Sawers, S. J. Poyerekeza ma pharmacokinetics a khofiine mwa anyamata ndi achikulire amuna. J Pharmacokinet. Bungwe. 1983; 11: 109-126. Onani zenizeni.
  72. Grant, D., Tang, B. K., ndi Kalow, W. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kagayidwe kake ka caffeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983; 33: 591-602. Onani zenizeni.
  73. Parsons, W. D. ndi Neims, A. H. Zotsatira zakusuta pakulola kwa caffeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1978; 24: 40-45. Onani zenizeni.
  74. Keuchel, I., Kohnen, R., ndi Lienert, G. A. Zotsatira zakumwa mowa ndi tiyi kapena khofi pa kuyesa kwa ndende. Alireza. 1979; 29: 973-975. Onani zenizeni.
  75. Arnold, M. E., Petros, T. V., Beckwith, B. E., Coons, G., ndi Gorman, N. Zotsatira za caffeine, kutengeka, komanso kugonana pokumbukira mndandanda wamawu. Physiol Behav. 1987; 41: 25-30. Onani zenizeni.
  76. Robertson, D., Frolich, J. C., Carr, R. K., Watson, J. T., Hollifield, J. W., Shand, D. G., ndi Oates, J. A. Zotsatira za caffeine pamagwiridwe amtundu wa plasma, catecholamines ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. N. Mnyamata J Med. Pp. 1-26-1978; 298: 181-186. Onani zenizeni.
  77. Pola, J., Subiza, J., Armentia, A., Zapata, C., Hinojosa, M., Losada, E., ndi Valdivieso, R. Urticaria yoyambitsidwa ndi caffeine. Ann. Zovuta 1988; 60: 207-208. Onani zenizeni.
  78. Wrenn, K. D. ndi Oschner, I. Rhabdomyolysis yoyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a caffeine. Ann Emm.Med. 1989; 18: 94-97. Onani zenizeni.
  79. Quirce, G. S., Freire, P., Fernandez, R. M., Davila, I., ndi Losada, E. Urticaria wochokera ku caffeine. J. Matenda Achilengedwe Immunol. 1991; 88: 680-681. Onani zenizeni.
  80. Yu, G., Maskray, V., Jackson, S. H., Swift, C. G., ndi Tiplady, B. Kuyerekeza kwamitsempha yapakati ya zotsatira za caffeine ndi theophylline m'maphunziro okalamba. Br. J Clin Pharmacol. 1991; 32: 341-345 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  81. Roberts, A.T, Jonge-Levitan, L., Parker, C., ndi Greenway, F. Mphamvu ya mankhwala azitsamba omwe amakhala ndi tiyi wakuda ndi caffeine pazigawo zamagetsi mwa anthu. Njira Zina za Med 2005; 10: 321-325. Onani zenizeni.
  82. Bryant, C. M., Dowell, C. J., ndi Fairbrother, G. Caffeine maphunziro ochepetsa kusintha ziwonetsero za mkodzo. Br. J. Nurs. 4-25-2002; 11: 560-565. Onani zenizeni.
  83. Conlisk, A. J. ndi Galuska, D. A. Kodi caffeine imalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wamfupa mwa azimayi achikulire? Pambuyo pake. 2000; 31: 562-568. Onani zenizeni.
  84. Arya, L. A., Myers, D. L., ndi Jackson, N. D. Kafeini wambiri amadya komanso chiwopsezo chobwezeretsa kusakhazikika: kafukufuku wowongolera milandu. Chigoba. 2000; 96: 85-89. Onani zenizeni.
  85. Liu, T.T ndi Liau, J. Caffeine amachulukitsa kufanana kwa kuyankha kwa BOLD. Chikhulupiriro. 2-1-2010; 49: 2311-2317. Onani zenizeni.
  86. Ursing, C., Wikner, J., Brismar, K., ndi Rojdmark, S. Caffeine amakweza gawo la serum melatonin m'mitu yathanzi: chisonyezo cha kagayidwe kake ka melatonin wolemba cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2. J. Endocrinol. Wopeza 2003; 26: 403-406. Onani zenizeni.
