Jekeseni Wamunthu wa Insulini

Zamkati

• Musanagwiritse ntchito insulini,
• Mankhwalawa amachititsa kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi anu. Muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za shuga wotsika kwambiri komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati muli ndi izi.
• Insulini yamunthu imatha kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, uzani dokotala nthawi yomweyo:
• Kuchulukitsidwa kwa insulini kwamunthu kumatha kuchitika ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin yamunthu yochulukirapo kapena ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin yolondola koma mumadya zochepa kuposa masiku onse kapena mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuposa masiku onse. Kuchuluka kwa insulin yaumunthu kumatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda a hypoglycemia, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala pazomwe muyenera kuchita ngati mukudwala matenda a hypoglycemia. Zizindikiro zina za bongo:

Insulini yaumunthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 matendawa (momwe thupi silimapangira insulini motero sangathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi) kapena mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 (momwe shuga wamagazi ndiwokwera kwambiri chifukwa thupi silimatulutsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito insulini mwachizolowezi) zomwe sizingayang'aniridwe ndi mankhwala am'kamwa okha. Insulini yamunthu ili mgulu la mankhwala otchedwa mahomoni. Insulini yamunthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga malo a insulin omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi thupi. Zimagwira ntchito pothandiza kusunthira shuga m'magazi kupita m'matumba ena amthupi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ngati mphamvu. Imaletsanso chiwindi kutulutsa shuga wambiri. Mitundu yonse ya insulini yomwe ilipo imagwira ntchito motere. Mitundu ya insulini imasiyana mosiyana ndi momwe amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji poyang'anira shuga wamagazi.

Popita nthawi, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso shuga wambiri m'magazi amatha kukhala ndi mavuto owopsa kapena owopsa, kuphatikizapo matenda amtima, sitiroko, mavuto a impso, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, komanso mavuto amaso. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (mankhwala), kusintha moyo wanu (mwachitsanzo, zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusiya kusuta), komanso kuwunika shuga wanu wamagazi pafupipafupi kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi matenda anu ashuga komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Mankhwalawa amathanso kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la mtima, sitiroko, kapena zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga monga impso kulephera, kuwonongeka kwamitsempha (dzanzi, miyendo yozizira kapena mapazi; kuchepa kwa kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi), mavuto amaso, kuphatikiza kusintha kutaya masomphenya, kapena matenda a chiseyeye. Dokotala wanu ndi ena othandizira zaumoyo adzakambirana nanu za njira yabwino yothetsera matenda anu ashuga.

Insulini yamunthu imabwera ngati yankho (madzi) ndi kuyimitsidwa (madzi okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timangoyimirira). jekeseni wobisalira (pansi pa khungu). Insulini yamunthu nthawi zambiri imabayidwa mobwerezabwereza kangapo patsiku, ndipo pamafunika mitundu ingapo ya insulin. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni mtundu wa insulini woti mugwiritse ntchito, kuchuluka kwa insulini yoti mugwiritse ntchito, komanso kangati jakisoni wa insulin. Tsatirani malangizowa mosamala. Musagwiritse ntchito insulini yochulukirapo kapena kuigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kuposa momwe adanenera dokotala.

Mankhwala a insulin (Myxredlin, Humulin R U-100, Novolin R) amathanso kubayidwa kudzera m'mitsempha (mumtsempha) ndi dokotala kapena namwino m'malo azachipatala. Dokotala kapena namwino amayang'anitsitsa mosamala zotsatira zake.

Insulini yamunthu imayang'anira shuga wambiri wamagazi koma siyichiza matenda ashuga. Pitirizani kugwiritsa ntchito insulini yamunthu ngakhale mukumva bwino. Osasiya kugwiritsa ntchito insulini osalankhula ndi dokotala. Osasinthana ndi mtundu wina wamtundu wa insulini kapena kusintha mtundu wa insulin yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito osalankhula ndi dokotala.

Insulini yaumunthu imabwera m'mitsuko, zida zotayidwa kale, ndi makatiriji. Makatiriji adapangidwa kuti adzaikidwe m'makola olembera. Onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa mtundu wa insulini yomwe insulini imalowamo komanso zinthu zina, monga singano, jakisoni, kapena zolembera, muyenera kubaya mankhwala anu. Onetsetsani kuti dzina ndi kalata pa insulini yanu ndizomwe dokotala wakuuzani.

Ngati insulini yanu yaumunthu ibwera m'mitsuko, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito majekeseni kuti mulowetse mlingo wanu. Onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa ngati insulini yanu yaumunthu ndi U-100 kapena U-500 ndipo nthawi zonse mumagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wodziwika ndi mtundu wa insulin. Nthawi zonse mugwiritse ntchito mtundu womwewo wa singano ndi jakisoni. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza mtundu wa sirinji yomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Werengani mosamala malangizo a opanga kuti muphunzire momwe mungakokere insulini mu jekeseni ndikubaya jekeseni wanu. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza kubayitsa mlingo wanu.

