Myelodysplasia: chimene icho chiri, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zomwe zimayambitsa
• Momwe mungatsimikizire
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Myelodysplastic Syndrome, kapena myelodysplasia, imagwirizana ndi gulu la matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kulephera pang'ono kwa mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maselo opunduka kapena osakhwima omwe amapezeka m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuperewera kwa magazi, kutopa kwambiri, chizolowezi chofalitsa matenda komanso kutuluka magazi. pafupipafupi, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zovuta kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti imatha kuonekera nthawi iliyonse, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 70, ndipo nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa sizinafotokozeredwe, ngakhale nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika chifukwa chakuchiza khansa yapitayi ndi chemotherapy, mankhwala a radiation kapena kupezeka kwa mankhwala, monga benzene kapena utsi, mwachitsanzo.

Myelodysplasia nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndikumuika m'mafupa, komabe, izi sizingatheke kwa odwala onse, ndipo ndikofunikira kupempha chitsogozo kwa dokotala kapena hematologist.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Mafupa a mafupa ndi malo ofunikira m'thupi omwe amatulutsa maselo amwazi, monga maselo ofiira ofiira, omwe ndi maselo ofiira a magazi, ma leukocyte, omwe ndi maselo oyera amwazi omwe amateteza thupi ndi ma platelet, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti magazi azigwirana. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwanu kumabweretsa zizindikilo monga:

• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Zovuta;
• Kupuma pang'ono;
• Chizoloŵezi cha matenda;
• Malungo;
• Magazi;
• Mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira mthupi.

Nthawi zoyambirira, munthuyo samatha kuwonetsa zizindikilo zake, ndipo matenda amathera popezeka pamayeso wamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa zizindikilo kumatengera mitundu yamaselo amwazi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi myelodysplasia komanso kuopsa kwa mulimonsemo. Pafupifupi 1/3 ya matenda a myelodysplastic syndrome amatha kupita ku khansa ya m'magazi, yomwe ndi khansa yayikulu yamagazi. Onani zambiri za khansa ya myeloid.

Chifukwa chake, sikutheka kudziwa nthawi yomwe odwalawo angakhale ndi moyo, popeza matendawa amatha kusintha pang'onopang'ono, kwazaka zambiri, chifukwa amatha kusintha kukhala mawonekedwe ovuta, osayankha pang'ono chithandizo ndikubweretsa zovuta zina miyezi ingapo wazaka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa

Choyambitsa matenda a myelodysplastic sichikhazikitsidwa bwino, komabe nthawi zambiri matendawa amachokera, koma kusintha kwa DNA sikupezeka nthawi zonse, ndipo matendawa amadziwika kuti myelodysplasia yoyamba. Ngakhale atha kukhala obadwa nawo, matendawa siobadwa nawo.

Matenda a Myelodysplastic amathanso kuwerengedwa kuti achiwiri akatuluka chifukwa cha zochitika zina, monga kuledzera komwe kumayambitsa mankhwala, monga chemotherapy, radiotherapy, benzene, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, fodya, lead kapena mercury, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mungatsimikizire

Kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa myelodysplasia, hematologist adzayesa kuchipatala ndikuwunika mayeso monga:

• Kuwerengera kwa magazi, yomwe imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira amwazi, ma leukocyte ndi ma platelet m'magazi;
• Myelogram, yomwe ndi aspirate ya m'mafupa yomwe imatha kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe am'malo ano. Mvetsetsani momwe myelogram imapangidwira;
• Mayeso amtundu komanso amthupi, monga karyotype kapena immunophenotyping;
• Kutupa kwa mafupa, zomwe zingapereke chidziwitso chambiri chokhudzana ndi mafupa, makamaka akasintha kwambiri kapena amakumana ndi zovuta zina, monga kulowa kwa fibrosis;
• Mlingo wachitsulo, vitamini B12 ndi folic acid, popeza kuchepa kwawo kungayambitse kusintha kwa kupanga magazi.

Mwanjira imeneyi, hematologist azitha kuzindikira mtundu wa myelodysplasia, kusiyanitsa ndi matenda ena am'mafupa ndikudziwitsa mtundu wa mankhwala.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Njira yayikulu yothandizila ndikubwezeretsa mafuta m'mafupa, omwe atha kuchiritsa matendawa, komabe, sianthu onse omwe ali oyenera njirayi, yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa mwa anthu omwe alibe matenda omwe amachepetsa mphamvu zawo komanso makamaka zaka 65.

Njira ina yochiritsira imaphatikizapo chemotherapy, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala monga Azacitidine ndi Decitabine, mwachitsanzo, omwe amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi hematologist.

Kuika magazi kumatha kukhala kofunikira nthawi zina, makamaka pakakhala kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena kusowa kwa ma platelet omwe amalola magazi kugundana mokwanira. Onetsetsani zomwe zikuwonetsa komanso momwe magazi amachitikira.