Agraphia: Polemba Sikophweka ngati ABC

Zamkati

• Kodi agraphia ndi chiyani?
• Agraphia vs. Alexia vs. Aphasia
• Kodi mitundu ya agraphia ndi yotani?
• Central agraphia
• Kuzama agraphia
• Alexia ndi agraphia
• Agraphia wamatsenga
• Phonological agraphia
• Matenda a Gerstmann
• Zozungulira agraphia
• Apraxic agraphia
• Visuospatial agraphia
• Kubwereza agraphia
• Dysexecutive agraphia
• Nyimbo agraphia
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa agraphia?
• Sitiroko
• Zovulala muubongo
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Zilonda zochepa wamba
• Kodi agraphia amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi mankhwala a agraphia ndi ati?
• Mfundo yofunika

Ingoganizirani kusankha kulemba mndandanda wazinthu zomwe mukufuna kuchokera kugolosale ndikupeza kuti simukudziwa zilembo zomwe zimatanthauzira mawuwo mkate.

Kapena kulemba kalata yochokera pansi pamtima ndikupeza kuti mawu omwe mwalembawo alibe tanthauzo kwa wina aliyense. Ingoganizirani kuiwala kamvekedwe ka kalatayo "Z" amapanga.

Chodabwitsachi ndi chomwe chimadziwika kuti agraphia, kapena kutaya mwayi wolumikizana mwalemba, kuchokera kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.

Kodi agraphia ndi chiyani?

Kuti mulembe, muyenera kuchita bwino ndikuphatikiza maluso osiyanasiyana.

Ubongo wanu uyenera kusanja chilankhulo. Mwanjira ina, muyenera kusintha malingaliro anu kukhala mawu.

Muyenera:

• sankhani zilembo zoyenera kutanthauzira mawu amenewo
• konzani momwe mungakopere zilembo zojambula zomwe timatcha makalata
• lembani nawo ndi dzanja lanu

Mukamakopera zilembozo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe mukulemba tsopano ndikukonzekera zomwe mudzalembere kenako.

Agraphia imachitika malo aliwonse amubongo wanu omwe akulembedwa awonongeka kapena kuvulala.

Chifukwa chilankhulo komanso cholembedwa chimapangidwa ndi maukonde olumikizana bwino muubongo, anthu omwe ali ndi agraphia nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi vuto linalake.

Anthu omwe ali ndi agraphia nthawi zambiri amavutikanso kuwerenga kapena kulankhula molondola.

Agraphia vs. Alexia vs. Aphasia

Agraphia ndikutaya mwayi wolemba. Aphasia nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kutayika kwakulankhula. Komano, Alexia, ndikutaya mwayi wodziwa mawu omwe kale mungawerenge. Pachifukwachi, alexia nthawi zina amatchedwa "khungu khungu."

Matenda onse atatuwa amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo osinthira zilankhulo muubongo.

Kodi mitundu ya agraphia ndi yotani?

Zomwe agraphia amawoneka zimasiyanasiyana kutengera dera lomwe ubongo wawonongeka.

Agraphia akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri otakata:

• chapakati
• zotumphukira

Ikhoza kugawidwa molingana ndi gawo liti lomwe lalembedwera.

Central agraphia

Central agraphia amatanthauza kutaya zolemba zomwe zimachokera pakukanika kwa chilankhulo, zowonera, kapena malo oyendetsa ubongo.

Kutengera komwe kuvulala kuli, anthu omwe ali ndi agraphia apakati sangathe kulemba mawu omveka. Zolemba zawo zitha kukhala ndi zolakwika pafupipafupi, kapena kaphatikizidwe kakhoza kukhala kovuta.

Mitundu yapadera ya agraphia yapakati ndi iyi:

Kuzama agraphia

Kuvulala kwa lobe kumanzere kwa ubongo nthawi zina kumawononga kutha kukumbukira kukumbukira kuperekera mawu. Luso limeneli limadziwika kuti kukumbukira kulemba.

Ndi agraphia zakuya, munthu samangovutikira kukumbukira matchulidwe amawu, koma amathanso kukhala ndi zovuta kukumbukira momwe "amvekere" mawu.

Luso limeneli limadziwika kuti luso la mawu. Kuzama kwa agraphia kumadziwikanso ndi zolakwika zamalingaliro - mawu osokoneza omwe matanthauzo ake ndi ofanana - mwachitsanzo, kulemba woyendetsa sitima m'malo mwa nyanja.

Alexia ndi agraphia

Matendawa amachititsa kuti anthu azilephera kuwerenga komanso kulemba. Atha kumatha kutulutsa mawu, koma sangathenso kufikira gawo lazokumbukira zawo zomwe zilembo zam'mawu zimasungidwa.

Mawu omwe ali ndi malembo achilendo amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa mawu omwe amatsata kalembedwe kosavuta.

