Matenda a m'mimba

Zamkati

• Kodi atherosclerosis ndi chiyani?
• Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a atherosclerosis ndi chiyani?
• Cholesterol wokwera
• Zakudya
• Malangizo ena pazakudya:
• Kukalamba
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha atherosclerosis?
• Mbiri ya banja
• Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kusuta
• Matenda a shuga
• Kodi zizindikiro za atherosclerosis ndi ziti?
• Kodi matenda a atherosclerosis amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi matenda a atherosclerosis amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Mankhwala
• Opaleshoni
• Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani nthawi yayitali?
• Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zimakhudzana ndi atherosclerosis?
• Matenda a Coronary (CAD)
• Matenda a mitsempha ya Carotid
• Matenda a mtsempha wamagazi
• Matenda a impso
• Ndi kusintha kotani kwa moyo komwe kumathandizira kuchiza komanso kupewa atherosclerosis?

Kodi atherosclerosis ndi chiyani?

Matenda a atherosclerosis ndi kuchepa kwa mitsempha yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi chipika chambiri. Mitsempha ndiyo mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imanyamula mpweya ndi zakudya kuchokera mumtima mwanu kupita ku thupi lanu lonse.

Mukamakula, mafuta, cholesterol, ndi calcium zimatha kusonkhanitsa mumitsempha yanu ndikupanga chikwangwani. Chikwangwani chambiri chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti magazi azidutsa mumitsempha yanu. Izi zimatha kuchitika mumitsempha iliyonse mthupi lanu, kuphatikiza mtima, miyendo, ndi impso.

Zitha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi ndi mpweya m'matumba osiyanasiyana mthupi lanu. Zidutswa za chipika zimatha kuthanso, ndikupangitsa magazi kuundana. Ngati sachiritsidwa, atherosclerosis imatha kubweretsa matenda amtima, kupwetekedwa mtima, kapena mtima kulephera.

Matenda a atherosclerosis ndimavuto ofala okhudzana ndi ukalamba. Vutoli limatha kupewedwa ndipo pali njira zambiri zopezera chithandizo.

Atherosclerosis ndi mtundu wa arteriosclerosis, womwe umadziwika kuti kuuma kwa mitsempha. Mawu atherosclerosis ndipo arteriosclerosis nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a atherosclerosis ndi chiyani?

Kukhazikika kwa zipilala komanso kuuma kwamitsempha kumalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha, kuteteza ziwalo ndi ziwalo zanu kuti zisatenge magazi omwe ali ndi mpweya womwe amafunikira kuti azigwira ntchito.

Izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mitsempha yolimba:

Cholesterol wokwera

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chonunkhira, chachikaso chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe mthupi komanso zakudya zina zomwe mumadya.

Ngati mafuta m'magazi anu amakhala ochuluka kwambiri, amatha kutseka mitsempha yanu. Imakhala chikwangwani cholimba chomwe chimalepheretsa kapena kulepheretsa kufalikira kwa magazi kumtima wanu ndi ziwalo zina.

Zakudya

Ndikofunika kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi. American Heart Association (AHA) ikukulimbikitsani kuti muzitsatira momwe zakudya zilili ndi thanzi labwino zomwe zimatsindika:

• zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosiyanasiyana
• mbewu zonse
• mkaka wopanda mafuta
• nkhuku ndi nsomba, popanda khungu
• mtedza ndi nyemba
• mafuta osamba otentha, monga maolivi kapena mafuta a mpendadzuwa

Malangizo ena pazakudya:

• Pewani zakudya ndi zakumwa ndi shuga wowonjezera, monga zakumwa zotsekemera ndi shuga, maswiti, ndi maswiti. AHA imalimbikitsa ma supuni osaposa 6 kapena ma calories 100 a shuga tsiku lililonse kwa azimayi ambiri, osatinso masupuni 9 kapena zopatsa mphamvu 150 patsiku kwa amuna ambiri.
• Pewani zakudya zokhala ndi mchere wambiri. Onetsetsani kuti musakhale ndi mamiligalamu opitilira 2,300 (mg) a sodium patsiku. Momwemo, simukadapitilira 1,500 mg patsiku.
• Pewani zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta osapatsa thanzi, monga mafuta amtundu wina. Sinthanitsani ndi mafuta osakwaniritsidwa, omwe ali abwino kwa inu. Ngati mukufuna kutsitsa mafuta m'magazi anu ochepetsa magazi, muchepetse mafuta odzaza mafuta osapitirira 5 mpaka 6% ya mafuta onse. Kwa wina amene amadya mafuta opatsa mphamvu 2,000 tsiku lililonse, ndiwo pafupifupi magalamu 13 a mafuta okhuta.

Kukalamba

Mukamakula, mtima wanu ndi mitsempha yamagazi imagwira ntchito molimbika kupopera ndikulandila magazi. Mitsempha yanu imatha kuchepa ndikuchepera, kuwapangitsa kuti atengeke kwambiri ndi zikwangwani.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha atherosclerosis?

