Mlembi: William Ramirez
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 19 Sepitembala 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 15 Novembala 2024
Anonim
nyoni
Kanema: nyoni

Kukula kwa ana nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

  • Kuzindikira
  • Chilankhulo
  • Thupi, monga luso lamagalimoto (kugwira supuni, kumvetsetsa bwino) ndi luso lalikulu lamagalimoto (kuwongolera mutu, kukhala, ndi kuyenda)
  • Zachikhalidwe

KUKULA KWA THUPI

Kukula kwa thupi la khanda kumayambira pamutu, kenako kumasunthira mbali zina za thupi. Mwachitsanzo, kuyamwa kumabwera musanakhale, komwe kumabwera musanayende.

Abadwa kumene mpaka miyezi iwiri:

  • Amatha kukweza ndi kutembenuza mutu wawo atagona chagada
  • Manja akumenyedwa, manja amasinthidwa
  • Khosi limalephera kuthandizira mutu pamene khanda limakokedwa pansi

Zosintha zoyambirira zimaphatikizapo:

  • Babinski reflex, zala zakuthupi zimawonekera panja pamene phazi limodzi limasisitidwa
  • Moro reflex (startle reflex), amatambasula manja kenako amaweramitsa ndikuwakokera kulumikizana ndi thupi ndikulira kwakanthawi; Nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa chaphokoso kapena kusuntha kwadzidzidzi
  • Kugwira dzanja kwa Palmar, khanda limatseka dzanja ndi "kugwira" chala chanu
  • Kukhazikitsa, mwendo umafutukuka pokhapokha phazi limodzi likakhudzidwa
  • Plantar grasp, khanda limasinthasintha zala zakumaso ndi kutsogolo
  • Kuyika mizu ndi kuyamwa, kutembenuza mutu kufunafuna nsagwada pakakhudza tsaya ndikuyamba kuyamwa pakangogwira milomo yamilomo
  • Kuponda ndikuyenda, kumatenga masitepe ofulumira pamene mapazi onse ayikidwa pamtunda, ndikuthandizidwa ndi thupi
  • Kuyankha kwa khosi kwa Tonic, dzanja lamanzere limafikira mwana wakhanda akamayang'ana kumanzere, pomwe dzanja lamanja ndi mwendo zikulowera mkati, komanso

Miyezi 3 mpaka 4:


  • Kulamulira bwino kwa minofu yamaso kumalola khanda kutsatira zinthu.
  • Iyamba kuwongolera zochita zamanja ndi mapazi, koma mayendedwe awa sanakonzedwe bwino. Khanda limatha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito manja onse, kugwira ntchito limodzi, kukwaniritsa ntchito. Khanda likulephera kugwirizanitsa kumangako, koma amasambira pazinthu kuti ziwayandikire.
  • Maso owonjezeka amalola khanda kuti lizitha kusiyanitsa zinthu ndi kusiyanasiyana pang'ono (monga batani la bulawuzi yofanana).
  • Khanda limadzuka (thunthu lakumwamba, mapewa, ndi mutu) ndi manja atagona chafufumimba (pamimba).
  • Minofu yamakola imapangidwa mokwanira kulola mwana wakhanda kuti azikhala mothandizidwa, ndikukweza mutu.
  • Zosintha zakale mwina zasowa kale, kapena zikuyamba kutha.

Miyezi 5 mpaka 6:

  • Kutha kukhala nokha, osathandizidwa, kwa mphindi zochepa poyamba, kenako mpaka masekondi 30 kapena kupitilira apo.
  • Khanda limayamba kumata timatumba kapena timiyala togwiritsa ntchito ulnar-palmar grasp technique (kukanikiza chipikacho m'manja ndikungofinya kapena kupinda) koma osagwiritsabe ntchito chala.
  • Makanda amayenda kuchokera kumbuyo kupita mmimba. Akakhala pamimba, khanda limatha kukweza mmwamba ndi mikono kuti likweze mapewa ndi mutu ndikuyang'ana pozungulira kapena kufikira zinthu.

Miyezi 6 mpaka 9:


  • Kukwawa kungayambe
  • Khanda limatha kuyenda litagwira dzanja la munthu wamkulu
  • Makanda amatha kukhala mosadukiza, osathandizidwa, kwakanthawi
  • Khanda limaphunzira kukhala pansi
  • Makanda amatha kulowa ndikuimilira pomwe agwirizira mipando

Miyezi 9 mpaka 12:

  • Khanda limayamba kukhazikika likayima lokha
  • Khanda limatenga masitepe akugwira dzanja; mungachite zochepa zokha

KUKHUDZA KWAMBIRI

  • Kumva kumayamba asanabadwe, ndipo amakhala wokhwima pakubadwa. Khanda limakonda mawu amunthu.
  • Kukhudza, kulawa, ndi kununkhiza, kukhwima pakubadwa; amakonda kukoma kokoma.
  • Masomphenya, khanda lobadwa kumene limatha kuwona masentimita 20 mpaka 30. Kuwona kwamitundu kumayamba pakati pa miyezi 4 mpaka 6. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, amatha kutsata zinthu zosunthira mpaka madigiri a 180, ndipo amakonda nkhope.
  • Khutu lamkati (vestibular), khanda limayankha kugwedezeka ndikusintha kwa malo.

