Zizindikiro Zapamwamba Kwambiri za Khansa ya Chithokomiro

Zamkati

• Momwe mungapezere khansa ya chithokomiro
• Mitundu ya khansa ya chithokomiro
• Momwe mungachiritse khansa ya chithokomiro
• Kodi kutsatira ndikulandila bwanji?
• Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro ingabwererenso?

Khansara ya chithokomiro ndi mtundu wa chotupa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimachiritsidwa ngati chithandizo chake chikuyambika molawirira kwambiri, motero ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikilo zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa khansa, makamaka:

1. Bulu kapena chotupa m'khosi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakula msanga;
2. Kutupa m'khosi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi;
3. Ululu patsogolo pakhosi zomwe zimatha kumveka m'makutu;
4. Kuopsa kapena mawu ena amasintha;
5. Kuvuta kupuma, ngati kuti china chake chamangidwa pakhosi;
6. Kukhosomola zonse omwe samatsagana ndi chimfine kapena chimfine;
7. Zovuta kumeza kapena kumverera kwa chinthu chokhazikika pakhosi.

Ngakhale khansa yamtunduwu imafala kwambiri kuyambira zaka za 45, nthawi iliyonse pakawonekera izi, chofala kwambiri ndikulimba kwa chotupa kapena chotupa pakhosi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukafunse katswiri wa zamankhwala kapena mutu kapena khosi kuti achite kuyezetsa matenda, kudziwa ngati pali vuto lililonse ndi chithokomiro ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera.

Komabe, zizindikirazi zitha kuwonetsanso mavuto ena ochepera monga gastroesophageal reflux, matenda opumira, mavuto amawu, komanso zotupa za chithokomiro kapena zopindika, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyipa sizikhala ndi vuto lililonse, ndipo ziyenera kufufuzidwa, chifukwa ambiri milandu, khansa ya chithokomiro siyimayambitsa zizindikiro.

Onaninso zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze kusintha kwina kwa chithokomiro: Zizindikiro za chithokomiro.

Momwe mungapezere khansa ya chithokomiro

Kuti mupeze khansa ya chithokomiro ndikofunikira kuti mupite kwa katswiri wazachipatala kuti mukayang'ane khosi la munthuyo ndikuzindikira zosintha monga kutupa, kupweteka kapena kupezeka kwa chotupa. Komabe, ndikofunikanso kuyesa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a TSH, T3, T4, thyroglobulin ndi calcitonin, omwe akasinthidwa atha kusintha kusintha kwa chithokomiro.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kupanga ultrasound ya chithokomiro ndikulakalaka kwa singano (FNAP) kuti mutsimikizire kupezeka kwa maselo oyipa minyewa, yomwe imatsimikiza ngati ndi khansa.

Anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya chithokomiro yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chambiri nthawi zambiri amayesa kuyesa magazi, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti ma biopsy azichita nthawi zonse pomwe dokotala akuwonetsa ndikubwereza, ngati izi zikuwonetsa zotsatira zosadziwika, kapena adatsimikiza za mutu wodekha.

Nthawi zina, kutsimikiza kuti ndi khansa ya chithokomiro kumachitika pambuyo poti atachita opareshoni kuti achotse nodule yomwe idatumizidwa ku labotale yosanthula.

Mitundu ya khansa ya chithokomiro

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya chithokomiro yomwe imasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wamaselo omwe akhudzidwa. Komabe, zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi izi:

• Papillary carcinoma: ndi khansa yotchuka kwambiri ya chithokomiro, yoyimira pafupifupi 80% ya milandu, nthawi zambiri imayamba pang'onopang'ono, kukhala mtundu wosavuta kuchiza;
• Zotsatira za carcinoma: ndi khansa ya chithokomiro yocheperako poyerekeza ndi papillary, komanso imadziwikiratu kuti ndi yabwino kuchiza;
• Matenda a carcinoma: ndi osowa, okhudza 3% yokha ya milandu, kukhala kovuta kwambiri kuchiza, ndi mwayi wocheperako;
• Anaplastic carcinoma: ndizosowa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza pafupifupi 1% ya milandu, koma ndiyopsa mtima, nthawi zambiri imapha.

Khansa ya chithokomiro ya papillary kapena follicular imapulumuka kwambiri, ngakhale imatha kuchepa khansa ikapezeka kwambiri, makamaka ngati pali metastases yomwe imafalikira mthupi lonse. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pakudziwa chotupa chomwe munthu ali nacho, akuyeneranso kudziwa gawo lake komanso ngati pali metastases kapena ayi, chifukwa izi zimatsimikizira kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe angafanane ndi vuto lililonse.

Momwe mungachiritse khansa ya chithokomiro

Chithandizo cha khansa ya chithokomiro chimadalira kukula kwa chotupacho ndipo njira zazikulu zochiritsira ndi monga opaleshoni, iodotherapy ndi mankhwala a mahomoni. Pazovuta kwambiri, chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation zitha kuwonetsedwa, koma mitundu yonse yamankhwala nthawi zonse imawonetsedwa ndi endocrinologist kapena dokotala wam'mutu ndi khosi.

• Opaleshoni: wotchedwa thyroidectomy, umakhala ndikuchotsa gland yonse, kuphatikiza kukhetsa khosi, kuchotsa ganglia m'khosi yomwe ingakhudzidwe. Dziwani momwe opaleshoniyi imachitikira ku: Opaleshoni ya chithokomiro.
• Kutenga mahomoni: Chotsatira, mankhwala ayenera kumwa m'malo mwa mahomoni opangidwa ndi chithokomiro, moyo wawo wonse, tsiku lililonse, m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Dziwani chomwe mankhwalawa angakhale;
• Chemo kapena Radiotherapy: Zitha kuwonetsedwa ngati zitakhala zotupa;
• Tengani ayodini wa radioactive: Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchotsedwa kwa chithokomiro, njira yachiwiri yothandizira, yomwe ndi kumwa ayodini, iyenera kuyambika, yomwe imathandizira kuthetsa maselo onse a chithokomiro ndipo, chifukwa chake, zotsalira zonse za chotupacho. Phunzirani zonse za iodotherapy.

Onaninso vidiyo yotsatirayi ndikuphunzirani zomwe mungachite kuti muthandize:

Chemotherapy ndi radiotherapy sizimalimbikitsidwa konse pankhani ya khansa ya chithokomiro chifukwa chotupa choterechi sichimayankha bwino mankhwalawa.

Kodi kutsatira ndikulandila bwanji?

Mukalandira chithandizo kuti muchotse chotupa cha chithokomiro, muyenera kuyezetsa kuti muwone ngati mankhwalawa achotseratu maselo owopsa komanso ngati kusintha kwa mahomoni ndikokwanira pazosowa za munthuyo.

Mayeso ofunikira ndi awa:

• Scintigraphy kapena PCI - kusaka thupi kwathunthu: ndi kuyesa komwe munthu amamwa mankhwala kenako ndikulowetsa chida chomwe chimapanga zithunzi za thupi lonse, kuti athe kupeza zotupa kapena metastases mthupi lonse. Kuyeza uku kumatha kuchitika, kuyambira 1 mpaka 6 miyezi, pambuyo pa iodotherapy. Ngati maselo owopsa kapena ma metastases apezeka, adokotala amalimbikitsa kuti atenge piritsi yatsopano ya ayodini kuti athetse vuto lililonse la khansa, koma mlingo umodzi wokha wa iodotherapy nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwanira.
• Khosi ultrasound: Ikhoza kuwonetsa ngati pali kusintha m'khosi ndi malo am'mimba;
• Kuyezetsa magazi pamiyeso ya TSH ndi thyroglobulin, miyezi itatu, 6 kapena 12 iliyonse, cholinga ndikuti mfundo zanu zizikhala <0.4mU / L.

Nthawi zambiri, adotolo amangofunsira 1 kapena 2 sikani zathupi lonse ndikutsatiraku kumachitika kokha ndi kuyesa kwa khosi ndi magazi. Kutengera zaka, mtundu ndi chotupacho, komanso thanzi la munthu, mayesowa amatha kubwereza nthawi ndi nthawi kwa zaka 10, kapena kupitilira apo, mwakufuna kwa dotolo.

Kodi khansa ya chithokomiro ingabwererenso?

Sizokayikitsa kuti chotupa chomwe chimapezeka koyambirira chimatha kufalikira mthupi lonse, ndi metastases, koma njira yabwino yodziwira ngati pali maselo owopsa mthupi ndikumayesa mayeso omwe dokotala amapempha, makamaka ma ultrasound ndi scintigraphy, komanso kusamalira ngati kuti mumadya bwino, muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Komabe, ngati chotupacho chimakhala chankhanza kapena ngati chikupezeka patapita patsogolo kwambiri, pali kuthekera kuti khansara imatha kuwonekera mbali zina za thupi, ndi ma metastases omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi m'mafupa kapena m'mapapu, mwachitsanzo.