Agraphia wamatsenga

Matendawa amaphatikizapo kutaya mwayi wolemba mawu omwe sanalembedwe patelefoni.

Anthu omwe ali ndi agraphia yamtunduwu sangathe kutchulanso mawu osasinthasintha.Awa ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka lexical osati kalembedwe ka foni.

Phonological agraphia

Vutoli ndilosiyana ndi lexical agraphia.

Kutha kumveka mawu kwawonongeka. Polemba mawu molondola, munthu yemwe ali ndi phonological agraphia ayenera kudalira malembedwe oloweza pamtima.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli samakhala ndi vuto lolemba mawu omwe ali ndi tanthauzo la konkriti ngati nsomba kapena tebulo, pomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti alembe zinthu monga: chikhulupiriro ndipo ulemu.

Matenda a Gerstmann

Matenda a Gerstmann ali ndi zizindikiro zinayi:

• chala agnosia (kulephera kuzindikira zala)
• chisokonezo chakumanja
• agraphia
• acalculia (kutaya mwayi wochita manambala osavuta monga kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa)

Matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gyrus wamanzere wakumanzere, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha sitiroko.

Koma zakhala zikuwononganso kufalikira kwaubongo chifukwa cha zikhalidwe ngati:

• lupus
• uchidakwa
• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide
• Kuwonetsa kwambiri kutsogolera

Zozungulira agraphia

Peripheral agraphia amatanthauza kutaya kwa luso lolemba. Ngakhale zimayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, zitha kuwoneka molakwika kuti zimalumikizidwa ndi magalimoto kapena mawonekedwe owoneka.

Zimaphatikizaponso kutaya chidziwitso chakusankha ndi kulumikiza zilembo kuti apange mawu.

Apraxic agraphia

Nthawi zina amatchedwa "pure" agraphia, apraxic agraphia ndikutaya mwayi wolemba pomwe mutha kuwerenga ndi kuyankhula.

Matendawa nthawi zina pamakhala chotupa kapena chotuluka magazi kutsogolo, lobe, kapena lobe kwakanthawi kwakubongo kapena thalamus.

Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti apraxic agraphia imakupangitsani kulephera kufikira madera aubongo wanu omwe amakulolani kukonzekera mayendedwe omwe muyenera kupanga kuti mupeze mawonekedwe amawu.

Visuospatial agraphia

Wina akakhala ndi visuospatial agraphia, sangathe kulemba zolemba zawo mozungulira.

Amatha kugawa magulu molakwika (mwachitsanzo, kulemba Ia msomeb ody m'malo mwa Ndine winawake). Kapenanso atha kulembera zolemba zawo gawo limodzi la tsambalo.

Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa agraphia amasiya zilembo m'mawu kapena kuwonjezera zikwapu m'makalata ena momwe amalemba. Visuospatial agraphia yakhala ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa gawo lamanja laubongo.

Kubwereza agraphia

Amatchedwanso kubwerezabwereza agraphia, kuwonongeka kwa kulembaku kumapangitsa anthu kubwereza zilembo, mawu, kapena magawo amawu momwe amalemba.

Dysexecutive agraphia

Mtundu wa agraphia uli ndi mawonekedwe a aphasia (kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo pakulankhula) ndi apraxic agraphia. Zimakhudzana ndi matenda a Parkinson kapena kuwonongeka kwa lobe yakutsogolo kwaubongo.

Chifukwa chimalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zolembedwa zokhudzana ndi kukonzekera, kulinganiza, ndikuwunika, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi ntchito yayikulu, vuto lotereli limatchedwa nthawi zina.

Nyimbo agraphia

Nthawi zambiri, munthu yemwe kale ankadziwa kulemba nyimbo amataya mwayiwu chifukwa chovulala muubongo.

M'chaka cha 2000, mphunzitsi wa piyano amene anachitidwa opaleshoni yaubongo sanathenso kulemba mawu komanso nyimbo.

Kutha kwake kulemba mawu ndi ziganizo pamapeto pake kunabwezeretsedwanso, koma kuthekera kwake kolemba nyimbo ndi malimbidwe sizinapezenso.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa agraphia?

Matenda kapena kuvulala komwe kumakhudza magawo amubongo omwe akukhudzidwa ndikulemba kumatha kubweretsa agraphia.

Maluso azilankhulo amapezeka m'malo angapo mbali yayikulu yaubongo (mbali yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi dzanja lanu lamphamvu), parietal, frontal, and lobes lobes.