  87. Hartter, S., Nordmark, A., Rose, D. M., Bertilsson, L., Tybring, G., ndi Laine, K. Zotsatira zakumwa kwa khofi pa pharmacokinetics ya melatonin, mankhwala ofufuzira ntchito ya CYP1A2. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (Adasankhidwa) 2003; 56: 679-682. Onani zenizeni.
  88. Zheng, J., Chen, B., Jiang, B., Zeng, L., Tang, Z. R., Fan, L., ndi Zhou, H. H. Zotsatira za puerarin pa CYP2D6 ndi ntchito za CYP1A2 mu vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33: 243-246. Onani zenizeni.
  89. Chen, Y., Xiao, CQ, He, YJ, Chen, BL, Wang, G., Zhou, G., Zhang, W., Tan, ZR, Cao, S., Wang, LP, ndi Zhou, HH Genistein amasintha kupezeka kwa caffeine mwa amayi odzipereka athanzi. Chipatala cha Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2011; 67: 347-353. Onani zenizeni.
  90. Gorski, JC, Huang, SM, Pinto, A., Hamman, MA, Hilligoss, JK, Zaheer, NA, Desai, M., Miller, M., ndi Hall, SD Zotsatira za echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) pa cytochrome P450 zochitika mu vivo. Chipatala cha Pharmacol Ther. 2004; 75: 89-100. Onani zenizeni.
  91. Wang, X. ndi Yeung, J. H. Zotsatira zamadzimadzi ochokera ku Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge pa caffeine pharmacokinetics ndi chiwindi microsomal CYP1A2 zochitika mwa anthu ndi makoswe. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62: 1077-1083 (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  92. Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., ndi Madsen, M. R. Metabolic zotsatira zakumwa kwa caffeine komanso kugwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kwa nzika za 75 zakubadwa. Kafukufuku wosasinthika, wakhungu kawiri, wowongoleredwa ndi placebo, wowoloka. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006; 65: 223-228. Onani zenizeni.
  93. Daniel, W. A., Syrek, M., Rylko, Z., ndi Kot, M. Zotsatira za phenothiazine neuroleptics pamlingo wa caffeine demethylation ndi hydroxylation mu khola chiwindi. Pol. J Pharmacol 2001; 53: 615-621 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  94. Wojcikowski, J. ndi Daniel, W. A. ​​Perazine pamankhwala osokoneza bongo amaletsa anthu cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) ndi kagayidwe kake ka caffeine - kafukufuku wa vitro. Kuyimira Pharmacol Rep. 2009; 61: 851-858. Onani zenizeni.
  95. Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., ndi Gerber, N. Methoxsalen ndi choletsa champhamvu cha kagayidwe ka caffeine mwa anthu. Chipatala. Pharmacol. Ther. 1987; 42: 621-626 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  96. Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., ndi Hossain, M. A. Pazotsatira zabwino za gliclazide ndi metformin pamagazi a caffeine m'makoswe athanzi. Pak. J Biol Sci 5-1-2009; 12: 734-737 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  97. Gasior, M., Swiader, M., Przybylko, M., Borowicz, K., Turski, WA, Kleinrok, Z., ndi Czuczwar, SJ Felbamate akuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kulumikizana ndi methylxanthines ndi ma modulators a Ca2 + motsutsana ndi kugwidwa kwamayesero m'magulu . Yuro. J Pharmacol 7-10-1998; 352 (2-3): 207-214. Onani zenizeni.
  98. Vaz, J., Kulkarni, C., David, J., ndi Joseph, T. Mphamvu ya caffeine pama pharmacokinetic mbiri ya sodium valproate ndi carbamazepine mwa anthu wamba odzipereka. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 1998; 36: 112-114. Onani zenizeni.
  99. Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., ndi Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine ndi mphamvu ya anticonvulsant ya antiepileptic mankhwala: zoyesera komanso zamankhwala. Pharmacol. 2011; 63: 12-18. Onani zenizeni.
  100. Luszczki, J. J., Zuchora, M., Sawicka, K. M., Kozinska, J., ndi Czuczwar, S. J. Kudziwika bwino kwa caffeine kumachepetsa anticonvulsant zochita za ethosuximide, koma osati ya clonazepam, phenobarbital ndi valproate yolimbana ndi kugwidwa kwa pentetrazole mu mbewa. Chithandizo. Pharmacol Rep. 2006; 58: 652-659. Onani zenizeni.
  101. Jankiewicz, K., Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Blaszczyk, B., ndi Czuczwar, S. J. [Caffeine ndi antiepileptic mankhwala: zoyesera komanso zamankhwala]. Przegl.Lek. 2007; 64: 965-967. Onani zenizeni.
  102. Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., ndi Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant zochitika za phenobarbital ndi valproate motsutsana ndi ma electroshock ochuluka mu mbewa nthawi yayitali yothandizira ndi caffeine ndi kusiya kwa caffeine. Khunyu 1996; 37: 262-268. Onani zenizeni.
  103. Kot, M. ndi Daniel, W. A. ​​Mphamvu ya diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) ndi ticlopidine pazochita za CYP1A2 ndi kagayidwe kake ka caffeine: kafukufuku wofanana ndi mu vitro ndi cDNA ya anthu-CYP1A2 ndi microsomes ya chiwindi. Kuyimira Pharmacol Rep. 2009; 61: 1216-1220. Onani zenizeni.
  104. Shet, M. S., McPhaul, M., Fisher, C. W., Stallings, N. R., ndi Estabrook, R. W. Metabolism wa mankhwala a antiandrogenic (Flutamide) wolemba anthu CYP1A2. Kutaya Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. 1997; 25: 1298-1303. Onani zenizeni.
  105. Kynast-Gales SA, Massey LK. (Adasankhidwa) Zotsatira za caffeine pa circadian excretion ya urinary calcium ndi magnesium. J Ndine Coll Mtedza. 1994; 13: 467-72. Onani zenizeni.
  106. Spinella M. Mankhwala Azitsamba ndi Khunyu: Kutheka Kokhala Ndi Phindu ndi Zotsatira Zoyipa. Khunyu Behav 2001; 2: 524-532. Onani zenizeni.
  107. Mansi IA, Huang J. Rhabdomyolysis poyankha mankhwala azitsamba. Ndine J Med Sci. 2004; 327: 356-357. Onani zenizeni.
  108. Savitz DA, Chan RL, Herring AH, et al. (Adasankhidwa) Caffeine ndi padera pangozi. Epidemiology. 2008; 19: 55-62. Onani zenizeni.
  109. Weng X, Odouli R, Li DK. Amayi a khofi amamwa panthawi yapakati komanso pachiwopsezo chotenga padera: wochita kafukufuku wa gulu. Ndine J Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 198: 279.e1-8. Onani zenizeni.
  110. Robinson LE, Savani S, Battram DS, ndi al. Kafeini kumeza musanayese kumwa mkaka wam'magazi kumawononga kasamalidwe ka magazi mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. J Zakudya 2004; 134: 2528-33. Onani zenizeni.
  111. Nyanja CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, et al. Phenylpropanolamine imakulitsa milingo ya caffeine ya m'magazi. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 47: 675-85. Onani zenizeni.
  112. Forrest WH Jr, Bellville JW, Brown BW Jr. Kulumikizana kwa caffeine ndi pentobarbital ngati kutsatsa usiku. Anesthesiology 1972; 36: 37-41. Onani zenizeni.
  113. Raaska K, Raitasuo V, Laitila J, Neuvonen PJ. Zotsatira za khofi wokhala ndi tiyi kapena khofi wokhazikika pa khofi wa serum clozapine mwa odwala omwe ali mchipatala. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004; 94: 13-8. Onani zenizeni.
  114. Watson JM, Sherwin RS, Wolemba IJ, et al. Kupatukana kwa mayankho owonjezera a matupi, mahomoni ndi kuzindikira kwa hypoglycaemia wokhala ndi kagwiritsidwe kake ka caffeine. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 104: 447-54. Onani zenizeni.
