Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Katemera wa Anthrax
Zamkati
- Za katemera wa anthrax
- Ndani amalandira katemerayu?
- Kodi katemerayu amaperekedwa bwanji?
- Kuwonetseratu
- Kutulutsidwa pambuyo pake
- Ndani sayenera kuchipeza?
- Zotsatira zoyipa
- Zotsatira zoyipa
- Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zadzidzidzi
- Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala
- Katemera zigawo zikuluzikulu
- Katemera wa anthrax m'nkhani
- Mfundo yofunika
Anthrax ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya otchedwa Bacillus matenda. Sipezeka kawirikawiri ku United States, koma matenda amabuka nthawi zina. Ilinso ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chamoyo.
Mabakiteriya a anthrax amatha kupanga nyumba zomwe zimatchedwa spores zomwe ndizolimba kwambiri. Ma spores amenewa akalowa m'thupi, mabakiteriya amatha kuyambiranso ndikupangitsa matenda owopsa komanso owopsa.
Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe zambiri za katemera wa anthrax, ndani ayenera kulandira, ndi zomwe zingakhale zovuta.
Za katemera wa anthrax
Pali katemera mmodzi yekha wa anthrax ku United States. Dzina lake ndi BioThrax. Muthanso kuwona kuti amatchedwa katemera wa anthrax adsorbed (AVA).
AVA amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa anthrax womwe umakhala wovuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizoyambitsa matenda. Katemerayu mulibe mabakiteriya aliwonse.
M'malo mwake, AVA imapangidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya chomwe chidasefedwa. Yankho losabala limakhala ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi mabakiteriya pakukula.
Mmodzi mwa mapuloteniwa amatchedwa antigen antigen (PA). PA ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni wa anthrax, omwe bakiteriya amatulutsa mukamayambitsa matenda. Ndikutulutsa poizoni uku komwe kumatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu.
AVA imalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti apange ma antibodies ku protein ya PA. Ma antibodies awa amatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa poizoni wa anthrax mukadwala.
Ndani amalandira katemerayu?
Katemera wa anthrax nthawi zambiri sapezeka kwa anthu wamba. Pakadali pano amalimbikitsa kuti katemerayu aperekedwe m'magulu enieni.
Maguluwa ndi anthu omwe atha kukumana ndi mabakiteriya a anthrax. Amaphatikizapo anthu azaka zapakati pa 18 mpaka 65 omwe ali:
- ogwira ntchito ku labotale omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mabakiteriya a anthrax
- anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi nyama kapena nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, monga ogwira ntchito zanyama
- asitikali ena aku US (monga atsimikiza ndi a department of Defense)
- anthu opanda katemera omwe adakumana ndi mabakiteriya a anthrax
Kodi katemerayu amaperekedwa bwanji?
Katemerayu amaperekedwa m'njira ziwiri zosiyanasiyana kutengera matenda a anthrax asanaonekere.
Kuwonetseratu
Pofuna kupewa, katemera wa anthrax amaperekedwa m'miyeso isanu yamitsempha. Mlingo umaperekedwa 1, 6, 12, ndi 18 miyezi itadwala yoyamba, motsatana.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu itatu yoyambirira, zowonjezera zimalimbikitsidwa pakatha miyezi 12 iliyonse pambuyo pomaliza. Chifukwa chitetezo chamthupi chimatha kuchepa pakapita nthawi, zowonjezera zimatha kuteteza nthawi zonse anthu omwe atha kudwala anthrax.
Kutulutsidwa pambuyo pake
Katemerayu akagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu omwe alibe katemera omwe amapezeka ndi anthrax, ndondomekoyi imapanikizidwa ndi mitundu itatu yapadera.
Mlingo woyamba umaperekedwa mwachangu, pomwe wachiwiri ndi wachitatu amaperekedwa pakatha milungu iwiri ndi inayi. Maantibayotiki adzaperekedwa kwa masiku 60 limodzi ndi katemera.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa | Mlingo 1 | Mlingo 2 | Mlingo 3 | Mlingo 4 | Mlingo 5 | Chilimbikitso | Maantibayotiki |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kupewa | Mfuti imodzi kumanja | mwezi umodzi mutamwa koyamba | miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutatha kumwa mankhwala oyamba | chaka chimodzi pambuyo mlingo woyamba | Miyezi 18 pambuyo pa mlingo woyamba | miyezi 12 iliyonse pambuyo pomaliza kumwa | |
Chithandizo | Mfuti imodzi kumanja | masabata awiri mutatha kumwa mankhwala oyamba | masabata atatu mutatha kumwa mankhwala oyamba | kwa masiku 60 mutamwa koyamba |
Ndani sayenera kuchipeza?
