Cytology ndi chiyani?

Zamkati

• Mitundu yayikulu
• 1. Kutulutsa cytology ya chithokomiro
• 2. Cholinga cha cytology cha m'mawere
• 3. Kupaka pap
• 4. Cytology yamatenda opuma
• 5. Cytology yamadzi amthupi

Kuyesa kwa cytology ndikuwunika kwamadzimadzi amthupi ndi zinsinsi, kudzera pakuwunika kwa maselo omwe amapanga nyemba pansi pa microscope, kuti athe kuzindikira kupezeka kwa zizindikilo za kutupa, matenda, magazi kapena khansa.

Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa kuti apende zomwe zili ndi zotupa, ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zakumwa zosazolowereka zomwe zimapezeka m'matumba amthupi kapena zotulutsa zachilendo monga sputum. Mitundu ina yayikulu ya cytology ndi yomwe imachitidwa potulutsa chithokomiro kapena mawere a m'mawere, komanso mayeso a pap smear kapena kulakalaka kwamankhwala opumira, mwachitsanzo.

Ngakhale mayeso a cytology amatha kuwunika mitundu ingapo yosintha, amatchedwa oncotic cytology ikafufuza makamaka kupezeka kwa maselo a khansa.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti cytology ndi histology ndimayeso osiyanasiyana, chifukwa cytology imawunika momwe maselo amakhalira muzinthu, zomwe zimapezedwa ndi kuboola, pomwe histology imafufuza minofu yonse, kutha kuwona kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kazinthuzo, nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsidwa ndi kafukufuku, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala olondola. Onani zomwe biopsy ndiyomwe ili.

Mitundu yayikulu

Zitsanzo zina za mayeso a cytology ndi awa:

1. Kutulutsa cytology ya chithokomiro

Chithokomiro cha cytology kapena aspiration aspiration (FNAB) ya chithokomiro ndiyeso lofunikira kwambiri pofufuza zotupa za chithokomiro ndi zotupa, chifukwa zimatha kuwonetsa ngati ndi chotupa chosaopsa kapena chotupa.

Pakuyesa uku, adotolo adzaphulitsa mutu, womwe ungatsogoleredwe ndi ultrasound, ndikupeza zitsanzo zamaselo omwe amapanga. Kenako, zimayikidwa pazithunzi kuti ziwunikiridwe ndi microscope, ndipo ndizotheka kuwona ngati ma cell ali ndi zovuta zomwe zitha kutanthauza khansa.

Chifukwa chake, aspiration cytology ndiyothandiza kuwongolera njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira nodule, kuwonetsa kufunikira kongotsatira kokha, pazochitika zabwino, opaleshoni kuchotsa chithokomiro, pakaganizidwe koyipa, komanso chemotherapy ikapezeka khansa.

Dziwani zambiri zakuti mayeso awa amafunikira liti komanso momwe mungamvetsere zotsatira za kuboola chithokomiro.

2. Cholinga cha cytology cha m'mawere

Kutsekemera kwa bere ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofala kwambiri za cytology ndipo ndikofunikira pakuwunika mawonekedwe a zotupa za m'mawere kapena ma nodule, makamaka akamakula mwachangu kapena amawonetsa kukayika kwa khansa. Mvetsetsani chiopsezo cha chotupa cha m'mawere kukhala khansa.

Monga momwe zimakhalira chithokomiro, kusungitsa mayeso kumatha kutsogozedwa kapena kutsogozedwa ndi ultrasound, kenako nkhaniyo imatumizidwa ku labotale kukayezetsa cytology kuti aunike maselo omwe amapanga zinthu zomwe akufuna.

3. Kupaka pap

Pazoyesezazi, zikopa ndi khomo lachiberekero zimapangidwa kuti zitenge zitsanzo zamaselo mderali, zomwe zidzakhazikitsidwe pazithunzi ndikutumizidwa ku labotale.

Chifukwa chake, kuyezaku kumatha kuzindikira matenda amphongo, matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso zizindikiro za khansa ya pachibelekero. Kafukufuku wama cell a Cancer amadziwikanso kuti cervical oncotic cytology, yomwe ndiyeso yofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira koyambirira komanso kupewa khansa ya pachibelekero.

Onani momwe mayeso a Pap amachitikira ndikumvetsetsa zotsatira zake.

4. Cytology yamatenda opuma

Zotupa monga sputum kuchokera m'mapapu kapena ntchofu za m'mphuno zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa, nthawi zambiri ndi chiyembekezo, kuti zimayesedwe mu labotore. Mayeso amtunduwu amafunsidwa kuti ayese kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda, monga bowa kapena bakiteriya, monga chifuwa chachikulu cha TB. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuwunikiranso kupezeka kwa maselo a khansa, magazi kapena zizindikilo za zovuta.

5. Cytology yamadzi amthupi

Mitundu ingapo yamadzi ndi madzi amthupi amatha kuyesedwa mu cytology test, ndipo chitsanzo chambiri ndimayendedwe amkodzo, mukamafufuza zakupezeka kwa matenda kapena kutupa kwamikodzo.

Chitsanzo china chofunikira ndi cytology yamadzimadzi a ascitic, omwe ndi madzimadzi omwe amadziunjikira m'mimba, makamaka chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba, monga cirrhosis. Mayesowa atha kufunsidwa kuti afotokozere zomwe zimayambitsa ma ascites, komanso kuyang'ana matenda opatsirana kapena zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mimba. Dziwani zambiri zavutoli pazomwe ndi ascites.

Madzi omwe amadzipezera mu pleura amathanso kusonkhanitsidwa kwa cytology, womwe ndi malo pakati pa nembanemba zomwe zimayendetsa m'mapapu, mu pericardium, yomwe ndi nembanemba yomwe imazungulira mtima, kapena ngakhale madzi omwe amadziphatika m'mfundo, chifukwa cha nyamakazi yoyambitsidwa ndimatenda amthupi kapena opatsirana, mwachitsanzo.