Kodi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ati?

Zamkati

• Momwe amagwirira ntchito
• Mitundu ya mankhwala antifungal
• Azoles
• Polyenes
• Allylamines
• Echinocandins
• Zosiyanasiyana
• Matenda a fungal
• Zizindikiro za matenda a mafangasi
• Zizindikiro za matenda owopsa a mafangasi
• Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala
• Mfundo yofunika

Bowa amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mafangayi ambiri samayambitsa matenda mwa anthu. Komabe, mitundu ina imatha kupatsira anthu ndikupangitsa matenda.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana. Ngakhale matenda opatsirana ndi mafangasi amakhudza madera monga khungu ndi misomali, ena amatha kuyambitsa mavuto owopsa komanso owopsa monga matenda a meningitis kapena chibayo.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala antifungal omwe amapezeka kuti athane ndi mafangasi.

Momwe amagwirira ntchito

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kugwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri: pakupha mwachindunji mafangasi am'mimba kapena kupewa ma fungus kuti akule ndikukula. Koma amachita bwanji izi?

Mankhwala oletsa antifungal amawunikira kapangidwe kake kapena ntchito zomwe zimafunikira m'maselo abowa koma osati m'maselo amunthu, kuti athe kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal osawononga maselo amthupi lanu.

Zida ziwiri zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi khungu la fungal cell ndi khoma la fungal cell. Zonsezi zimazungulira komanso kuteteza khungu la fungal. Mmodzi akawonongeka, khungu la fungal limatha kutseguka ndikufa.

Mitundu ya mankhwala antifungal

Mankhwala oletsa antifungal ndiosiyanasiyana. Amatha kupatsidwa pakamwa, ngati mankhwala apakhungu, kapena kudzera pa IV. Momwe mankhwala antifungal amaperekedwera zimadalira zinthu monga mankhwala enieni, mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo, komanso kuopsa kwa matenda anu.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amadziwika ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Pansipa, tikambirana mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikupereka zitsanzo za mitundu ya matenda omwe amachiza.

Azoles

Azoles ndi ena mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Zimasokoneza ma enzyme omwe amafunikira kuti apange khungu la fungal. Chifukwa cha izi, nembanemba la cell limakhala losakhazikika ndipo limatha kutuluka, pamapeto pake limadzetsa imfa yamaselo.

Pali magulu ang'onoang'ono a azole antifungals: imidazoles ndi triazoles.

Zitsanzo za ma imidazole antifungals ndi momwe amathandizira ndi awa:

• Ketoconazole: matenda akhungu ndi tsitsi, Kandida matenda a khungu ndi mucous nembanemba, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
• Clotrimazole: Khungu ndi matenda am'matumbo
• Miconazole: Khungu ndi matenda am'matumbo

Zitsanzo zina zama triazoles ndi momwe amathandizira ndi awa:

• Fluconazole:Kandida matenda, kuphatikizapo mucosal, systemic, ndi matenda opatsirana; cryptococcosis
• Zamgululi aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, mucosal Kandida matenda, coccidioidomycosis (off-label), ndi onychomycosis
• Posaconazole: aspergillosis (off-label for chithandizo), mucosal komanso yowopsa Kandida matenda
• Voriconazole: aspergillosis, mucosal kapena invasive Kandida matenda, matenda opatsirana Fusarium zamoyo
• Isvuconazole: aspergillosis ndi mucormycosis

Polyenes

Ma polyenes amapha ma cell a fungal popangitsa khoma la fungal kukhala lolowa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fungal cell kuti iphulike.

Zitsanzo zina za ma polyene antifungals ndi awa:

• Amphotericin B: mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka kuti ichiritse aspergillosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis (off-label), mucosal kapena invasive Kandida matenda, ndi coccidioidomycosis
• Nystatin:Kandida matenda akhungu ndi mkamwa

Allylamines

Monga ma antifungals a azole, ma allylamines amasokoneza ma enzyme omwe amakhudzidwa ndikupanga khungu la fungal. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha allylamine ndi terbinafine, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'thupi pakhungu.

Echinocandins

Echinocandins ndi mtundu watsopano wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amaletsa enzyme yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikupanga khoma la fungal cell.