Anthu otsatirawa sayenera kulandira katemera wa anthrax:
- anthu omwe adachitapo kanthu poyipa kapena poopseza moyo wawo ku katemera wa anthrax kapena chilichonse mwazinthu zake
- anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chifukwa cha mthupi, HIV, kapena mankhwala monga khansa
- amayi omwe ali ndi pakati kapena amakhulupirira kuti atha kukhala ndi pakati
- anthu omwe kale anali ndi matenda a anthrax
- anthu omwe ali odwala pang'ono (ayenera kudikirira mpaka atachira kuti adzalandire katemera)
Zotsatira zoyipa
Monga katemera kapena mankhwala aliwonse, katemera wa anthrax amakhalanso ndi zovuta zina.
Zotsatira zoyipa
Malinga ndi, zovuta zoyipa zimatha kuphatikiza:
- kufiira, kutupa, kapena chotupa pamalo obayira
- kumva kuwawa kapena kuyabwa pamalo obayira
- Kupweteka kwa minofu ndikumva kuwawa m'manja momwe jekeseni adalandirira, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kuyenda
- kumverera kutopa kapena kutopa
- mutu
Zotsatira zoyipazi nthawi zambiri zimatha zokha popanda chithandizo.
Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zadzidzidzi
Malinga ndi a, zovuta zoyipa zomwe zanenedwapo zimaphatikizapo zovuta zina monga anaphylaxis. Izi zimachitika pakangopita mphindi zochepa kapena maola atalandila katemerayu.
Ndikofunika kudziwa zizindikilo za anaphylaxis kuti muthe kupeza chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
- kuvuta kupuma
- kutupa pakhosi, milomo, kapena nkhope
- nseru
- kusanza
- kupweteka m'mimba
- kutsegula m'mimba
- kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
- kumva chizungulire
- kukomoka
Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, ndizomwe zimanenedwa pamiyeso 100,000 yomwe yaperekedwa.
Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala
Katemera wa anthrax sayenera kuperekedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala a immunosuppressive, kuphatikiza chemotherapy, corticosteroids, ndi radiation radiation. Mankhwalawa atha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya AVA.
Katemera zigawo zikuluzikulu
Pamodzi ndi mapuloteni omwe amagwira ntchito ngati katemera wa anthrax, zotetezera ndi zinthu zina zimapanga katemerayu. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- aluminium hydroxide, chinthu chodziwika bwino mu maantacid
- sodium chloride (mchere)
- benzethonium mankhwala enaake
- formaldehyde
Katemera wa anthrax m'nkhani
Mwina mudamvapo za katemera wa anthrax munkhani m'zaka zapitazi. Izi ndichifukwa cha nkhawa zomwe gulu lankhondo lapeza chifukwa cha katemera wa anthrax. Ndiye nkhani ndi yotani?
Dipatimenti ya Zachitetezo idakhazikitsa lamulo lokakamira katemera wa anthrax mu 1998. Cholinga cha pulogalamuyi chinali kuteteza asitikali kuti asatengeke ndi mabakiteriya anthrax omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chamoyo.
Zovuta zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'magulu azankhondo pazokhudzana ndi zomwe zingachitike kuumoyo wa katemera wa anthrax, makamaka kwa omenyera nkhondo ku Gulf War. Pakadali pano, ofufuza apeza kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa katemera wa anthrax ndi matenda okhalitsa.
Mu 2006, pulogalamu ya katemera idasinthidwa kuti katemera wa anthrax uzifunira magulu ambiri ankhondo. Komabe, ndizovomerezeka kwa ogwira ntchito ena. Maguluwa akuphatikiza omwe akuchita nawo mishoni yapadera kapena amakhala m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Mfundo yofunika
Katemera wa anthrax amateteza ku anthrax, matenda omwe akhoza kupha chifukwa cha bakiteriya. Pali katemera mmodzi yekha wa anthrax ku United States. Amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni ochokera kuchikhalidwe cha bakiteriya.
Magulu apadera okha ndi omwe angalandire katemera wa anthrax, kuphatikiza magulu ngati asayansi ena a labotale, azachipatala, ndi asitikali. Ikhoza kuperekedwanso kwa munthu yemwe alibe katemera ngati atapezeka ndi anthrax.
Zotsatira zoyipa zambiri za katemera wa anthrax ndizochepa ndipo zimatha patapita masiku ochepa. Komabe, nthawi zina, zovuta zina zimachitika. Ngati mukukulimbikitsani kuti mulandire katemera wa anthrax, onetsetsani kuti mwakambirana ndi dokotala zomwe zingachitike musanazilandire.