Zinthu zambiri zimayika pachiwopsezo cha atherosclerosis. Zina mwaziwopsezo zimatha kusinthidwa, pomwe zina sizingatero.

Mbiri ya banja

Ngati atherosclerosis imayenda m banja lanu, mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chouma mitsempha. Vutoli, komanso mavuto ena okhudzana ndi mtima, atha kukhala obadwa nawo.

Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumathandiza mtima wanu. Zimapangitsa kuti mtima wanu ukhale wolimba komanso zimalimbikitsa mpweya wabwino komanso magazi mthupi lanu lonse.

Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu kuchipatala, kuphatikizapo matenda amtima.

Kuthamanga kwa magazi

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kuwononga mitsempha yanu powapangitsa kukhala ofooka m'malo ena. Cholesterol ndi zinthu zina m'magazi anu zimatha kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa mitsempha yanu pakapita nthawi.

Kusuta

Kusuta fodya kumatha kuwononga mitsempha yanu yamagazi komanso mtima.

Matenda a shuga

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la matenda amitsempha (CAD).

Kodi zizindikiro za atherosclerosis ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zambiri za atherosclerosis sizimawoneka mpaka kutseka kumachitika. Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

• kupweteka pachifuwa kapena angina
• kupweteka kwa mwendo, mkono, ndi kulikonse komwe kuli mtsempha wotsekedwa
• kupuma movutikira
• kutopa
• chisokonezo, chomwe chimachitika ngati kutsekeka kumakhudza kufalikira kwa ubongo wanu
• kufooka kwa minofu m'miyendo yanu chifukwa chosazungulira

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa zizindikilo za matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko. Zonsezi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi atherosclerosis ndipo zimafunikira kuchipatala mwachangu.

Zizindikiro za matenda a mtima ndi monga:

• kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusapeza bwino
• kupweteka m'mapewa, kumbuyo, khosi, mikono, ndi nsagwada
• kupweteka m'mimba
• kupuma movutikira
• thukuta
• mutu wopepuka
• nseru kapena kusanza
• malingaliro a chiwonongeko chomwe chikuyandikira

Zizindikiro za sitiroko ndi monga:

• kufooka kapena dzanzi pankhope kapena miyendo
• kuyankhula molakwika
• kuvuta kumvetsetsa mawu
• mavuto a masomphenya
• kutaya bwino
• mwadzidzidzi, mutu wopweteka kwambiri

Matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko ndizochitika zachipatala mwadzidzidzi.Imbani 911 kapena malo azadzidzidzi am'deralo ndipo pitani kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi mukakumana ndi zizindikilo za matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.

Kodi matenda a atherosclerosis amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za atherosclerosis. Afufuza:

• kugunda kofooka
• aneurysm, kupindika modzidzimutsa kapena kukulira kwa mtsempha wamagazi chifukwa chofooka kwa khoma lamitsempha
• kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa mabala, komwe kumawonetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi

Katswiri wamatenda amatha kumvetsera pamtima panu kuti awone ngati muli ndi mawu osazolowereka. Adzakhala akumvetsera phokoso laphokoso, lomwe likuwonetsa kuti mtsempha watsekedwa. Dokotala wanu adzaitanitsa mayesero ena ngati akuganiza kuti mungakhale ndi atherosclerosis.

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwama cholesterol anu
• Doppler ultrasound, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde akumveka kuti apange chithunzi cha mtsempha womwe umawonetsa ngati pali chotchinga
• index ya ankle-brachial index (ABI), yomwe imayang'ana kutseka kwa mikono kapena miyendo yanu poyerekeza kuthamanga kwa magazi pamiyendo iliyonse
• maginito oyang'ana maginito (MRA) kapena kompyuta tomography angiography (CTA) kuti apange zithunzi za mitsempha yayikulu mthupi lanu
• angiogram yamtima, womwe ndi mtundu wa X-ray pachifuwa womwe umatengedwa mitsempha yanu itabayidwa ndi utoto wa radioactive
• electrocardiogram (ECG kapena EKG), yomwe imayesa zochitika zamagetsi mumtima mwanu kuti mufufuze malo aliwonse ochepetsa magazi
• kuyesa kupsinjika, kapena kuyesa kulolerana, komwe kumayang'anira kuthamanga kwa mtima wanu ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena njinga yokhazikika

Kodi matenda a atherosclerosis amathandizidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kusintha moyo wanu wapano kuti muchepetse mafuta ndi mafuta omwe mumadya. Mungafunike kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi lamtima komanso mitsempha yamagazi.

Pokhapokha ngati atherosclerosis yanu ili yayikulu, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kusintha kwa moyo wanu monga njira yoyamba yothandizira. Mwinanso mungafunike mankhwala ena owonjezera, monga mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala angathandize kupewa matenda a atherosclerosis kuti asawonongeke.