Zitsanzo zina za echinocandins ndi izi:

• Anidulafungin: mucosal ndi olanda Kandida matenda
• Caspofungin: mucosal ndi olanda Kandida matenda, aspergillosis
• Micafungin: mucosal ndi olanda Kandida matenda

Zosiyanasiyana

Palinso mitundu ina ya mankhwala antifungal. Izi zili ndi njira zosiyana ndi mitundu yomwe tafotokozayi.

Flucytosine ndi mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kuti mafangasi apangire ma nucleic acid ndi mapuloteni. Chifukwa cha ichi, khungu silimatha kukula ndikukula. Flucytosine itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda amachitidwe Kandida kapena Cryptococcus zamoyo.

Griseofulvin imagwira ntchito kuteteza khungu la fungal kuti lisagawane kuti lipange maselo ambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda akhungu, tsitsi, ndi misomali.

Matenda a fungal

Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mafangasi. Mutha kutenga matenda a mafangasi mukakumana ndi bowa kapena mabowa omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe.

Matenda ena ofala kwambiri ndimafupa, khungu, ndi mamina. Zitsanzo ndi izi:

• 

  Zizindikiro za matenda a mafangasi

  Zizindikiro za mitundu yodziwika bwino yamatendawa imatha kukhala:

  • Mphutsi ya thupi: chotupa, chomwe chingakhale chophulika chooneka ngati mphete pamimba, mikono, kapena miyendo yanu
  • Mphutsi ya pamutu: zigamba zapakhosi, pustules, kapena zikwangwani pamutu panu zomwe zimayabwa komanso zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimayambitsa tsitsi
  • Phazi la othamanga: khungu lakuthwa pansi pa mapazi anu
  • Jock kuyabwa: zotupa zofiira, zofiira zomwe zimapezeka m'dera lanu lakubaya ndi ntchafu zanu zamkati
  • Nail bowa: misomali yomwe imasintha, kuphulika, ndi kupunduka
  • Matenda a yisiti ukazi: kuyabwa, kufiira, ndi kutupa m'dera lamaliseche - kutulutsa koyera koyera kumaliseche komanso kutentha pamene mukukodza kungathenso kupezeka
  • Kutulutsa pakamwa: Kukula kwa zilonda zoyera mkamwa mwako zomwe zitha kukhala zofiira komanso zopweteka

  Zizindikiro za matenda owopsa a mafangasi

  Zizindikiro za matenda owopsa a mafangasi zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wanji wa bowa womwe umayambitsa matendawa komanso dera lomwe thupi lanu limakhudzidwa.

  Zitha kuphatikizira zinthu monga:

  • malungo
  • thukuta usiku
  • Zizindikiro zonga chimfine, monga kupweteka mutu, kutopa, kupweteka kwa thupi ndi zowawa
  • Zizindikiro za kupuma monga chifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira
  • Zizindikiro za meninjaitisi, monga kupweteka mutu, khosi lolimba, komanso kuzindikira pang'ono

  Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala

  Pangani msonkhano ndi dokotala wanu ngati:

  • mankhwala owonjezera owerengera (OTC) sanagwire ntchito kuti athetse zizindikiro za matenda monga zipere, bowa wa msomali, kapena matenda a yisiti kumaliseche
  • Zilonda zoyera zosafotokozedwa zimayamba pakamwa panu
  • muli ndi malungo, zizindikiro ngati chimfine, kapena kuthamanga kwakukulira ndipo / kapena mukukayikira matenda a fungal

  Pali zizindikiro zina zomwe muyenera nthawi zonse kupita kuchipatala mwachangu

  Izi zikuphatikiza:

  • kupweteka pachifuwa
  • kuvuta kupuma
  • kutsokomola magazi
  • Zizindikiro za meninjaitisi, monga kupweteka kwa mutu, khosi lolimba, komanso kuzindikira pang'ono
  • kuchepa thupi kosaneneka, malungo, kapena kuzizira

  Mfundo yofunika

  Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana. Amayang'ana njira ndi mawonekedwe apadera a bowa kuti athe kupha ma fungus kapena kuwalepheretsa kukula.

  Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo amatha kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe amaperekedwera amatha kudalira mankhwalawo komanso mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa.

  Ngakhale mitundu yambiri yamafangasi imachiritsidwa mosavuta, ina imatha kukhala yoopsa. Onani dokotala wanu ngati matenda a fungal samachoka ndi chithandizo cha OTC kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda owopsa a mafangasi.