Kuyesedwa kwa Autism

Zamkati

• Ndani ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopezeka ndi autism?
• Kodi zizindikiro za autism ndi ziti?
• Kodi autism imapezeka bwanji?
• Kuwunika kwakukula
• Kuwunika kwathunthu kwamakhalidwe
• Kuyesedwa kwachibadwa
• Tengera kwina

Zithunzi za Getty

Autism, kapena autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ndimatenda am'mimba omwe angayambitse kusiyana pakati pa anzawo, kulumikizana, komanso machitidwe. Matendawa amatha kuwoneka mosiyana, popeza palibe anthu awiri autistic omwe ali ofanana, ndipo atha kukhala ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zothandizira.

Matenda a Autism (ASD) ndi ambulera yomwe imakhudza zinthu zitatu zomwe sizimadziwika kuti ndizovomerezeka mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5):

• matenda a autistic
• Matenda omwe akukula kwambiri, osanenedwa mwanjira ina (PDD-NOS)
• Matenda a Asperger

Mu DSM-5, matenda onsewa adatchulidwa pansi pa ambulera ya ASD. Mulingo wa ASD 1, 2, ndi 3 akuwonetsa mulingo wothandizidwa ndi munthu amene ali ndi autistic angafunike.

Ndani ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopezeka ndi autism?

Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), za ana ku United States anali ndi ASD mu 2016. Autism spectrum disorder imapezeka m'magulu amitundu, mafuko, komanso magulu azachuma.

Zinkaganiziridwa kuti ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa anyamata kuposa atsikana. Koma kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti popeza atsikana omwe ali ndi ASD nthawi zambiri amabwera mosiyana poyerekeza ndi anyamata, amatha kuzindikiridwa.

Atsikana amakonda kubisala zizindikiro zawo chifukwa cha zomwe zimadziwika kuti "kubisala." Chifukwa chake, ASD imatha kukhala yofala kwambiri mwa atsikana kuposa momwe zimaganiziridwapo kale.

Palibe mankhwala odziwika a ASD, ndipo madotolo sanapeze kwenikweni chomwe chimayambitsa, ngakhale tikudziwa majini amatenga gawo. Anthu ambiri m'dera la autistic sakhulupirira kuti mankhwala amafunikira.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa mwana kukhala ndi ASD, kuphatikizapo zachilengedwe, zamoyo, ndi majini.

Kodi zizindikiro za autism ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za autism zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ana ena omwe ali ndi ASD amangokhala ndi zizindikilo zochepa, ndipo ena amakhala ndi zovuta pamakhalidwe.

Ana aang'ono amakonda kucheza ndi anthu komanso malo omwe akukhalamo. Nthawi zambiri makolo ndiwo amakhala oyamba kuzindikira kuti mwana wawo akuchita zosayenera.

Mwana aliyense pa Autism spectrum amakumana ndi zovuta m'malo awa:

• kulankhulana (mawu ndi osalankhula)
• kuyanjana
• ziletso kapena zobwerezabwereza zikhalidwe

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za ASD zitha kukhala izi:

• kukulitsa maluso akuchedwa mochedwa (monga kusabwebweta pofika chaka chimodzi kapena kusalankhula mawu othandiza pofika zaka ziwiri)
• osaloza kuzinthu kapena anthu kapena kuwatsazika
• osatsata anthu ndi maso awo
• kuwonetsa kusayankha pamene dzina lawo limatchedwa
• osatsanzira nkhope
• osayesetsa kuti atole
• kuthamangira mkati kapena pafupi ndi makoma
• kufuna kukhala ndekha kapena kusewera payekha
• osasewera masewera abodza kapena kunamizira kusewera (mwachitsanzo, kudyetsa chidole)
• kukhala ndi chidwi chazonse pazinthu kapena mitu ina
• kubwereza mawu kapena zochita
• kudzipweteka okha
• kukwiya
• kuwonetsa chidwi chachikulu momwe zinthu zimanunkhira kapena kulawa

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuwonetsa chimodzi kapena zingapo mwamakhalidwewa sizitanthauza kuti mwanayo (adzakwaniritsa zofunikira) adzayesedwa matenda a ASD.

Izi zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zina kapena kungotengedwa ngati mikhalidwe.

Kodi autism imapezeka bwanji?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda a ASD adakali aang'ono. Komabe, chifukwa zizindikilo ndi kuuma kwake zimasiyana kwambiri, vuto la autism spectrum nthawi zina limakhala lovuta kuzindikira.

Anthu ena sapezeka mpaka atakula.

Pakadali pano, palibe mayesero amodzi ovomerezeka a matenda a autism. Kholo kapena dokotala atha kuzindikira zisonyezo zoyambirira za ASD mwa mwana wamng'ono, ngakhale kuti matendawa amafunika kutsimikiziridwa.

Ngati zizindikiro zikutsimikizira izi, gulu la akatswiri ndi akatswiri nthawi zambiri limafufuza za ASD. Izi zitha kuphatikizira wama psychologist kapena neuropsychologist, dokotala wopita patsogolo, katswiri wa zamaubongo, ndi / kapena wazamisala.