Ngati insulini yanu yaumunthu ibwera mu makatiriji, mungafunikire kugula cholembera cha insulin padera. Lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala za mtundu wa cholembera chomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Werengani mosamala malangizo omwe amabwera ndi cholembera chanu, ndipo funsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala kuti akuwonetseni momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.

Ngati insulini yanu yamunthu ibwera mu chida chotayira, werengani malangizo omwe amabwera ndi chipangizocho mosamala. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti akuwonetseni momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chipangizocho.

Musagwiritsenso ntchito singano kapena ma syringe ndipo musagawanepo singano, ma syringe, makatiriji, kapena zolembera. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito cholembera cha insulini, nthawi zonse chotsani singano mutangobaya jekeseni wanu. Kutaya singano ndi majakisoni mumtsuko wosagundika. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala momwe mungatherere chidebe chosagwira mankhwala.

Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musakanize mitundu iwiri ya insulini mu syringe yomweyo. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu yonse ya insulini mu syringe. Tsatirani malangizowa mosamala. Nthawi zonse jambulani mtundu womwewo wa insulini mu syringe poyamba, ndipo nthawi zonse mugwiritse ntchito singano zomwezo. Osasakanikirana ndi mitundu yopitilira imodzi ya insulini musipeni pokhapokha mutauzidwa kuti muchite izi ndi dokotala wanu.

Nthawi zonse yang'anani insulini yanu yamunthu musanabaye jekeseni. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito insulin yamunthu (Humulin R, Novolin R), insulini iyenera kukhala yowoneka bwino, yopanda utoto, komanso yamadzi ngati madzi. Musagwiritse ntchito insulini yamtunduwu ngati ikuwoneka mitambo, yokhuthala, kapena yofiira, kapena ngati ili ndi tinthu tolimba. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito NPH insulin yaumunthu (Humulin N, Novolin N) kapena insulin yoyambirira yomwe ili ndi NPH (Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30), insulini iyenera kuoneka mitambo kapena yamkaka mukatha kusakaniza. Musagwiritse ntchito mitundu iyi ya insulini ngati pali zotumphukira m'madzi kapena ngati pali tinthu ting'onoting'ono toyera totsamira pansi kapena pamakoma a botolo. Musagwiritse ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa insulini tsiku lomaliza litasindikizidwa botolo litadutsa.

Mitundu ina ya insulini yamunthu iyenera kugwedezeka kapena kusinthasintha kuti isakanizidwe musanagwiritse ntchito. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala ngati mtundu wa insulin womwe mukugwiritsa ntchito uyenera kusakanikirana ndi momwe muyenera kusakanikirana ngati kuli kofunikira.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala za komwe thupi lanu liyenera kubayidwa insulini yaumunthu. Mutha kubaya insulini yamunthu m'mimba, mkono wakumwamba, mwendo wapamwamba, kapena matako. Osalowetsa insulini yamunthu mu minofu, zipsera, kapena timadontho. Gwiritsani ntchito tsamba lina la jakisoni aliyense, osachepera 1/2 inchi (1.25 masentimita) kuchokera pamalo obayira kale koma m'dera lomwelo (mwachitsanzo, ntchafu). Gwiritsani ntchito masamba onse omwe alipo mdera lonse musanasinthe kupita kumalo ena (mwachitsanzo, mkono wapamwamba).

Mankhwalawa amatha kupatsidwa ntchito zina. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Musanagwiritse ntchito insulini,

• uzani dokotala wanu komanso wamankhwala ngati mukugwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa insulini kapena mankhwala ena aliwonse.
• Uzani dokotala wanu komanso wamankhwala mankhwala ndi mankhwala osapatsirana, mavitamini, zowonjezera zakudya, ndi mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa kapena omwe mukufuna kumwa.Onetsetsani kuti mwatchulapo izi: albuterol (Proair, Proventil, Ventolin, ena); alpha blockers monga doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax), ndi alfuzosin (Uroxatral); ma angiotensin otembenuza enzyme (ACE) zoletsa monga benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril, (Aceoponil (Ace) , ramipril (Altace), ndi trandolapril (Mavik); angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) monga candesartan (Atacand), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar, ku Hyzaar), valsartan (Diovan), ena; mankhwala opatsirana pogonana; asparaginase (Elspar); ma antipsychotic monga aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril, Fazaclo, Versacloz), olanzapine (Zyprexa, mu Symbyax), risperidone (Risperdal), ena; zotchinga beta monga atenolol (Tenormin), carvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Normodyne), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard), pindolol, propranolol (Inderal), sotalol (Betapace, Sorine), ndi timolol (Blocadren ); clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay); danazol; diazoxide (Proglycem); disopyramide (Norpace); okodzetsa ('mapiritsi amadzi'); mafinya monga fenofibrate (Fenoglide, Tricor, Trilipix), fenofibric acid (Fibricor), gemfibrozil (Lopid); isoniazid (mu Rifater, Rifamate); lifiyamu; mankhwala a mphumu ndi chimfine; mankhwala a matenda amisala kapena nseru; monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors monga isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), ndi tranylcypromine (Parnate); njira zolerera za mahomoni (mapiritsi olera, zigamba, mphete, jakisoni, kapena ma implants); mphesa (Niacor, Niaspan, Slo-Niacin); octreotide (Sandostatin); mankhwala akumwa ashuga monga pioglitazone (Actos, ku Actoplus Met ndi ena) ndi rosiglitazone (Avandia, ku Avandamet ndi ena); mankhwala amlomo monga dexamethasone (Decadron, Dexone), methylprednisolone (Medrol), ndi prednisone (Deltasone); pentamidine (Nebupent); pentoxifylline (Pentoxil); pramlintide (Symlin); HIV protease inhibitors (PI) monga atazanavir (Reyataz, ku Evotaz), darunavir (Prezista), indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir; ku Kaletra, Viekira Pak, ena); quinine; quinidine; kupweteka kwa salicylate kumachepetsa monga aspirin; somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope, Zomacton, ena); mankhwala a sulfa; terbutaline (Brethine); ndi mankhwala a chithokomiro. Dokotala wanu angafunike kusintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala anu kapena kukuyang'anirani mosamala zotsatira zake.
• uzani dokotala wanu ngati mwakhalapo kapena kuwonongeka kwamitsempha ndi matenda a shuga; mtima kulephera; kapena mtima, adrenal (kachiwalo kakang'ono pafupi ndi impso), pituitary (kachingwe kakang'ono muubongo), chithokomiro, chiwindi, kapena matenda a impso.
• uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi pakati, konzekerani kutenga pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa. Mukakhala ndi pakati mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin yaumunthu, itanani dokotala wanu.
• ngati mukuchitidwa opaleshoni, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni yamano, uzani adotolo kapena dokotala kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito insulin yamunthu.
• Mowa ungayambitse shuga m'magazi. Funsani dokotala wanu za zakumwa zoledzeretsa pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito insulini yaumunthu.
• Funsani dokotala wanu choti muchite mukadwala, mukapanikizika modabwitsa, mukakonzekera kuyenda kudera lamasiku, kapena kusintha masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kusintha kumeneku kumakhudza shuga wamagazi komanso kuchuluka kwa insulini yamunthu yomwe mungafune.
• funsani dokotala wanu kuti muwone kangati magazi anu shuga. Dziwani kuti hypoglycemia ingakhudze kuthekera kwanu pochita zinthu monga kuyendetsa galimoto ndikufunsani dokotala ngati mukufuna kuyang'ana shuga wamagazi musanayendetse kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina.

Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira zolimbitsa thupi komanso malingaliro azakudya zomwe adokotala anu kapena odyetsa. Ndikofunika kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso kudya zakudya zofanana za nthawi yofanana tsiku lililonse. Kudya kapena kuchedwetsa kudya kapena kusintha kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa chakudya chomwe mungadye kungayambitse mavuto pakuwongolera kwanu shuga.

Mukayamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulini yaumunthu, funsani dokotala zomwe muyenera kuchita mukaiwala kubaya jakisoni panthawi yoyenera. Lembani malangizowa kuti muthe kuwafotokozera pambuyo pake.

Mankhwalawa amachititsa kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi anu. Muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za shuga wotsika kwambiri komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati muli ndi izi.

Insulini yamunthu imatha kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:

• kufiira, kutupa, ndi kuyabwa pamalo opangira jakisoni
• kusintha pakumverera kwa khungu lanu, kukulitsa kwa khungu (kumanga mafuta), kapena kukhumudwa pang'ono pakhungu (kuwonongeka kwamafuta)
• kunenepa
• kudzimbidwa

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, uzani dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• zotupa ndi / kapena kuyabwa thupi lonse
• kupuma movutikira
• kupuma
• chizungulire
• kusawona bwino
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• thukuta
• kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza
• kufooka
• kukokana kwa minofu
• kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka
• kunenepa kwakukulu munthawi yochepa
• kutupa kwa mikono, manja, mapazi, akakolo, kapena miyendo yakumunsi

Mukakumana ndi zovuta zina, inu kapena adokotala mutha kutumiza lipoti ku pulogalamu ya Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting pa intaneti (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) kapena pafoni ( 1-800-332-1088).

Sungani mabotolo osatsegulidwa a insulin yaumunthu, zida zotayira zosatsegulidwa ndi zolembera za insulin zosatsegulidwa mufiriji. Osazizira insulini yamunthu ndipo musagwiritse ntchito insulini yamunthu yomwe yazizira. Mbale zotseguka za insulini yamunthu ziyenera kusungidwa mufiriji koma zimasungidwanso kutentha, pamalo ozizira opanda kutentha ndi dzuwa. Sitolo idatsegula zolembera za insulin ndikutsegula zida zama dosing kutentha. Onetsetsani zambiri za wopanga kuti mudziwe kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mungasunge cholembera kapena chida chanu chazida mutagwiritsa ntchito koyamba.

Mankhwala osafunikira ayenera kutayidwa munjira zapadera zowonetsetsa kuti ziweto, ana, ndi anthu ena sangamwe. Komabe, simuyenera kuthira mankhwalawa mchimbudzi. M'malo mwake, njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala anu ndikadongosolo lobwezera mankhwala. Lankhulani ndi wamankhwala wanu kapena lemberani dipatimenti yakunyumba / yobwezeretsanso kwanuko kuti muphunzire zamapulogalamu obwezeretsanso mdera lanu. Onani tsamba la FDA's Disposal of Medicines webusayiti (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) kuti mumve zambiri ngati mulibe pulogalamu yobwezera.

Ndikofunika kuti mankhwala onse asamawonekere komanso kuti ana asamafikire ngati muli zidebe zambiri (monga mapiritsi a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi omwe amatsikira m'maso, mafuta, zigamba, ndi opumira) sizolimbana ndi ana ndipo ana aang'ono amatha kuzitsegula mosavuta. Pofuna kuteteza ana ang'ono kuti asatenge poyizoni, nthawi zonse tsekani zipewa zachitetezo ndikuyika mankhwalawo pamalo otetezeka - omwe ali pamwamba ndi kutali komanso osawonekera ndi kufikira. http://www.upandaway.org

Mukadwala mopitirira muyeso, itanani foni yothandizira poyizoni pa 1-800-222-1222. Zambiri zimapezekanso pa intaneti pa https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ngati wozunzidwayo wagwa, watenga khunyu, akuvutika kupuma, kapena sangathe kudzutsidwa, nthawi yomweyo itanani anthu azadzidzidzi ku 911.

Kuchulukitsidwa kwa insulini kwamunthu kumatha kuchitika ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin yamunthu yochulukirapo kapena ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin yolondola koma mumadya zochepa kuposa masiku onse kapena mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuposa masiku onse. Kuchuluka kwa insulin yaumunthu kumatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda a hypoglycemia, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala pazomwe muyenera kuchita ngati mukudwala matenda a hypoglycemia. Zizindikiro zina za bongo:

• kutaya chidziwitso
• kugwidwa

Sungani maimidwe onse ndi dokotala wanu ndi labotale. Magazi anu a shuga ndi hemoglobin (HbA1c) a glycosylated amayenera kufufuzidwa pafupipafupi kuti mudziwe momwe mungayankhire insulin yaumunthu. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzaninso momwe mungayang'anire kuyankha kwanu ku insulin ya munthu poyesa magazi anu kapena shuga wamkodzo kunyumba. Tsatirani malangizowa mosamala.

Muyenera kuvala chibangili chizindikiritso cha ashuga kuti mutsimikizire kuti mumalandira chithandizo chadzidzidzi pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

Musalole kuti wina aliyense agwiritse ntchito mankhwala anu. Funsani wamankhwala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo okhudzana ndi kudzaza mankhwala anu.

Ndikofunika kuti musunge mndandanda wamankhwala onse omwe mumalandira komanso osalembetsa (owerengera) omwe mukumwa, komanso zinthu zilizonse monga mavitamini, michere, kapena zakudya zina. Muyenera kubwera nawo pamndandandawu nthawi iliyonse mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena ngati mwalandiridwa kuchipatala. Ndikofunikanso kuthana nanu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

• Humulin R^®
• Humulin N^®
• Humulin 70/30^®
• Humulin 50/50^®¶
• Humulin R U-500^®
• Myxredlin^®
• Novolin R^®
• [Adasankhidwa] Novolin N.^®
• Novolin 70/30^®

^¶ Chogulitsa ichi sichikupezeka pamsika. Njira zina zitha kupezeka.