  115. Winkelmayer WC, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Curhan GC. Chizoloŵezi chodya caffeine komanso chiopsezo cha matenda oopsa mwa amayi. JAMA 2005; 294: 2330-5. Onani zenizeni.
  116. Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. Kuwunikira kovuta kwa kuchotsedwa kwa caffeine: kutsimikizika kwamphamvu kwa zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo, kuchuluka, kulimba, komanso mawonekedwe ake. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 176: 1-29. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  117. [Adasankhidwa] Leson CL, McGuigan MA, Bryson SM. Caffeine bongo mwawamuna wachinyamata. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988; 26: 407-15 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  118. Benowitz NL, Osterloh J, Goldschlager N, ndi al. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa catecholamine ku poyizoni wa caffeine. JAMA 1982; 248: 1097-8 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  119. Acheson KJ, Gremaud G, Meirim I, et al. (Adasankhidwa) Zotsatira zamafuta a caffeine mwa anthu: lipid oxidation kapena kupalasa njinga kopanda pake? Am J Zakudya Zamankhwala 2004; 79: 40-6. Onani zenizeni.
  120. Haller CA, Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3. Hemodynamic zotsatira za ephedra-free-kuwonda zowonjezera anthu. Am J Med. 2005; 118: 998-1003 .. Onani zenizeni.
  121. Petrie HJ, Chown SE, Belfie LM, ndi al. Kafeini kumeza kumawonjezera kuyankha kwa insulini poyesedwa pakamwa-shuga-kulolerana mwa amuna onenepa musanapite komanso mutatha kuchepa thupi. Am J Zakudya Zamankhwala 2004; 80: 22-8. Onani zenizeni.
  122. Lane JD, Barkauskas CE, Kufufuza RS, Feinglos MN. Caffeine imasokoneza kagayidwe kabwino ka shuga mumtundu wa 2 shuga. Chisamaliro cha shuga 2004; 27: 2047-8. Onani zenizeni.
  123. Andersen T, Fogh J. Kuchepetsa thupi ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa m'mimba kutsatira mankhwala azitsamba aku South America okhudzana ndi odwala onenepa kwambiri. Zakudya Zamtundu wa J Hum 2001; 14: 243-50. Onani zenizeni.
  124. Cannon INE, Cooke CT, McCarthy JS. Caffeine-yomwe imayambitsa mtima wamanjenje: ngozi yosadziwika yazopangira thanzi. Med J Aust 2001; 174: 520-1 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  125. Dews PB, O'Brien CP, Bergman J. Caffeine: zotsatira zamakhalidwe akutha ndi zina zokhudzana nazo. Chakudya Chem Toxicol 2002; 40: 1257-61. Onani zenizeni.
  126. Holmgren P, Norden-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. Caffeine anafa - malipoti anayi. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 139: 71-3. Onani zenizeni.
  127. Chou T. Dzuka ndikununkhiza khofi. Caffeine, khofi, ndi zotsatira zamankhwala. Kumadzulo J Med 1992; 157: 544-53. Onani zenizeni.
  128. A Howell LL, Coffin VL, Spealman RD. Khalidwe ndi zovuta za xanthines m'matumbo osakhala anthu. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997; 129: 1-14. Onani zenizeni.
  129. Institute of Mankhwala. Caffeine Yothandizira Kuchita Maganizo: Ntchito Zankhondo. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Ipezeka pa: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html.
  130. Zheng XM, Williams RC. Magulu a khofi wa seramu pambuyo posiya kugwira ntchito kwa maola 24: zomwe zingachitike pakulingalira kwa dipyridamole Tl myocardial perfusion. J Nucl Med Technol. 2002; 30: 123-7. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  131. Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, ndi al. Zotsatira za caffeine yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera m'mitsempha yamagetsi yothandizidwa ndi adenosine yomwe imayambitsa matenda am'mitsempha mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtsempha wamagazi. Ndine J Cardiol. 2004; 93: 343-6. Onani zenizeni.
