Bradycardia: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Bradycardia ikakhala yovuta
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Bradycardia ndi mawu azachipatala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mtima ukamachepetsa kugunda kwa mtima, kumenya kochepera 60 pamphindi popuma.

Nthawi zambiri, bradycardia ilibe zisonyezo, komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mtima, kutopa, kufooka kapena chizungulire zitha kuwoneka. Izi zikachitika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kwa katswiri wa zamagetsi kuti akayezetse, zina mwazifukwa zomwe zingayambitsidwe komanso chithandizo choyenera kwambiri choyambitsidwa, chomwe chingaphatikizepo kuyika pacemaker.

Bradycardia imakonda kwambiri othamanga ampikisano wothamanga, chifukwa mitima yawo idazolowera kale kulimbikira komwe kumachitika pafupipafupi, komwe kumatsitsa kugunda kwa mtima nthawi yopuma. Okalamba, pakhoza kukhalanso ndi kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima chifukwa chakukalamba kwachilengedwe kwa mtima, osawonetsa kupezeka kwamavuto.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Kutsika kwa kugunda kwa mtima kumatha kuonedwa ngati kwabwinobwino kumachitika mukamagona kapena mwa anthu omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, monga othamanga othamanga njinga. Zimakhalanso zachizoloŵezi kuchitika pambuyo pa chakudya chachikulu kapena panthawi yopereka magazi, kusowa patatha maola angapo.

Komabe, bradycardia imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda amtima kapena amthupi omwe amafunika kudziwika ndi kuthandizidwa:

• Matenda a sinus, yomwe imadziwika ndi kulephera kwa mtima kukhalabe ndi mtima wokwanira;
• Matenda amtima, zomwe zimachitika magazi akasokonezedwa ndipo mtima sulandila magazi ndi mpweya wofunikira kuti ugwire ntchito yake;
• Matenda osokoneza bongo, kutentha kwa thupi kumakhala pansi pa 35ºC ndipo magwiridwe antchito amthupi amayamba pang'onopang'ono, monga kugunda kwa mtima, kuteteza kutentha;
• Matenda osokoneza bongo, wodziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, omwe angakhudze dongosolo la mtima ndikuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima;
• Matenda osokoneza bongo, komwe kumachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndipo kumatha kutsitsa kugunda kwa mtima;
• Kuchepetsa potaziyamu kapena calcium m'magazi, imatha kukhudza kugunda kwa mtima, kutsitsa;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a matenda oopsa kapena arrhythmia, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi bradycardia ngati zoyipa;
• Kukhudzana ndi zinthu zapoizoni, monga chikonga, mwachitsanzo;
• Meningitis, yomwe imakhala ndi kutupa kwa nembanemba kozungulira ubongo ndi msana ndipo kumatha kubweretsa bradycardia;
• Chotupa chapakati mantha dongosolo, Angayambitse bradycardia chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa komwe kumachitika mkati mwa chigaza;
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi, zitha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kumayambitsa msinkhu waubongo;
• Kugonana, yomwe imafanana ndi kupumula kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kupuma pang'ono mutagona, komwe kumatha kusokoneza magazi.

Nthawi zambiri izi zimayendera limodzi ndi zizindikilo zina kupatula bradycardia, monga kupweteka kwa mtima, pakadwala matenda a mtima, kuzizira, matenda a hypothermia, chizungulire kapena kusawona bwino, matenda a hypoglycaemia, malungo kapena kuuma kwa khosi, pakakhala meninjaitisi.

Nthawi zambiri, bradycardia imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus kapena mabakiteriya, monga diphtheria, rheumatic fever ndi myocarditis, komwe ndikutupa kwa minofu yamtima yoyambitsidwa ndi ma virus kapena mabakiteriya. Onani zizindikiro zazikulu ndi momwe mungachiritsire myocarditis.

Bradycardia ikakhala yovuta

Bradycardia imatha kukhala yayikulu ikamayambitsa zizindikilo zina monga:

• Kutopa kosavuta;
• Zofooka;
• Chizungulire;
• Kupuma pang'ono;
• Khungu lozizira;
• Kukomoka;
• Kupweteka pachifuwa mwa mawonekedwe kapena kuwotcha;
• Anzanu kuchepa;
• Malaise.

Pakakhala zizindikiritso izi ndikofunikira kupita kwa katswiri wa zamaphunziro a mtima kuti akapimidwe zambiri ndikuyesa zomwe zitha kuzindikira vutoli.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha bradycardia chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi katswiri wamatenda ndipo chimasiyana malinga ndi chifukwa, zizindikiro komanso kuuma kwake. Ngati bradycardia imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chifukwa china, monga hypothyroidism, kusintha mankhwala kapena chithandizo choyenera cha hypothyroidism, itha kuthetsa bradycardia.

Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, pangafunike kugwiritsa ntchito pacemaker, chomwe ndi chida chomwe chimayikidwa opaleshoni ndipo chimayesetsa kuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima ngati bradycardia, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani zambiri za pacemaker yamtima.