Mankhwala ochiritsira matenda a atherosclerosis ndi awa:

• mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi, kuphatikiza ma statins ndi ma fibrate
• ma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, omwe angathandize kupewa kuchepa kwa mitsempha yanu
• beta-blockers kapena calcium channel blockers kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi
• okodzetsa, kapena mapiritsi amadzi, okuthandizani kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi
• maanticoagulants ndi ma antiplatelet mankhwala monga aspirin oletsa magazi kuti asamange ndi kutseka mitsempha yanu

Aspirin ndi othandiza makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya atherosclerotic matenda amtima (mwachitsanzo, matenda amtima ndi stroke). Mankhwala a aspirin amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi chochitika china chathanzi.

Ngati palibe mbiri yakale ya atherosclerotic matenda amtima, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito aspirin ngati mankhwala otetezera ngati mwayi wanu wotuluka magazi ndiwotsika komanso chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima a mitsempha ndiochulukirapo.

Opaleshoni

Ngati zizindikiro ndizolimba kwambiri kapena ngati minofu kapena khungu la khungu lili pangozi, kuchitidwa opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira.

Opaleshoni yomwe ingachitike pochiza matenda a atherosclerosis ndi awa:

• kudutsa opaleshoni, yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chotengera kuchokera kwinakwake mthupi lanu kapena chubu yopangira kuti musinthe magazi mozungulira mtsempha wanu wotsekedwa kapena wopapatiza
• thrombolytic therapy, yomwe imakhudza kusungunuka kwa magazi pobayira mankhwala mumtsempha wanu womwe wakhudzidwa
• angioplasty, yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito catheter ndi buluni kuti mukulitse mitsempha yanu, nthawi zina kuyika stent kuti asiye mtsempha
• endarterectomy, yomwe imakhudza ndikuchotsa mafuta m'mitsempha yanu
• atherectomy, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa zolembera m'mitsempha yanu pogwiritsa ntchito katheta kokhala ndi tsamba lakuthwa kumapeto kwake

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani nthawi yayitali?

Mukalandira chithandizo, mutha kuwona kuti thanzi lanu likukula, koma izi zimatenga nthawi. Kupambana kwa chithandizo chanu kudzadalira:

• kuopsa kwa matenda anu
• momwe adachitidwira mwachangu
• kaya ziwalo zina zidakhudzidwa

Kuuma kwa mitsempha sikungasinthidwe. Komabe, kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kusintha kwa zakudya kungathandize kuchepetsa njirayi kapena kuilepheretsa.

Muyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi adotolo kuti musinthe momwe mumakhalira. Muyeneranso kumwa mankhwala oyenera kuti muchepetse vuto lanu ndikupewa zovuta.

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zimakhudzana ndi atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis itha kuyambitsa:

• kulephera kwa mtima
• matenda amtima
• nyimbo yachilendo
• sitiroko
• imfa

Amagwirizananso ndi matenda otsatirawa:

Matenda a Coronary (CAD)

Mitsempha yamitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapatsa minofu ya mtima wanu mpweya ndi magazi. Mitsempha ya Coronary (CAD) imachitika pamene mitsempha ya mitsempha imakhala yolimba.

Matenda a mitsempha ya Carotid

Mitsempha ya carotid imapezeka m'khosi mwanu ndikupereka magazi kuubongo wanu.

Mitsempha imeneyi imatha kusokonekera ngati chikwangwani chakhazikika m'makoma awo. Kuperewera kwa kufalikira kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi mpweya womwe umafikira minofu ndi maselo aubongo wanu. Dziwani zambiri za matenda a mtsempha wa carotid.

Matenda a mtsempha wamagazi

Miyendo yanu, mikono yanu, ndi thupi lanu lotsika zimadalira mitsempha yanu kuti magazi ndi mpweya wabwino zitheke. Mitsempha yolimba imatha kuyambitsa mavuto azigawo m'malo amenewa.

Matenda a impso

Mitsempha ya impso imapereka magazi ku impso zanu. Impso zimasefa zonyansa ndi madzi owonjezera m'magazi anu.

Matenda a atherosclerosis amatha kubweretsa impso.

Ndi kusintha kotani kwa moyo komwe kumathandizira kuchiza komanso kupewa atherosclerosis?

Kusintha kwa moyo kumatha kuthandiza kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a atherosclerosis, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Zosintha pamoyo wothandiza ndi monga:

• kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso cholesterol
• kupewa zakudya zamafuta
• kuwonjezera nsomba pazakudya zanu kawiri pa sabata
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera 75 mphindi kapena mphindi 150 zolimbitsa thupi sabata iliyonse
• kusiya kusuta ngati mukusuta
• kuonda ngati wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri
• kuthana ndi kupsinjika
• kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi atherosclerosis, monga matenda oopsa, cholesterol, komanso matenda ashuga