  132. Underwood DA. Ndi mankhwala ati omwe akuyenera kuchitidwa asanakumane ndi pharmacologic kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi? Cleve Clin J Med 2002; 69: 449-50 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  133. Smith A. Zotsatira za caffeine pamakhalidwe amunthu. Chakudya Chem Toxicol 2002; 40: 1243-55. Onani zenizeni.
  134. Stanek EJ, Melko GP, Charland SL. Xanthine kusokonezedwa ndi kujambula kwa dipyridamole-thallium-201. Wachipatala 1995; 29: 425-7. Onani zenizeni.
  135. Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Kuyanjana kwakukulu kwama pharmacokinetic pakati pa zakudya za caffeine ndi mankhwala. Kliniki Pharmacokinet 2000; 39: 127-53. Onani zenizeni.
  136. Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Zotsatira za ketoconazole ndi terbinafine pa pharmacokinetics ya caffeine mwa odzipereka athanzi. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 37: 279-83 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  137. Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, ndi al. Kuphatikizidwa kwa isoenzymes wa CYP1A wa munthu mu metabolism ndi kuyanjana kwa mankhwala a riluzole mu vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997; 282: 1465-72. Onani zenizeni.
  138. Brown NJ, Ryder D, Nthambi RA. Kuyanjana kwa pharmacodynamic pakati pa caffeine ndi phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 50: 363-71 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  139. [Adasankhidwa] [Cross Ref] Abernethy DR, Todd EL.Kuwonongeka kwa chilolezo cha caffeine pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu okhala ndi estrogen ochepa. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 28: 425-8 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  140. Meyi DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Zotsatira za cimetidine pamtundu wa caffeine mwa omwe amasuta komanso osasuta. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982; 31: 656-61 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  141. Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, ndi al. Zotsatira za caffeine pa thanzi laumunthu. Zowonjezera Zakudya 2003; 20: 1-30. Onani zenizeni.
  142. Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, calcium yamikodzo, calcium kagayidwe kake ndi fupa. J Zakudya 1993; 123: 1611-4. Onani zenizeni.
  143. Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, ndi al. Anaphylaxis chifukwa cha caffeine. Zovuta 2003; 58: 681-2. Onani zenizeni.
  144. [Adasankhidwa] Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. Zotsatira za fluconazole pa pharmacokinetics ya caffeine mu maphunziro a achinyamata ndi achikulire. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 51: 183.
  145. Schechter MD, Timmons GD. Anayeza kuyerekezera kosakwanira - II. Zotsatira za Caffeine ndi amphetamine. J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 25: 276-80 .. Onani zenizeni.
  146. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Kulanda zochita komanso kusayankha pambuyo pa kumeza kwa hydroxycut. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21: 647-51 .. Onani zenizeni.
  147. Grandjean AC, Reimers KJ, Bannick KE, Haven MC. Zotsatira za zakumwa za khofi, zopanda khofi, zopatsa mphamvu komanso zopanda mafuta pa hydration. J Am Coll Nutriti 2000; 19: 591-600 .. Onani zenizeni.
  148. Kamimori GH, Penetar DM, Headley DB, et al. Zotsatira zamankhwala atatu a caffeine pama catecholamines am'magazi komanso kukhala tcheru nthawi yayitali. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 56: 537-44 .. Onani zenizeni.
  149. Dreher HM. Zotsatira zakuchepetsa tiyi kapena khofi pa kugona ndi kukhala bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003; 54: 191-8 .. Onani zenizeni.
  150. Massey LK. Kodi tiyi kapena khofi ndizoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti okalamba ataye mafupa? Am J Zakudya Zamankhwala 2001; 74: 569-70. Onani zenizeni.
  151. Chen JF, Xu K, Petzer JP, ndi al. Neuroprotection ya caffeine ndi A (2A) adenosine receptor inactivation mu mtundu wa matenda a Parkinson. J Neurosci 2001; 21: RC143 .. Onani zenizeni.