Kuwunika kwakukula

Kuyambira pakubadwa, adotolo amayang'ana mwana wanu kuti azikula bwino nthawi zonse komanso pafupipafupi.

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) imalimbikitsa kuyesedwa koyenera kwa autism pazaka 18 ndi 24 zakubadwa kuphatikiza pakuwunika kwachitukuko.

Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi kukula kwa mwana wanu, adokotala angakutumizireni kwa katswiri, makamaka ngati m'bale kapena wachibale ali ndi ASD.

Katswiriyu ayesa mayeso monga kuyesa kumva kuti awone ngati ali ndi vuto la kugontha / kumva kuti adziwe ngati pali chifukwa chakuthupi cha zomwe zimawonedwa.

Adzagwiritsanso ntchito zida zina zowunikira za autism, monga Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).

Mndandandawu ndi chida chowunikira chomwe makolo amalemba. Zimathandiza kudziwa mwayi wa mwana wokhala ndi autism wotsika, wapakatikati, kapena wapamwamba. Mayesowa ndi aulere ndipo ali ndi mafunso 20.

Ngati mayeso awonetsa kuti mwana wanu ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi ASD, alandila mayeso owunikira kwambiri.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi mwayi wapakatikati, mafunso otsatirawa angafunike kuti muthandizire bwino zotsatirazi.

Kuwunika kwathunthu kwamakhalidwe

Gawo lotsatira pakuzindikira kwa autism ndikuwunika kwathunthu kwakuthupi ndi kwamitsempha. Izi zitha kuphatikizira gulu la akatswiri. Akatswiri angaphatikizepo:

• madokotala otukuka
• akatswiri a zamaganizidwe a ana
• madokotala a ubongo wa ana
• olankhula komanso olankhula zilankhulo
• othandizira pantchito

Kuwunikaku kungaphatikizenso zida zowunikira. Pali zida zambiri zowunikira pakukula. Palibe chida chimodzi chodziwira autism. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza zida zambiri ndikofunikira pakuzindikira autism.

Zitsanzo zina za zida zowunikira ndi izi:

• Mafunso a Mibadwo ndi Magawo (ASQ)
• Mafunso Pazidziwitso za Autism - Revised (ADI-R)
• Dongosolo Loyang'anira Kuzindikira Kwa Autism (ADOS)
• Masewero a Autism Spectrum Rating (ASRS)
• Kukula kwa Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
• Kuyesa Kwakukula Kukula Kwamavuto Akukula - Gawo 3
• Kuunika kwa Makolo Kukula Kwawo (PEDS)
• Mulingo Wowunika wa Gilliam Autism
• Chida Chowunika cha Autism mwaana ndi Ana Aang'ono (STAT)
• Mafunso a Social Communication (SCQ)

Malinga ndi a, mtundu watsopano wa American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5) umaperekanso njira zovomerezeka zothandizirana kupeza ASD.

Kuyesedwa kwachibadwa

Ngakhale kuti autism imadziwika kuti ndi chibadwa, mayeso amtundu sangathe kuzindikira kapena kuzindikira autism. Pali mitundu yambiri ya majini komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zingapangitse ASD.

Ma laboratories ena amatha kuyesa zina mwazomwe zimakhulupirira kuti ndi zizindikiritso za ASD. Amayang'ana omwe amadziwika bwino omwe amapereka, ngakhale ndi anthu ochepa omwe angapeze mayankho othandiza.

Zotsatira zoyipa pamayeso amtunduwu amatanthauza kuti ma genetics mwina adathandizira kupezeka kwa ASD.

Zotsatira zake zimangotanthauza kuti wopatsa chibadwa wina wachotsedwa pamtunduwu ndikuti chifukwa chake sichikudziwika.

Tengera kwina

ASD ndichofala ndipo sikuyenera kukhala chifukwa chochititsa mantha. Anthu odziyimira payokha amatha kuchita bwino ndikupeza madera othandizira ndi zokumana nazo.

Kupima ASD koyambirira komanso molondola ndikofunikira kulola munthu wodziyimira payekha kuti azimvetsetsa komanso zosowa zawo, komanso kuti ena (makolo, aphunzitsi, ndi ena) amvetsetse zamakhalidwe awo ndi momwe angawachitire.

Matenda a m'mimba a mwana, kapena kutha kusintha malinga ndi zokumana nazo zatsopano, ndizofunikira kwambiri koyambirira. Kulowererapo msanga kumachepetsa zovuta zomwe mwana wanu angakumane nazo. Imawapatsanso mwayi wabwino wodziyimira pawokha.

Ngati zingafunike, kusintha kwamankhwala kuti mukwaniritse zosowa za mwana wanu kumatha kuchita bwino kuwathandiza kuti azikhala moyo wabwino kwambiri. Gulu la akatswiri, aphunzitsi, othandizira, madokotala, ndi makolo ayenera kupanga pulogalamu ya mwana aliyense payekha.

Mwambiri, mwana akamapezeka msanga, amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali.