Kuzindikira Khansa Yam'mapapo

Zamkati

• Kuzindikira khansa yamapapu
• Kuyesa kwakuthupi
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Bronchoscopy
• Sputum cytology
• Chifuwa chamapapo
• Kuyesera kufalikira kwa khansa yamapapo
• Magawo a khansa yamapapo
• Magawo a khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo
• Magawo a khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo
• Kodi malingaliro ake ndi otani?
• Nkhani ya Frank's Lung Cancer Survivor

Chidule

Madokotala amagawa khansa yam'mapapo m'magulu awiri akulu kutengera momwe ma cell a khansa amawonekera pansi pa microscope. Mitundu iwiriyi ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yaing'ono yam'mapapo komanso khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono, yomwe imafala kwambiri. Malinga ndi American Lung Association, khansa yam'mapapo ndiye yomwe imayambitsa kufa kwa khansa kwa amuna ndi akazi ku United States.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikilo za khansa yam'mapapo, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Dokotala wanu adzawunika mbiri yanu yazachipatala, kuwunika zoopsa zilizonse zomwe muli nazo, ndikuyesa thupi. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuyesa kwina ngati kuli kofunikira.

Kuyesedwa kwa khansa yam'mapapo kumatha kukhala koopsa ndipo kumatha kuyika anthu pachiwopsezo chosafunikira. Komabe, popeza anthu samakonda kuwonetsa zizindikirizo mpaka matenda atakula, kuwunika kumatha kuthandizira kuti adziwe msanga, akakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wothandizira. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala wanu amalangiza mayeso owunikira pokhapokha atapeza chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti mwina mungakhale nawo.

Kuzindikira khansa yamapapu

Kuyesa kwakuthupi

Dokotala wanu adzawona zizindikilo zanu zofunika monga kukhathamiritsa kwa oxygen, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumvetsera kupuma kwanu, ndikuwunika ngati pali chiwindi chotupa kapena ma lymph node. Atha kukutumizirani kukayezetsa kowonjezera ngati apeza china chilichonse chachilendo kapena chokayikitsa.

Kujambula kwa CT

CT scan ndi X-ray yomwe imatenga zithunzi zingapo zamkati momwe imazungulira thupi lanu, ndikupereka chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha ziwalo zanu zamkati. Zingathandize dokotala wanu kuzindikira khansa yoyambirira kapena zotupa kuposa ma X-ray wamba.

Bronchoscopy

Thubhu yaying'ono, yoyaka moto yotchedwa bronchoscope idzaikidwa kudzera mkamwa kapena mphuno ndikutsikira m'mapapu anu kuti mufufuze bronchi ndi mapapo. Amatha kutenga mayeso a cell kuti akawayese.

Sputum cytology

Sputum, kapena phlegm, ndimadzimadzi ochuluka omwe mumatsokomola m'mapapu anu. Dokotala wanu atumiza samputum ku labu kuti akaunike zazing'onoting'ono pamaselo aliwonse a khansa kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya.

Chifuwa chamapapo

Kujambula mayeso kumatha kuthandiza dokotala kudziwa zotupa ndi zotupa. Zotupa zina zimatha kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimakayikira, koma ma radiologist sangatsimikizire ngati ali owopsa kapena owopsa. Biopsy yokha ndi yomwe ingathandize dokotala kudziwa ngati zotupa zam'mapapo zokayikitsa zili ndi khansa. Biopsy idzawathandizanso kudziwa mtundu wa khansa ndikuthandizira kuwongolera chithandizo. Njira zingapo zamapapu zimaphatikizapo izi:

• Pakati pa thoracentesis, dokotala wanu amaika singano yaitali kuti atenge madzi, otchedwa pleural effusion, pakati pa minofu yomwe ili m'mapapu anu.
• Pakati pa chikhumbo chabwino cha singano, dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kuti atenge maselo m'mapapu anu kapena ma lymph node.
• Cholinga chachikulu chimakhala chofanana ndi chikhumbo chabwino cha singano. Dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito singano kuti atenge gawo lokulirapo lotchedwa "pachimake."
• Pakati pa thoracoscopy, dokotala wanu amatuluka pang'ono pachifuwa ndi kumbuyo kuti akafufuze minofu ya m'mapapo ndi chubu chochepa.
• Pakati pa mediastinoscopy, dokotala wanu amalowetsa chubu chowonda, chowunikira kudzera paching'onoting'ono pamwamba pa chifuwa chanu kuti muwone bwino ndikutenga minofu ndi ma lymph node.
• Pakati pa endobronchial ultrasound, dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amawu kuti atsogolere bronchoscope pansi pa trachea kapena "windpipe" yanu kuti ayang'ane zotupa ndikuzijambula ngati alipo. Atenganso zitsanzo kuchokera kumadera omwe akukambidwa.
• Pakati pa thoracotomy, dotolo wanu amatenga chidule chachikulu m'chifuwa chanu kuti muchotse minofu ya mnofu ndi ziwalo zina kuti mupimidwe.

Kuyesera kufalikira kwa khansa yamapapo

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito CT scan ngati mayeso oyesa kujambula. Zimaphatikizapo jekeseni wa utoto wosiyanitsa mumitsempha. CT imapatsa dokotala chithunzi cha mapapo anu ndi ziwalo zina momwe khansa imafalikira ngati chiwindi ndi adrenal gland. Madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito CT kuwongolera singano za biopsy.