  152. Nehlig A, Zotsatira za Debry G. Zotsatira za mwana wakhanda yemwe amadya khofi nthawi yayitali komanso poyamwitsa: kuwunika. J Am Coll Nutriti 1994; 13: 6-21 .. Onani zenizeni.
  153. McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr.Zizindikiro zakuchira kwa Neonatal pambuyo poti amayi amamwa mankhwala a caffeine. South Med J 1988; 81: 1092-4 .. Onani zolemba.
  154. Bara AI, Balere EA. Caffeine ya mphumu. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; 4: CD001112 .. Onani zenizeni.
  155. Bracken MB, Triche EW, Belanger K, ndi al. Mgwirizano wamagwiritsidwe a khofi wa amayi ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mwana. Ndine J Epidemiol 2003; 157: 456-66 .. Onani zowonera.
  156. Horner NK, Lampe JW. Njira zopezera chithandizo chazakudya m'mawere a fibrocystic zikuwonetsa umboni wosakwanira wogwira ntchito. J Ndimakudya Assoc 2000; 100: 1368-80. Onani zenizeni.
  157. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Zotsatira za caffeine ndi ephedrine kumeza pa masewera olimbitsa thupi a anaerobic. Med Sci Masewera olimbitsa thupi 2001; 33: 1399-403. Onani zenizeni.
  158. Greenway FL, Raum WJ, DeLany JP. Mphamvu ya mankhwala azitsamba omwe amakhala ndi ephedrine ndi caffeine pakugwiritsa ntchito mpweya mwa anthu. J Njira Yothandizira Med 2000; 6: 553-5. Onani zenizeni.
  159. Haller CA, Jacob P 3, Benowitz NL. Pharmacology ya ephedra alkaloids ndi caffeine mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera amodzi. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002; 71: 421-32 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  160. Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D.Zotsatira zakumwa khofi pamagetsi a intraocular. Ann Pharmacother 2002; 36: 992-5 .. Onani zenizeni.
  161. Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine wambiri komanso wamagulu amiseche ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Phunziro la Rancho Bernardo. Ndine J Epidemiol 1996: 144: 642-4. Onani zenizeni.
  162. Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Kuletsa ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa ma platelet ndi methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967; 18: 670-3 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  163. Ali M, Afzal M. Chowononga mphamvu ya thrombin yomwe idalimbikitsa mapangidwe a platelet thromboxane kuchokera ku tiyi wosasinthidwa. Prostaglandins Leukot Med. 1987; 27: 9-13. Onani zenizeni.
  164. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Zovuta zamitsempha yamitsempha yamtima ndi yapakati yokhudzana ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zili ndi ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1833-8. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  165. Suleman A, Siddiqui NH. Haemodynamic komanso mtima waminyewa zotsatira za caffeine. Mankhwala Online Int J Medicine 2000. www.priory.com/pharmol/caffeine.htm (Opezeka pa 14 April 2000).
  166. Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Kugwiritsa ntchito khofi mu masewera. Kuwunika kwamankhwala. J Sports Med Kulimbitsa Thupi 2000; 40: 71-9. Onani zenizeni.
  167. Bourin M, Bougerol T, Guitton B, Broutin E. Kuphatikiza kwaphatikizidwe kwa mbewu pochiza odwala akunja omwe ali ndi vuto losintha ndi nkhawa: kafukufuku wowongoleredwa motsutsana ndi placebo. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1997; 11: 127-32. Onani zenizeni.
  168. American Academy of Pediatrics. Kusamutsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena mumkaka wamunthu. Matenda 2001; 108: 776-89. Onani zenizeni.
  169. Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, ndi al. Mkhalidwe wamafupa pakati pa azimayi omwe atha msinkhu omwe ali ndi vuto la caffeine: kafukufuku wamtali. J Ndine Coll Zakudya 2000; 19: 256-61. Onani zenizeni.
  170. [Adasankhidwa] Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Mphamvu ya caffeine pafupipafupi ndikuwona kwa hypoglycemia mwa odwala omwe amakhala ndi mtundu wa 1 matenda ashuga. Chisamaliro cha shuga 2000; 23: 455-9. Onani zenizeni.