KUKULA KWA ZINENERO


Kulira ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yolankhulirana. Pofika tsiku lachitatu la moyo wa mwana, azimayi amatha kudziwa kulira kwa ana awo kuchokera kwa ana ena. Pofika mwezi woyamba wamoyo, makolo ambiri amatha kudziwa ngati kulira kwa mwana wawo kumatanthauza njala, kupweteka, kapena mkwiyo. Kulira kumayambitsanso mkaka wa mayi woyamwitsa (kudzaza bere).

Kuchuluka kwa kulira m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira kumasiyanasiyana mwa khanda labwino, kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 maola patsiku. Makanda omwe amalira kuposa maola atatu patsiku nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa kuti ali ndi colic. Colic mwa makanda nthawi zambiri samakhala chifukwa cha vuto ndi thupi. Nthawi zambiri, imatha ndi miyezi 4 yakubadwa.

Kaya chifukwa chake ndi chiyani, kulira mopitirira muyeso kumafunikira kukayezetsa kuchipatala. Zingayambitse kupsinjika kwa banja komwe kumatha kubweretsa kuzunza ana.

Miyezi 0 mpaka 2:

  • Chenjezo la mawu
  • Gwiritsani ntchito mapokoso osiyanasiyana posonyeza zosowa, monga njala kapena kupweteka

Miyezi 2 mpaka 4:

  • Zojambula

Miyezi 4 mpaka 6:

  • Amapanga mawu ("oo," "ah")

Miyezi 6 mpaka 9:

  • Ziphuphu
  • Amaphulika thovu ("raspberries")
  • Akuseka

Miyezi 9 mpaka 12:

  • Zimatsanzira mawu ena
  • Amati "Amayi" ndi "Dada,", koma osati makamaka kwa makolowo
  • Amayankha kumalamulo osavuta, monga "ayi"

MAKHALIDWE

Khalidwe lobadwa kumene limakhazikitsidwa pazigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zazidziwitso:

  • Kulira mwamphamvu
  • Kugona tulo
  • Kugona
  • Kukangana
  • Chete chete
  • Kugona mwakachetechete

Ana athanzi omwe ali ndi dongosolo labwinobwino lamanjenje amatha kuyenda bwino kuchokera kumadera ena kupita kwina. Kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma, kamvekedwe ka minofu, ndi mayendedwe amthupi ndizosiyana mdziko lililonse.

Ntchito zambiri zathupi sizikhazikika m'miyezi yoyamba pambuyo pobadwa. Izi ndi zachilendo ndipo zimasiyana ndi khanda kwa khanda. Kupsinjika ndi kukondoweza kumatha kukhudza:

  • Kusuntha kwa matumbo
  • Kudzudzula
  • Kusokoneza
  • Mtundu wa khungu
  • Kutentha kulamulira
  • Kusanza
  • Kuyasamula

Kupuma kwakanthawi, momwe kupuma kumayambira ndikuyimiranso, ndikwabwino. Sichizindikiro cha kufa mwadzidzidzi kwa ana akhanda (SIDS). Ana ena amasanza kapena kulavulira akamaliza kudyetsa, koma osakhala ndi vuto lililonse mwakuthupi. Amapitiliza kunenepa ndikukula bwino.

Makanda ena amadandaula ndikubuula kwinaku akuyenda matumbo, koma amatulutsa chimbudzi chofewa, chopanda magazi, ndikukula kwawo ndi kudyetsa ndibwino. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha minofu ya m'mimba yosakhwima yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukankha ndipo safunika kuthandizidwa.

Kugona / kuzuka kumasiyana, ndipo sikukhazikika mpaka mwana atakwanitsa miyezi itatu. Izi zimachitika mosasinthasintha mphindi 30 mpaka 50 pobadwa. Nthawi zimakula pang'onopang'ono khanda likamakula. Pofika miyezi inayi, makanda ambiri amakhala ndi maola asanu osagwedezeka tsiku lililonse.

Makanda oyamwitsa azidyetsa pafupifupi maola awiri aliwonse. Makanda odyetsedwa m'mafomula ayenera kupita maola atatu pakati pa kudyetsa. Nthawi yakukula msanga, amatha kudyetsa pafupipafupi.

