Kodi Anencephaly N'chiyani?

Zamkati

• Nchiyani chimayambitsa ndipo ndani ali pachiwopsezo?
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Amachizidwa bwanji?
• Anencephaly motsutsana ndi microcephaly
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?
• Kodi zitha kupewedwa?

Chidule

Anencephaly ndi vuto lobadwa kumene ubongo ndi mafupa a chigaza samakhazikika kwathunthu mwanayo ali m'mimba. Zotsatira zake, ubongo wamwana, makamaka cerebellum, umakula pang'ono. Cerebellum ndi gawo laubongo lomwe limayang'anira kulingalira, kuyenda, ndi mphamvu, kuphatikiza kukhudza, kuwona, ndi kumva.

Anencephaly amadziwika kuti ndi neural tube chilema. Thupi la neural ndi shaft yopapatiza yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsekedwa pakukula kwa mwana ndipo imapanga ubongo ndi msana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika sabata yachinayi yapakati, koma ngati sizitero, zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala anencephaly.

Izi zosachiritsika zimakhudza pafupifupi mimba zitatu pa 10,000 ku United States chaka chilichonse, malinga ndi. Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya milandu, mwanayo amabadwa atamwalira. Ana ena obadwa ndi anencephaly amatha kukhala ndi moyo maola ochepa kapena masiku ochepa.

Nthawi zambiri, kutenga pakati komwe kumakhudzana ndi vuto la neural chubu kumathera padera.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa ndipo ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Chifukwa cha anencephaly sichidziwika, chomwe chingakhale chokhumudwitsa. Kwa ana ena, chifukwa chake chimatha kukhala chokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa majini kapena chromosome. Nthaŵi zambiri, makolo a mwanayo alibe mbiri ya banja ya anencephaly.

Kuwonetsera kwa mayi ku poizoni wina wazachilengedwe, mankhwala, kapena zakudya kapena zakumwa kumatha kuthandizira. Komabe, ofufuza sakudziwa zokwanira pazomwe zingayambitse chiopsezo ichi kuti apereke malangizo kapena machenjezo.

Kudziwika ndi kutentha kwambiri, kaya kuchokera ku sauna kapena hot tub kapena kutentha thupi, kumatha kubweretsa chiopsezo cha kupunduka kwa ma tube a neural.

Cleveland Clinic ikusonyeza kuti mankhwala ena akuchipatala, kuphatikiza ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga, angapangitse ngozi ya anencephaly. Matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri atha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha zovuta zapakati pa mimba, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse zimakhala bwino kukambirana ndi dokotala za zovuta zilizonse zomwe zingachitike komanso momwe zingakhudzire kutenga kwanu.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pachiwopsezo chokhudzana ndi anencephaly ndi kudya mokwanira folic acid. Kuperewera kwa michere iyi kumatha kubweretsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi zofooka zina za neural kupatula anencephaly, monga spina bifida. Amayi apakati amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotere ndi ma folic acid owonjezera kapena kusintha kwa zakudya.

Ngati mwakhala ndi mwana wakhanda yemwe ali ndi anencephaly, mwayi wanu wokhala ndi mwana wachiwiri yemwe ali ndi vuto lomweli kapena vuto lina la neural chubu limakulirakulira ndi 4 mpaka 10 peresenti. Mimba ziwiri zam'mbuyomu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi matenda a anencephaly zimapangitsa kuti zibwerere pafupifupi 10 mpaka 13 peresenti.

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

Madokotala amatha kudziwa matenda a anencephaly ali ndi pakati kapena atangobadwa kumene. Pobadwa, zovuta za chigaza zimawoneka mosavuta. Nthawi zina, gawo la khungu limasowa, limodzi ndi chigaza.