  171. Tobias JD. Caffeine pochiza matenda obanika kutulo omwe amagwirizana ndi kupuma kwa matenda a syncytial virus m'mabana ndi makanda. Kumwera kwa Med J 2000; 93: 297-304. Onani zenizeni.
  172. Ross GW, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, ndi al. Mgwirizano wa khofi ndi caffeine wodya chiopsezo cha matenda a parkinson. JAMA 2000; 283: 2674-9. Onani zenizeni.
  173. Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Zotsatira za caffeine pa clozapine pharmacokinetics mwa odzipereka athanzi. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 49: 59-63 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  174. Ma Code a Pakompyuta Amalamulo a Federal. Mutu 21. Gawo 182 - Zinthu Zomwe Zimadziwika Kuti Ndizotetezeka. Ipezeka pa: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  175. Williams MH, Nthambi JD. Pangani zowonjezerapo ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi: zosintha. J Ndine Coll Zakudya 1998; 17: 216-34. Onani zenizeni.
  176. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  177. Boozer CN, Nasser JA, Heymsfield SB, ndi al. Chowonjezera chazitsamba chomwe chili ndi Ma Huang-Guarana chochepetsa thupi: kuyeserera kosawoneka bwino. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 316-24. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  178. FDA. Malangizo: zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zili ndi ephedrine alkaloids. Ipezeka pa: www.verity.fda.gov (Idapezeka pa 25 Januware 2000).
  179. Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. Kuchulukanso kwa caffeine pakufufuza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso poyeserera koyendetsa khungu. J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 39: 1221-32 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  180. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Khofi, caffeine ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi: kuwunika kovuta. Eur J Zakudya Zamankhwala 1999; 53: 831-9. Onani zenizeni.
  181. Rees K, Allen D, Lader M. Zomwe zimakhudza msinkhu ndi caffeine pa psychomotor ndi chidziwitso. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999; 145: 181-8 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  182. DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, ndi al; okonza. Pharmacotherapy: Njira ya pathophysiologic. Wolemba 4. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
  183. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, ndi al. Kuletsa kagayidwe kake ka caffeine ndi mankhwala obwezeretsa estrogen mwa amayi omwe atha msinkhu. J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 39: 936-40. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  184. Wemple RD, Mwanawankhosa DR, McKeever KH. Caffeine vs zakumwa zopanda masewera a caffeine: zotsatira zakapangidwe ka mkodzo popuma komanso nthawi yayitali yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Int J Sports Med 1997; 18: 40-6. Onani zenizeni.
  185. Stookey JD. Zotsatira za diuretic zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi zakumwa za khofi ndi kumwa kwathunthu kwamadzimadzi. Eur J Epidemiol 1999; 15: 181-8 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  186. Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Kusintha Kumwa mowa wambiri wa khofi pa nthawi yapakati komanso ubale pakati pochotsa minyewa yokhayokha komanso kukula kosabadwa kwa fetus: kusanthula meta. Kutulutsa Toxicol 1998; 12: 435-44. Onani zenizeni.
  187. Eskenazi B. Caffeine-kusefa zowonadi. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1688-9. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  188. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, ndi al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, caffeine metabolite, komanso chiopsezo chotaya mimba mwadzidzidzi. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1639-44 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  189. Pulogalamu ya National Toxicology Program (NTP). Kafeini. Pakati Pakuwunika Zowopsa Pakubadwira kwa Anthu (CERHR). Ipezeka pa: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
  190. Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Kafeini wambiri amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mafupa mwa azimayi okalamba ndipo amalumikizana ndi vitamini D receptor genotypes. Am J Zakudya Zamankhwala 2001; 74: 694-700. Onani zenizeni.
  191. Chiu KM. Kuchita bwino kwa calcium pama mafupa mwa amayi omwe atha msinkhu. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999; 54: M275-80. Onani zenizeni.