Zilankhulo zomwe zili muubongo zimalumikizana ndi ma neural zomwe zimathandizira chilankhulo. Kuwonongeka kwa malo azilankhulo kapena kulumikizana pakati pawo kumatha kuyambitsa agraphia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa agraphia ndi izi:

Sitiroko

Pamene magazi omwe amapezeka m'malo azilankhulo za ubongo wanu asokonezedwa ndi sitiroko, mutha kutaya luso lanu lolemba. apeza kuti kusowa kwa chilankhulo kumachitika chifukwa cha kupwetekedwa mtima.

Zovulala muubongo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kuvulala koopsa kwa ubongo ngati "bampu, kuwomba, kapena kugwedezeka pamutu komwe kumasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a ubongo."

Kuvulala kulikonse komwe kumakhudza madera azilankhulo zaubongo, ngakhale zitachitika chifukwa chakusamba, ngozi yagalimoto, kapena kugundana pabwalo la mpira, zitha kubweretsa agraphia kwakanthawi kapena kwamuyaya.

Kusokonezeka maganizo

Agraphia yomwe imakulirakulira ndikuti, ena amakhulupirira, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda amisala.

Ndi mitundu yambiri yamatenda amisala, kuphatikiza Alzheimer's, anthu samangotaya kulankhulana momveka bwino polemba, koma amathanso kukhala ndi mavuto pakuwerenga ndi kuyankhula momwe matenda awo akupitilira.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa (kuchepa) kwa madera azilankhulo zaubongo.

Zilonda zochepa wamba

Chotupa ndi gawo la minofu yachilendo kapena kuwonongeka mkati mwa ubongo. Zilonda zimatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito am'deralo momwe zimawonekera.

Madokotala ku Mayo Clinic amati zotupa zaubongo ndizoyambitsa zingapo, kuphatikizapo:

• zotupa
• aneurysm
• mitsempha yopunduka
• mikhalidwe monga multiple sclerosis and stroke

Ngati chotupa chikupezeka m'dera laubongo lomwe limakuthandizani kulemba, agraphia ikhoza kukhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro.

Kodi agraphia amapezeka bwanji?

Computed tomography (CT), kujambulidwa kwa maginito opanga maginito (MRI) ndi positron emission technology (PET) amathandizira madokotala kuti awone kuwonongeka kwamalo am'magazi komwe kuli malo opangira zilankhulo.

Nthawi zina kusintha kumakhala kochenjera ndipo sikungapezeke ndi mayeserowa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mayeso owerenga, kulemba, kapena kuyankhula kuti mudziwe njira zomwe zingasokonezere kuvulala kwanu.

Kodi mankhwala a agraphia ndi ati?

Pazovuta kwambiri pomwe kuvulala kwa ubongo kumakhala kosatha, mwina sizingatheke kubwezeretsa kwathunthu luso lapakale la munthu wina lolemba.

Komabe, pali kafukufuku wina yemwe akuwonetsa kuti pomwe kukonzanso kumaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zolankhulira, zotsatira zoyambiranso zimakhala bwino kuposa momwe njira imodzi imagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Mmodzi wa 2013 adapeza kuti luso lolemba lidakula kwa anthu omwe anali ndi alexia ndi agraphia atakhala ndi magawo angapo azachipatala momwe amawerengera mobwerezabwereza mpaka atatha kuwerenga mawu onse m'malo mongolemba ndi kalata.

Njira yowerengera iyi idalumikizidwa ndi zolankhulirana zophatikizira pomwe ophunzira amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoperekera kuti ziwathandize kuwona ndikukonza zolakwika zawo.

Othandizira okonzanso amatha kugwiritsanso ntchito njira zowonera mawu, zida za mnemonic, ndi anagrams kuthandiza anthu kuti aphunzire.

Atha kugwiritsanso ntchito kalembedwe ndi zolemba pamawu komanso kuwerenga pakamwa ndi kalembedwe kuti athetse zoperewera m'malo ambiri nthawi imodzi.

Ena apambana pogwiritsa ntchito kuboola kulimbitsa kulumikizana kwamawu amawu (ma phonemesi) ndi kuzindikira kwa zilembo zomwe zimayimira mawu (ma graphemes).

Njirazi zitha kuthandiza kupatsa anthu njira zothetsera mavuto, kuti athe kugwira bwino ntchito, ngakhale kuwonongeka kwaubongo sikungasinthidwe.

Mfundo yofunika

Agraphia ndikutaya mwayi wokhoza kulumikizana kalembedwe. Itha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• zoopsa kuvulala kwaubongo
• sitiroko
• Matenda monga dementia, khunyu, kapena zotupa zamaubongo

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi agraphia amakumananso ndi zosokoneza pakulephera kwawo kuwerenga ndi kulankhula.

Ngakhale mitundu ina ya kuwonongeka kwaubongo siyingasinthidwe, anthu atha kupezanso luso lawo lolemba pogwira ntchito ndi othandizira kuti aphunzire momwe angakonzekere, kulemba, ndi kulembera molondola kwambiri.