Khansa ya khansa: ndi chiyani, mitundu yayikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Mitundu yayikulu
• 1. Pachabe kwambiri khansa ya pakhungu
• 2. Khansa ya khansa ya pakhungu
• 3. Khansa yoyipa ya khansa ya pakhungu
• 4. Khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya m'magazi
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya khansa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kodi khansa ya khansa ikhoza kuchiritsidwa?
• Momwe mungapewere khansa ya khansa

Melanoma ndi khansa yapakhungu yoyipa yomwe imayamba ndi ma melanocyte, omwe ndi khungu la khungu lomwe limayambitsa melanin, chinthu chomwe chimapereka utoto pakhungu. Chifukwa chake, khansa ya khansa imachitika pafupipafupi pakakhala zotupa m'maselowa, zomwe zimatha kuchitika makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi radiation ya radiation kuchokera ku dzuwa kapena khungu loyeserera. Komabe, ngakhale ndizosowa kwambiri, khansa ya khansa imatha kuwonekeranso m'maso kapena m'mimbamo monga pakamwa, mphuno, pakhosi, anus, kumaliseche kapena m'mimba, mwachitsanzo.

Mu khansa yamtunduwu, ma melanocyte amakula mwachangu, modabwitsa komanso osalamulirika ndipo, chifukwa chake, amatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zina monga mapapu, ubongo, chiwindi, mafupa kapena matumbo, ndikupanga metastases, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala azivuta komanso mwayi wocheperako.

Chifukwa chake, pachizindikiro choyamba cha kusintha kwa khungu kapena kukula kwa zizindikilo, dokotala wa khungu ayenera kufunsidwa kuti adziwe khansa ya khansa koyambirira, kuthandizira chithandizo ndikuwonjezera mwayi wakuchira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya pakhungu ndi mawonekedwe akuda kwambiri pakhungu, kusintha kukula, mawonekedwe kapena mtundu wa malo omwe alipo kapena banga. Kuphatikiza apo, mawanga kapena madontho omwe amatuluka magazi mosavuta komanso kupezeka kwa mabala omwe amatenga nthawi kuti apole kumawonekeranso khansa ya khansa.

Onani mu kanema wotsatira momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za khansa yapakhungu ya khansa ya pakhungu:

Mitundu yayikulu

Mitundu ya khansa ya khansa imasiyana malinga ndi malo omwe akutuluka komanso mawonekedwe ake, mitundu yayikulu ndi:

1. Pachabe kwambiri khansa ya pakhungu

Matenda a khansa yapadera ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya khansa ndipo imayamba kutuluka m'maselo akhungu kwambiri, ndipo imatha kufalikira kumadera akuya akhungu.

Mtundu uwu wa khansa ya pakhungu umayamba ndi madera ofiira kapena ofiira pakhungu kapena ang'onoang'ono ofiira ofiira, oyera, akuda kapena amtambo.

2. Khansa ya khansa ya pakhungu

Nodular melanoma ndiye mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya khansa komanso wowopsa kwambiri chifukwa umakula msanga ndipo umatha kufikira mbali zina za thupi kuyambira pachiyambi.

Khansara yamtunduwu imayamba ngati chotumphuka, chowuma kapena chakuda, buluu kapena buluu-wofiyira ndipo samayambitsa zisonyezo. Komabe, ndi chotupa chosavuta kuchizindikira chifukwa chakukula msanga kwa chotupacho.

3. Khansa yoyipa ya khansa ya pakhungu

Malignant lentigo melanoma nthawi zambiri imachitika m'malo omwe amapezeka padzuwa, monga nkhope, khosi, khungu ndi kumbuyo kwa manja, kukhala ofala kwambiri kwa okalamba omwe khungu lawo limawonongeka ndi dzuwa.

Mtundu uwu wa khansa ya khansa imatha kulowa pakhungu lakuya ndipo imayamba ndi malo athyathyathya pakhungu, lofiirira kapena lakuda, wokhala ndi m'mbali mwake osagwirizana komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati mawanga akuda kapena akuda pamwamba pake.

4. Khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya m'magazi

Acral lentiginous melanoma ndikosowa kwambiri ndipo poyamba imakhudza zigawo zapamwamba kwambiri pakhungu, makamaka mitengo ya kanjedza, zidendene za mapazi ndi misomali, pokhala khansa yapakhungu yodziwika kwambiri kwa anthu akuda, Asiya ndi Hispanics.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya khansa

Kuphatikiza pa kukhala padzuwa komanso kuwotchedwa ndi dzuwa pafupipafupi, khansa ya khansa imatha kuyambitsanso mtundu wina uliwonse wamawonedwe a UV, monga mabedi ofufuta. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuunika kwamtunduwu kumatha kulowa m'maselo, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kusintha kowopsa komwe kumabweretsa mawonekedwe a khansa.

Komabe, khansa ya khansa imatha kuwonekera paliponse m'thupi, ngakhale itatetezedwa ku kuwala kwa UV ndipo, chifukwa chake, ngakhale ndiyosowa kwambiri, imatha kupezekanso mwa omwe amapewa kuwonekera padzuwa, chifukwa chokhudzana ndi banja, majini ndi chilengedwe.

Zina mwazinthu zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya khansa ndi monga:

• Khalani ndi khungu loyera, tsitsi lofiira kapena lofiira ndi maso owala;
• Khalani ndi mbiriyakale ya kutentha kwa dzuwa;
• Kuvuta khungu;
• Pangani zovuta kuti mukhale ndi ziphuphu;
• Kukhala ndi mawanga kapena zipsera zambiri pakhungu;
• Kukhala ndi mbiri yapa khansa yapakhungu;
• Kukhala ndi matenda omwe amakhudza chitetezo chamthupi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi 1 kapena zingapo mwazinthuzi amayenera kufunsidwa pafupipafupi ndi dermatologist kuti awunike khungu lonse, kuti athe kuzindikira zosintha zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha khansa ya khansa chimadalira kukula kwake, gawo la khansa, thanzi la munthuyo liyenera kutsogozedwa ndi oncologist kapena dermatologist, ndipo zotsatirazi zitha kulimbikitsidwa:

• Opaleshoni kuchotsa khansa ya pakhungu;
• Chitetezo chamatenda kuthandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kulimbana ndi khansa;
• Chithandizo cha chandamale amene amachita mwachindunji pa maselo a khansa ya pakhungu;
• Mankhwala opatsirana zomwe zingachitike ngati sikutheka kuchotsa khansa ya khansa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni kapena kuchiza ma lymph node omwe amakhudzidwa ndi khansa ya khansa;
• Chemotherapy kupha maselo a khansa ya khansa ndipo amatha kuperekera m'mitsempha kapena mapiritsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa.

Ngati ma metastases alipo, chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation ziyenera kuyambitsidwa posachedwa. Komabe, kupambana kumakhala kotsika, chifukwa ma metastases amawoneka m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri a khansa. Onani zambiri zamankhwala othandizira khansa yapakhungu.

Kodi khansa ya khansa ikhoza kuchiritsidwa?

Matenda a khansa amakhala ndi mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri pomwe sanayambebe kupezeka kwina kulikonse m'thupi komanso ngati matendawa atangopezeka kumene. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzisunga zizindikilo ndi mawanga akhungu, kufunafuna zosintha.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe adakhalapo ndi khansa yapakhungu kapena omwe ali ndi vuto m'banjamo, ayenera kupita kwa dermatologist pafupipafupi, popeza ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya khansa.

Momwe mungapewere khansa ya khansa

Zina mwazinthu zitha kuthandiza kupewa kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya khansa monga:

• Pewani dzuwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa 10 am ndi 4 pm;
• Valani zoteteza ku dzuwa tsiku lililonse, ndi SPF 30 osachepera, ngakhale masiku amvula;
• Valani chipewa ngati ndizosapeweka kudziwonetsera wekha padzuwa;
• Pewani khungu.

Kuphatikiza apo, munthu amayenera kuyang'ana khungu la thupi lonse, makamaka malo omwe amapezeka padzuwa, monga nkhope, khosi, makutu ndi khungu, kufunafuna zosintha monga mawonekedwe a mawanga, mawanga, mawanga, kutupa kapena kusintha kwa mabala akhungu. Phunzirani momwe mungapewere khansa yapakhungu.