Cachexia

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Magulu a cachexia
• Cachexia ndi khansa
• Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zochitika zina
• Zizindikiro
• Njira zothandizira
• Zovuta
• Chiwonetsero

Chidule

Cachexia (yotchedwa kuh-KEK-see-uh) ndi matenda "owononga" omwe amachititsa kuti muchepetse thupi kwambiri komanso kuwononga minofu, ndipo atha kuphatikizaponso kuchepa kwamafuta amthupi. Matendawa amakhudza anthu omwe ali kumapeto kwa matenda akulu monga khansa, HIV kapena Edzi, COPD, matenda a impso, komanso kuperewera kwa mtima (CHF).

Mawu akuti "cachexia" amachokera ku mawu achi Greek akuti "kakos" ndi "hexis," omwe amatanthauza "zoyipa."

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa cachexia ndi mitundu ina yochepetsa thupi ndikuti sikungokakamira. Anthu omwe amakula nawo samachepetsa thupi chifukwa akuyesera kuchepa ndi zakudya kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi. Amachepetsa thupi chifukwa amadya zochepa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, kagayidwe ka kagayidwe kamasinthidwe kamene kamapangitsa kuti thupi lawo ligwe misempha yambiri. Kutupa komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zotupa zimatha kukhudza chilakolako ndikupangitsa thupi kuwotcha zopatsa mphamvu mwachangu kuposa masiku onse.

Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti cachexia ndi gawo limodzi lamankhwala omwe thupi limachita polimbana ndi matenda. Kuti mupeze mphamvu zowonjezera ubongo mukakhala malo ogulitsa zakudya zochepa, thupi limaphwanya minofu ndi mafuta.

Munthu amene ali ndi cachexia samangolemera. Amakhala ofooka komanso ofooka kotero kuti thupi lawo limakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti afe ndi matenda awo. Kungopeza zakudya zowonjezera kapena zopatsa mphamvu sikokwanira kusinthira cachexia.

Magulu a cachexia

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya cachexia:

• Precachexia amatanthauzidwa kuti kutayika mpaka 5 peresenti ya kulemera kwanu ndikudwala kapena matenda. Zimayendera limodzi ndi kusowa kwa njala, kutupa, komanso kusintha kwa kagayidwe kake.
• Cachexia ndi kuchepa kwa thupi lanu kuposa miyezi 5 kapena kucheperapo, pamene simukuyesera kuonda ndipo muli ndi matenda kapena matenda odziwika. Zina mwazinthu zimaphatikizapo kutaya mphamvu ya minofu, kuchepa kwa njala, kutopa, ndi kutupa.
• Cachexia yotsutsa imagwira ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Ndi kuchepa thupi, kuchepa kwa minofu, kuchepa kwa ntchito, kuphatikiza kulephera kuyankha chithandizo cha khansa.

Cachexia ndi khansa

Kufikira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yomwe yachedwa kumapeto ali ndi cachexia. Pafupifupi anthu omwe ali ndi khansa amafa chifukwa cha izi.

Maselo otupa amatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa njala. Khansa ndi mankhwala ake amathanso kuyambitsa nseru kapena kuwononga kagayidwe kake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudya komanso kuyamwa michere.

Thupi likapeza zakudya zochepa, limatentha mafuta ndi minofu. Maselo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa zomwe zatsala kuti ziwathandize kukhalabe ndi kuchulukana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zochitika zina

Cachexia imachitika mochedwa kwambiri ngati:

• khansa
• congestive mtima kulephera (CHF)
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
• matenda a impso
• cystic fibrosis
• nyamakazi

Momwe cachexia imasiyanirana kutengera matenda. Zimakhudza:

• ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima kapena COPD
• Mpaka 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yam'mimba ndi ina yapamwamba ya GI
• Kufikira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yamapapo

Zizindikiro

Anthu omwe ali ndi cachexia amachepetsa thupi komanso minofu. Anthu ena amaoneka kuti alibe chakudya chokwanira. Zina zimawoneka ngati zolemera.

Kuti mupezeke ndi cachexia, muyenera kuti mwakhala mukuchepera 5% ya thupi lanu m'miyezi 12 yapitayi kapena yocheperako, ndipo mukudwala kapena matenda. Muyeneranso kukhala ndi zosachepera zitatu izi:

• kuchepa mphamvu ya minofu
• kutopa
• kusowa kwa njala (anorexia)
• mndandanda wamafuta wopanda mafuta (kuwerengera kutengera kulemera kwanu, mafuta amthupi, ndi kutalika)
• kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumadziwika ndi kuyesa magazi
• kuchepa kwa magazi (maselo ofiira ofiira)
• mapuloteni ochepa, albumin

Njira zothandizira

Palibe mankhwala enieni kapena njira yobweretsera cachexia. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuthandizira kusintha kwaumoyo.

Chithandizo chamakono cha cachexia chimaphatikizapo:

• chilimbikitso chofuna kudya monga megestrol acetate (Megace)
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga dronabinol (Marinol), kuti athetse mseru, njala, komanso kusangalala
• mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutupa
• kusintha kwa zakudya, zowonjezera zakudya
• masewera olimbitsa thupi

Zovuta

Cachexia imatha kukhala yayikulu kwambiri. Itha kusokoneza chithandizo cha zomwe zidayambitsa ndikuchepetsa yankho lanu kuchipatala. Anthu omwe ali ndi khansa omwe ali ndi cachexia amalephera kupirira chemotherapy ndi njira zina zochiritsira zomwe amafunikira kuti apulumuke.

Chifukwa cha zovuta izi, anthu omwe ali ndi cachexia amakhala ndi moyo wotsika. Amakhalanso ndi malingaliro oyipa.

Chiwonetsero

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a cachexia. Komabe, ofufuza akuphunzira zambiri za zomwe zimayambitsa. Zomwe apeza zalimbikitsa kafukufuku wamankhwala atsopano kuti athane ndi kuwonongeka.

Kafukufuku angapo adasanthula zinthu zomwe zimateteza kapena kumanganso minofu ndikufulumizitsa kunenepa. imayang'ana kwambiri poletsa mapuloteni activin ndi myostatin, omwe amaletsa minofu kukula.