Kuyesedwa kwa amayi asanabadwe a anencephaly ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi. Mapuloteni a chiwindi a alpha-fetoprotein amatha kuwonetsa anencephaly.
• Amniocentesis. Zamadzimadzi zochokera mu thumba la amniotic lozungulira mwana wosabadwa zitha kuwerengedwa kuti zifufuze zizindikilo zingapo zakukula kosazolowereka. Mulingo wapamwamba wa alpha-fetoprotein ndi acetylcholinesterase umalumikizidwa ndi neural tube zolakwika.
• Ultrasound. Mafunde akumveka pafupipafupi amatha kuthandiza kupanga zithunzi (sonograms) za mwana wosabadwa pakompyuta. Sonogram imatha kuwonetsa zizindikilo za anencephaly.
• Kujambula kwa Fetal MRI. Mphamvu yamaginito ndi ma wailesi zimatulutsa zithunzi za mwana wosabadwayo. Kujambula kwa fetal MRI kumapereka zithunzi zambiri kuposa ultrasound.

Cleveland Clinic ikuwonetsa kuyesedwa kwa amayi asanabadwe kwa anencephaly pakati pa masabata a 14 ndi 18 a mimba. Kujambula kwa fetal MRI kumachitika nthawi iliyonse.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zowonekera kwambiri za anencephaly ndi mbali zosowa za chigaza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala mafupa kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mafupa ena m'mbali kapena kutsogolo kwa chigaza amathanso kusowa kapena kupangika bwino. Ubongo nawonso sunapangidwe moyenera. Popanda cerebellum yathanzi, munthu sangakhale ndi moyo

Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kupindika makutu, kuphulika kwa m'kamwa, komanso kusachita bwino zinthu. Ana ena obadwa ndi matenda a anencephaly amakhalanso ndi vuto la mtima.

Amachizidwa bwanji?

Palibe mankhwala kapena mankhwala a anencephaly. Khanda lobadwa ndi vutoli liyenera kukhala lotentha komanso losangalala. Ngati mbali iliyonse ya pamutu ikusowa, ziwalo zobisika zaubongo ziyenera kuphimbidwa.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa khanda lobadwa ndi anencephaly sikupitilira masiku ochepa, mwina maola ochepa.

Anencephaly motsutsana ndi microcephaly

Anencephaly ndi imodzi mwazinthu zingapo zomwe zimadziwika kuti matenda a cephalic. Zonsezi ndizokhudzana ndi mavuto ndikukula kwamanjenje.

Matenda amodzi ofanana ndi anencephaly mwanjira zina ndi microcephaly. Mwana wobadwa ndi vutoli amakhala ndi khungu locheperako kuposa labwinobwino pamutu.

Mosiyana ndi anencephaly, yomwe imawoneka pobadwa, ma microcephaly atha kukhalapo pena kubadwa. Ikhoza kukula mzaka zochepa zoyambirira za moyo.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi microcephaly amatha kukhwima bwino pankhope ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, pomwe mutu umakhalabe wocheperako. Wina yemwe ali ndi microcephaly atha kukhala wochedwa kukula ndikukumana ndi moyo waufupi kuposa wina wopanda vuto la cephalic.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Ngakhale kukhala ndi mwana m'modzi kukhala ndi anencephaly kumatha kukhala kopweteketsa mtima, kumbukirani kuti chiopsezo chotenga mimba pambuyo pake chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. Mutha kuthandizira kuchepetsa chiwopsezochi powonetsetsa kuti mumamwa folic acid wokwanira musanakhale komanso mukakhala ndi pakati.

CDC imagwira ntchito ndi Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention pamaphunziro ofufuza njira zabwino zopewera ndi kuchizira anencephaly ndi ziwonetsero zonse zobadwa nazo.

Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati, lankhulani ndi dokotala posachedwa za njira zonse zomwe zingakuthandizireni kuti mukhale ndi pakati.

Kodi zitha kupewedwa?

Kupewa anencephaly sikungatheke nthawi zonse, ngakhale pali njira zina zomwe zingachepetse zoopsa.

Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mutha kutenga pakati, CDC imalimbikitsa kudya tsiku lililonse osachepera. Chitani izi potenga folic acid kapena pakudya zakudya zokhala ndi folic acid. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuphatikiza njira zonsezi, kutengera zomwe mumadya.