Nthomba

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za nthomba ndi ziti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa nthomba?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa?
• Kodi matenda a nkhuku amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi pali zovuta zotani za nkhuku?
• Kodi nkhuku imachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?
• Kodi mungapewere bwanji nthomba?

Kodi nthomba ndi chiyani?

Chickenpox, yotchedwanso varicella, imadziwika ndi zotupa zofiira zoyera zomwe zimapezeka pathupi lonse. Kachilombo kamayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ana, ndipo zinali zofala kwambiri ngati chikhalidwe chaunyamata.

Ndizosowa kwambiri kukhala ndi matenda a nthomba kangapo. Ndipo popeza katemera wa nthomba adayambitsidwa pakati pa zaka za 1990, milandu yatsika.

Zizindikiro za nthomba ndi ziti?

Ziphuphu zoyipa ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha nthomba. Matendawa amayenera kukhala mthupi lanu kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka 21 isanakwane zidzolo ndi zizindikiro zina. Mumayamba kufalitsa kwa iwo omwe amakhala pafupi nanu mpaka maola 48 khungu lisanayambe.

Zizindikiro zosafulumira zitha kukhala masiku angapo ndikuphatikizira:

• malungo
• mutu
• kusowa chilakolako

Patatha masiku awiri kapena awiri mwakumana ndi izi, zidzolo zidzayamba kukula. Ziphuphu zimadutsa magawo atatu musanachire. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Mumapanga mabampu ofiira kapena pinki mthupi lanu lonse.
• Ziphuphu zimakhala matuza odzaza ndi madzi omwe amatuluka.
• Ziphuphuzi zimakhala zong'ambika, zipsere, ndikuyamba kuchira.

Ziphuphu pa thupi lanu sizikhala gawo limodzi nthawi imodzi. Ziphuphu zatsopano zidzawonekera mosalekeza mu matenda anu onse. Kutupa kumatha kukhala kovuta kwambiri, makamaka kusanachitike ndi kutumphuka.

Mumafalitsirabe mpaka matuza onse athupi lanu atumphuka. Madera akuthwa kumapeto kwake amagwa. Zimatenga masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka 14 kuti zitheke.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa nthomba?

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) imayambitsa matenda a nthomba. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pokhudzana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Vutoli limafalikira kwa iwo okuzungulirani kwa tsiku limodzi kapena masiku awiri matuza anu asanawonekere. VZV imakhalabe yopatsirana mpaka matuza onse atuluke. Tizilomboti titha kufalikira kudzera:

• malovu
• kukhosomola
• kuyetsemula
• kukhudzana ndi madzimadzi ochokera matuza

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa?

Kuwonetseredwa ndi kachilomboka kudzera mu matenda kapena katemera wakale kumachepetsa chiopsezo. Chitetezo cha kachilomboka chitha kupatsira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wake wakhanda. Chitetezo chimatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu chibadwire.

Aliyense yemwe sanawululidwe atha kutenga kachilomboka. Zowopsa zimawonjezeka pamikhalidwe iliyonse:

• Mudalumikizana posachedwa ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo.
• Muli ochepera zaka 12.
• Ndinu wamkulu mukukhala ndi ana.
• Mwakhala nthawi kusukulu kapena malo osamalira ana.
• Chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimasokonekera chifukwa cha matenda kapena mankhwala.

Kodi matenda a nkhuku amapezeka bwanji?

Muyenera nthawi zonse kuyimbira dokotala nthawi iliyonse mukakhala ndi zotupa zosadziwika, makamaka ngati zikuphatikizidwa ndi kuzizira kapena malungo. Chimodzi mwama virus kapena matenda angapo chikhoza kukukhudzani. Uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo mwapezeka ndi nthomba.

Inu adokotala mutha kudziwa kuti matendawa ndi a matuza a thupi lanu kapena thupi la mwana wanu. Kapena, mayesero a labu atha kutsimikizira zomwe zimayambitsa matuza.

Kodi pali zovuta zotani za nkhuku?

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati:

• Ziphuphuzi zimafalikira m'maso mwanu.
• Kutupa kumakhala kofiira kwambiri, kofewa komanso kotentha (zizindikiro za matenda achiwiri omwe amabakiteriya).
• The zidzolo limodzi ndi chizungulire kapena kupuma movutikira.

Pakakhala zovuta, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza:

• makanda
• achikulire
• anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka
• amayi apakati

Maguluwa amathanso kudwala VZV chibayo kapena matenda a bakiteriya pakhungu, mafupa, kapena mafupa.

Amayi owonekera pathupi amatha kubereka ana olumala, kuphatikizapo:

• kukula kosauka
• kukula pang'ono mutu
• mavuto amaso
• olumala

Kodi nkhuku imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi katsabola amalangizidwa kuti azitha kuthana ndi matendawa akamadikirira kuti kachilomboko kakadutse m'thupi lawo. Makolo adzauzidwa kuti aziletsa ana kusukulu ndi malo osamalira ana kuti asafalikire. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matendawa amafunikanso kukhala kunyumba.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala a antihistamine kapena mafuta opaka m'mutu, kapena mutha kugula izi pakauntala kuti muchepetse kuyabwa. Mukhozanso kuchepetsa khungu loyabwa ndi:

• kusamba ofunda
• mafuta odzola opanda mafuta
• kuvala zovala zopepuka, zofewa

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa ma virus ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta kuchokera ku kachilomboka kapena muli pachiwopsezo chazovuta. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu nthawi zambiri amakhala achichepere, achikulire, kapena omwe ali ndi zovuta zamankhwala. Mankhwalawa sachiza nthomba. Amachepetsa zizindikirazo pochepetsa kuchepa kwa ma virus. Izi zipangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chanu chizichira mwachangu.

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Thupi limatha kuthana ndi nthenda ya nkhuku palokha. Anthu amabwerera kuzinthu zachilendo mkati mwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri atadziwika.

Kachilombo kakachira, anthu ambiri amatetezedwa ndi kachilomboka. Sichikhazikitsidwanso chifukwa VZV nthawi zambiri imakhala mopanda tulo mthupi la munthu wathanzi. Nthawi zambiri, zimatha kuyambanso kuyambitsa nthawi ina ya nthomba.

Ndizofala kwambiri kwa ma shingles, matenda osiyana omwe amayambitsanso VZV, kuti adzachitike pambuyo pake atakula. Ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chafooka kwakanthawi, VZV imatha kuyambiranso ngati ma shingles. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena matenda ofooka.

Kodi mungapewere bwanji nthomba?

Katemera wa nthomba amateteza nkhuku mu 98 peresenti ya anthu omwe amalandila miyezo iwiri yovomerezeka. Mwana wanu ayenera kuwombera ali pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 15. Ana amapeza chilimbikitso pakati pa zaka 4 ndi 6 zakubadwa.

Ana okalamba komanso achikulire omwe sanalandire katemera kapena kuwululidwa atha kulandira mankhwalawa. Popeza kuti nthomba imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa okalamba, anthu omwe sanalandire katemera amatha kusankha kuwombera pambuyo pake.

Anthu omwe sangathe kulandira katemerayu amayesetsa kupewa kachilomboka poletsa kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Koma izi zingakhale zovuta. Chikuku sichingadziwike ndi matuza ake mpaka atafalikira kwa ena kwa masiku angapo.