Simuyenera kupereka mwana madzi. M'malo mwake, zitha kukhala zowopsa. Khanda lomwe likumwa mokwanira limatulutsa matewera 6 mpaka 8 onyowa munthawi yamaora 24. Kuphunzitsa khanda kuyamwa pacifier kapena chala chawo chachikulu kumatonthoza pakati pa kudyetsa.

CHITETEZO

Chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri kwa makanda. Njira zachitetezo pachiyambi pakukula kwa mwana. Mwachitsanzo, mozungulira miyezi 4 mpaka 6, khanda limatha kuyamba kugubuduzika. Chifukwa chake, samalani kwambiri mwanayo ali patebulopo.

Taonani malangizo otsatirawa:

  • Dziwani za ziphe (zotsuka m'nyumba, zodzoladzola, mankhwala, ngakhalenso mbewu zina) m'nyumba mwanu ndikuzisunga kuti mwana wanu asazifikire. Gwiritsani ntchito zotchingira chitetezo m'kabati ndi m'kabati. Tumizani nambala yolimbana ndi poyizoni - 1-800-222-1222 - pafupi ndi foni.
  • Musalole ana okalamba kukwawa kapena kuyendayenda kukhitchini pamene achikulire kapena abale awo achikulire akuphika. Pewani khitchini ndi chipata kapena ikani mwanayo pamalo osewerera, pampando wapamwamba, kapena pogona pamene ena akuphika.
  • Musamamwe kapena kutenga chilichonse chotentha mutanyamula khanda kuti asatenthedwe. Makanda amayamba kugwedeza mikono yawo ndikugwira zinthu kwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu.
  • Musasiye mwana wakhanda yekha ndi abale ake kapena ziweto. Ngakhale abale achikulire sangakhale okonzeka kuthana ndi vuto ngati lingachitike. Ziweto, ngakhale zingawoneke ngati zofatsa komanso zachikondi, zingayankhe mosayembekezereka kulira kwa mwana kapena kumugwira, kapena zitha kufewetsa khanda mwa kunama kwambiri.
  • Musasiye mwana wakhanda yekha pamalo pomwe mwanayo angagwedezeke kapena kugubuduzika ndi kugwa.
  • Kwa miyezi isanu yoyambirira ya moyo, nthawi zonse muike khanda lanu kumbuyo kuti agone. Izi zasonyezedwa kuti zichepetse chiopsezo cha matenda obadwa mwadzidzidzi a ana akhanda (SIDS). Mwana akangodzigudubuza yekha, dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limakhwima limachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha SIDS.
  • Dziwani momwe mungathetsere zovuta zadzidzidzi mwa khanda potenga maphunziro ovomerezeka kudzera ku American Heart Association, American Red Cross, kapena chipatala chakomweko.
  • Osasiya zinthu zing'onozing'ono zomwe khanda lingafikire, makanda amafufuza malo awo mwa kuyika chilichonse chomwe angaike pakamwa.
  • Ikani khanda lanu pampando woyenera wamagalimoto aliyense kukwera galimoto, ngakhale atakhala wamtali bwanji. Gwiritsani ntchito mpando wamagalimoto womwe umayang'ana chakumbuyo mpaka mwanayo asanakwanitse chaka chimodzi ndipo akulemera mapaundi 20 (9 kilogalamu), kapena kupitilira apo ngati zingatheke. Kenako mutha kusinthana ndi mpando wamagalimoto woyang'ana kutsogolo. Malo otetezeka kwambiri a mpando wamagalimoto a khanda ali pakati pampando wakumbuyo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti dalaivala azisamala ndi kuyendetsa, osasewera ndi khanda. Ngati mukufuna kusamalira khanda, kokerani galimotoyo paphewa ndikuyimitsa musanayese kuthandiza mwana.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito zipata pamakwerero, ndikutchingira zipinda zomwe sizili "umboni wa ana." Kumbukirani, makanda atha kuphunzira kukwawa kapena kuwotcha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

MUITANE CHITSANZO CHANU CHOPATSA IFE:

  • Khanda silikuwoneka bwino, limawoneka losiyana ndi labwinobwino, kapena silingatonthozedwe pogwira, kugwedeza, kapena kukumbatirana.
  • Kukula kwa khanda sikuwoneka bwino.
  • Mwana wanu wakhanda akuwoneka "akutaya" zochitika zazikulu pakukula. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana wanu wa miyezi 9 adatha kuyimirira, koma miyezi 12 sangakhale pansi osathandizidwa.
  • Mumakhudzidwa nthawi iliyonse.
  • Chibade cha mwana wakhanda
  • Maganizo amwana
  • Zochitika zachitukuko
  • Kusintha kwa Moro

Onigbanjo MT, Feigelman S. Chaka choyamba. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 22.

Olsson JM. Wobadwa kumene. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 21.

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