Khansa ya Adrenal

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya zotupa za adrenal gland
• Benign adenomas
• Adrenal cortical carcinomas
• Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya adrenal ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya adrenal?
• Kodi matenda a adrenal amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya adrenal ndi ati?
• Opaleshoni
• Thandizo la radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Mankhwala ena
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Kodi khansa ya adrenal ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya adrenal ndimavuto omwe amapezeka m'maselo achilendo amapita kapena amapita kumatenda a adrenal. Thupi lanu lili ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono ta adrenal, imodzi yomwe ili pamwamba pa impso iliyonse. Khansa ya adrenal nthawi zambiri imapezeka kumtunda kwakumapeto kwa gland, kapena adrenal cortex. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati chotupa.

Chotupa cha khansa ya adrenal gland chimatchedwa adrenal cortical carcinoma. Chotupa chosafunikira cha adrenal gland chimatchedwa benign adenoma.

Ngati muli ndi khansa m'matenda a adrenal, koma sanayambireko, samawerengedwa kuti ndi adrenal cortical carcinoma. Khansa ya m'mawere, m'mimba, impso, khungu, ndi lymphoma nthawi zambiri imafalikira kumatenda a adrenal.

Mitundu ya zotupa za adrenal gland

Benign adenomas

Benign adenomas ndi ochepa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepera mainchesi awiri. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chotupachi alibe zisonyezo. Zotupa izi zimakonda kupezeka pamtundu umodzi wokha wa adrenal, koma zimatha kupezeka pamatenda onsewa nthawi zina.

Adrenal cortical carcinomas

Adrenal cortical carcinomas nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa benign adenomas. Ngati chotupa chili chopitilira mainchesi awiri, chimakhala ndi khansa. Nthawi zina, amatha kukula mokwanira kuti akhomere ziwalo zanu, zomwe zimabweretsa zizindikilo zambiri. Nthawi zina amatha kupanga mahomoni omwe amasintha mthupi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya adrenal ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa ya adrenal imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Izi ndi androgen, estrogen, cortisol, ndi aldosterone. Zizindikiro zimathanso kubwera chifukwa cha zotupa zazikulu zomwe zimakanikiza ziwalo za thupi.

Zizindikiro zakupanga kwambiri a androgen kapena estrogen ndizosavuta kuziwona mwa ana kuposa achikulire chifukwa kusintha kwakuthupi kumakhala kosavuta komanso kowoneka bwino munthu akamatha msinkhu. Zizindikiro zina za khansa ya adrenal mwa ana itha kukhala:

• kuchuluka kwa pubic, underarm, komanso kukula kwa tsitsi kumaso
• mbolo yotakasa
• clitoris wokulitsa
• mawere akulu mwa anyamata
• kutha msinkhu mwa atsikana

Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya adrenal, zizindikiro sizimawoneka mpaka chotupacho chikakhala chokwanira kupitiriza ziwalo zina. Amayi omwe ali ndi zotupa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa androgen amatha kuwona kukula kwa tsitsi kumaso kapena kukulira kwa mawu. Amuna omwe ali ndi zotupa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa estrogen amatha kuwona kukulitsa kwa m'mawere kapena kufinya kwa m'mawere. Kuzindikira chotupa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa amayi omwe ali ndi estrogen yochulukirapo komanso amuna omwe ali ndi androgen wochulukirapo.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya adrenal yomwe imatulutsa cortisol yambiri ndi aldosterone mwa akulu imatha kuphatikiza:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• shuga wambiri wamagazi
• kunenepa
• nthawi zosasintha
• kuvulaza kosavuta
• kukhumudwa
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kukokana kwa minofu

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya adrenal?

Pakadali pano, asayansi sadziwa chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya adrenal. Malingana ndi American Cancer Society, pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya khansa ya adrenal imayambitsidwa ndi matenda amtundu. Zinthu zina zitha kukuikani pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya adrenal.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Matenda a Beckwith-Wiedemann, Omwe ndimatenda okula modabwitsa omwe amadziwika ndi thupi ndi ziwalo zazikulu. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya impso ndi chiwindi.
• Matenda a Li-Fraumeni, omwe ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amachititsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka pamitundu yambiri ya khansa.
• Wodziwika bwino adenomatous polyposis (FAP), womwe ndi mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo wodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma polyps m'matumbo akulu omwe amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'matumbo.
• Angapo endocrine neoplasia mtundu 1 (MEN1), womwe ndi cholowa chobadwa chomwe chimayambitsa zotupa zambiri kukula, zonse zowopsa komanso zoyipa, m'matumba omwe amatulutsa mahomoni ngati pituitary, parathyroid, ndi kapamba.

Kusuta mwina kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha khansa ya adrenal, koma palibe umboni wotsimikizirika panobe.

Kodi matenda a adrenal amapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira khansa ya adrenal kumayambira ndi mbiri ya zamankhwala komanso kuyezetsa thupi. Dokotala wanu amatenganso magazi ndikutenga mkodzo kuti mukayesedwe.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso ena monga:

• chithunzi chotsogozedwa ndi singano
• ultrasound
• chojambula cha CT
• kujambula kwa positron emission tomography (PET)
• Kujambula kwa MRI
• zojambula za adrenal

Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya adrenal ndi ati?

Kuchiritsidwa msanga nthawi zina kumachiritsa khansa ya adrenal. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamankhwala ochiritsira a khansa ya adrenal:

Opaleshoni

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni njira yotchedwa adrenalectomy, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa adrenal gland. Ngati khansara yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, dokotala wanu amathanso kuchotsa ma lymph node ndi minofu yapafupi.

Thandizo la radiation

Mankhwala a radiation amagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kupha ma cell a khansa ndikuletsa ma cell atsopano a khansa kuti asakule.

Chemotherapy

Kutengera gawo la khansa yanu, mungafunikire kulandira mankhwala a chemotherapy. Mtundu wamankhwala amtundu wa khansa amathandizira kuletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa. Chemotherapy imatha kuperekedwa pakamwa kapena jekeseni mumtsempha kapena minofu.

Dokotala wanu amatha kuphatikiza chemotherapy ndi mitundu ina ya chithandizo cha khansa.

Mankhwala ena

Kuchotsa magazi, kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma cell a chotupa, kungakhale kofunikira kwa zotupa zomwe sizitetezedwa kuti zichotse opaleshoni.

Mitotane (Lysodren) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa ya adrenal. Nthawi zina, amaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Ikhoza kuletsa kupanga mahomoni ochulukirapo ndipo kungathandize kuchepetsa kukula kwa chotupacho.

Muthanso kukambirana zamankhwala azachipatala ndi adotolo, monga biologic therapy, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chamthupi kulimbana ndi ma cell a khansa.

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Mukakhala ndi khansa ya adrenal, gulu la madokotala lithandizana nanu kuti mugwirizane ndi chisamaliro chanu. Maulendo otsatira otsatira ndi madokotala anu ndi ofunikira ngati mudakhala ndi zotupa za adrenal m'mbuyomu. Khansa ya adrenal imatha kubwereranso nthawi iliyonse, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti muzilumikizana kwambiri ndi gulu lanu lazachipatala.