Mayesero ena angafunike kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira, kapena kufalikira, m'thupi:

• Madokotala atha kuyitanitsa MRI akaganiza kuti khansa yamapapo itafalikira kuubongo kapena msana.
• Kujambula kwa positron-emission tomography kumakhudzana ndi jakisoni wa mankhwala owopsa, kapena tracer, omwe amasonkhana m'maselo a khansa, kulola dokotala wanu kuwona madera omwe ali ndi khansa.
• Madokotala amangoyitanitsa kuwunika kwa mafupa akaganiza kuti khansa yafalikira m'mafupa. Zimaphatikizira kulowetsa zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation m'mitsempha yanu, yomwe imakhazikika m'malo abwinobwino kapena khansa ya fupa. Kenako amatha kuziwona pazithunzi.

Magawo a khansa yamapapo

Gawo la khansa yamapapo limafotokoza kukula kwa khansayo. Mukalandira matenda a khansa yam'mapapo, gululi lithandizira dokotala wanu kuti akuchiritsireni. Kukhazikika sikumangotanthauza momwe khansa yanu yamapapu imathandizira komanso zotsatira zake. Maganizo anu amatengera:

• thanzi lathu lonse komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito
• mphamvu
• matenda ena
• kuyankha chithandizo

Khansara yamapapo imadziwika kuti khansa yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo. Khansa yosakhala yaying'ono imafala kwambiri.

Magawo a khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo

Khansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono imachitika m'magawo awiri otchedwa "ochepa" komanso "ochulukirapo."

Gawo lochepa limangokhala pachifuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala m'mapapu amodzi komanso ma lymph node oyandikana nawo. Mankhwala ochiritsira amaphatikizapo chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation.

Gawo lalikulu limakhudza mapapo ndi ziwalo zina za thupi. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amathandizira izi ndi chemotherapy komanso chisamaliro chothandizira. Ngati muli ndi khansara yamapapu yamtunduwu, mungafune kuwona ngati ndinu woyenera kuyesedwa kwachipatala kuti mukayese kuyesetsa komanso chitetezo cha mankhwala atsopano.

Magawo a khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo

• Pakadutsa zamatsenga, maselo a khansa yam'mapapo ali m'matumbo kapena pachitsanzo chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa poyesedwa koma palibe chizindikiro chilichonse chotupa m'mapapo.
• Mu gawo la 0, maselo a khansa ali mkatikati mwa mapapo okha ndipo khansayo siyowopsa
• Pa gawo 1A, khansa ili mkatikati mwa mapapo ndi minofu yakuya yamapapu. Komanso, chotupacho sichidutsa masentimita atatu (3) masentimita ndipo sichinalowerepo bronchus kapena ma lymph node.
• Pa siteji 1B, khansara yakula ndikulowa mkati mwa minofu ya m'mapapo, kudzera m'mapapo mpaka mu pleura, ndi yopitilira 3 cm m'mimba mwake, kapena yakula kukhala bronchus yayikulu koma sinalowebe ma lymph node. Opaleshoni ndipo nthawi zina chemotherapy ndi njira zochiritsira khansa yam'mapapo mu gawo 1A ndi 1B.
• Pa gawo 2A, khansa imakhala yochepera 3 cm m'mimba mwake koma yafalikira kumatenda omwe ali mbali yomweyo ya chifuwa ngati chotupacho.
• Pa gawo 2B, khansara yakula mpaka kukhoma pachifuwa, bronchus, pleura, diaphragm, kapena minofu yamtima, yopitilira 3 cm, ndipo itha kufalikira kuma lymph node.
• Pa gawo 3A, khansara yafalikira kumatenda omwe ali pakatikati pa chifuwa komanso mbali yomweyo monga chotupacho, ndipo chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu. Chithandizo cha gawoli chitha kuphatikizira kuphatikiza chemotherapy ndi radiation.
• Pa gawo 3B, khansara yalowa m'malo am'mimba mbali yina ya chifuwa, khosi, ndipo mwina mtima, mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi, kapena kholingo, ndipo chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu. Chithandizo cha gawoli chimaphatikizapo chemotherapy ndipo nthawi zina radiation
• Pa gawo 4, khansara yamapapo yafalikira kumadera ena a thupi, mwina ma adrenal gland, chiwindi, mafupa, ndi ubongo. Chithandizo cha gawoli chimaphatikizapo chemotherapy, kuthandizira, kapena kutonthoza, chisamaliro, ndipo mwina kuyesedwa kwachipatala ngati ndinu woyenera ndikusankha kutenga nawo mbali.

Kodi malingaliro ake ndi otani?

Onani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza kuti mungakhale ndi khansa yamapapo. Mayesero ambiri amapezeka kuti atsimikizidwe kuti ali ndi khansa komanso kuti adziwe kuti khansa ili pati ngati muli ndi khansa. Kuzindikira khansa koyambirira kumatha kuthandiza dokotala kuti athetse khansa koyambirira komanso moyenera. Mulimonse momwe khansa ilili, mankhwala amapezeka.

Nkhani ya Frank's Lung Cancer Survivor