  192. Vandeberghe K, Gillis N, Van Leemputte M, ndi al. Caffeine imalimbana ndi ergogenic pakukweza kwamphamvu kwa minofu. J Appl Physiol 1996; 80: 452-7 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  193. Kutanthauzira kwa Wallach J. Kuyesa Kwazidziwitso. Chidule cha Laboratory Medicine. Chachisanu ed; Boston, MA: Little Brown, 1992.
  194. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, ndi ena. Zotsatira zakuthamanga kwa magazi ndikumwa tiyi wobiriwira ndi wakuda. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 457-63 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  195. Wakabayashi K, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. (Adasankhidwa) Chizolowezi chomwa khofi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kafukufuku wokhudza oteteza ku Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 1998; 14: 669-73 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  196. Kwa Dieter, Pafupifupi Kutayika Kwambiri. Washington Post. Ipezeka pa: http://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/03/19/for-dieter-nearly-the-ultimate-loss/c0f07474-489d-4f44-bc17-1f1367c956ae/ (Idapezeka pa 19 Marichi 2000 ).
  197. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke mwa wothamanga yemwe adadya MaHuang ndikuchotsa monohydrate pomanga thupi. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000; 68: 112-3. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  198. Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, ndi al. Mphamvu ya mexiletine pakuchotsa caffeine. Pharmacol Ther. 1987; 33: 163-9. Onani zenizeni.
  199. Breum L, Pedersen JK, Ahlstrom F, ndi al. Kuyerekeza kwa ephedrine / caffeine kuphatikiza ndi dexfenfluramine pochiza kunenepa kwambiri. Kuyesedwa kwapawiri kosawona pakati pazochitika zambiri. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1994; 18: 99-103 (Pamasamba) Onani zenizeni.
  200. Jefferson JW. Kunjenjemera kwa lithiamu ndi kumwa kwa caffeine: milandu iwiri yomwa pang'ono ndikumanjenjemera kwambiri. J Clin Psychiatry 1988; 49: 72-3. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  201. Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, ndi al. Kuchotsa kwa caffeine kumawonjezera ma lithiamu m'magazi. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 348-50. (Adasankhidwa) Onani zenizeni.
  202. Pezani nkhaniyi pa intaneti Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Kuyanjana pakati pa ciprofloxacin ya m'kamwa ndi caffeine mwa odzipereka wamba. Othandizira Maantimicrob Chemother 1989; 33: 474-8. Onani zenizeni.
  203. Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, ndi al. Zotsatira za quinolones pamtundu wa caffeine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989; 45: 234-40. Onani zenizeni.
  204. Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa vivo komanso vitro. Ndine J Med 1989; 87: 89S-91S. Onani zenizeni.
  205. McEvoy GK, Mkonzi. Zambiri Za Mankhwala AHFS. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Madokotala, 1998.
  206. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, olemba. Buku la American Herbal Products Association la Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  207. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: Upangiri wa Dokotala ku Mankhwala Azitsamba. Terry C. Telger, kumasulira. Wachitatu ed. Berlin, GER: Wopopera, 1998.
Idasinthidwa - 01/05/2021

Zolemba Zosangalatsa

Zinthu 11 Zomwe Mkazi Aliyense Amakumana Nazo Pambuyo pa Tsiku la Ski
Moyo

Zinthu 11 Zomwe Mkazi Aliyense Amakumana Nazo Pambuyo pa Tsiku la Ski

Chipale chofewa chikugwa ndipo mapiri akuyitana: 'Ino ndiyo nyengo yama ewera achi anu! Kaya mukuwombet a ma mogul, kuponyera theka la chitoliro, kapena ku angalala ndi ufa wat opano, kugunda malo...
Sindinadziwe Kuti Ndili Ndi Matenda Odyera
Moyo

Sindinadziwe Kuti Ndili Ndi Matenda Odyera

Ali ndi zaka 22, Julia Ru ell adayamba ma ewera olimbit a thupi omwe angalimbane ndi ma Olympian ambiri. Kuchokera pa ma ewera olimbit a thupi ma iku awiri mpaka kudya kwambiri, mungaganize kuti amaph...