Kukhazikika Kwakale ndi Momwe Zimalumikizirana ndi Galu wa Pavlov

Zamkati

• Tanthauzo lachikhalidwe
• Njira zowerengera zakale
• Migwirizano yodziwira
• Magawo azikhalidwe za Pavlovian
• Asanakhazikike
• Pakukonzekera
• Pambuyo pokonza
• Yesani nokha
• Zitsanzo zamakhalidwe akale
• Chitsanzo 1
• Chitsanzo 2
• Chitsanzo 3
• Zowongolera zam'mbuyomu motsutsana ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito
• Kufunsira kuumoyo wamaganizidwe
• Phobias
• PTSD
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Zowongolera zamankhwala
• Tengera kwina

Tanthauzo lachikhalidwe

Zowongolera zakale ndi mtundu wamaphunziro omwe amachitika mosazindikira.

Mukaphunzira kudzera pazikhalidwe zamakedzana, yankho lokhazikika limaphatikizidwa ndi chilimbikitso chapadera. Izi zimapanga machitidwe.

Chitsanzo chodziwikiratu cha izi ndi chomwe ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi kholo lazikhalidwe zakale: Ivan Pavlov. Poyesa kugaya kwa canine, adapeza kuti popita nthawi agalu anali kupuma malovu osati chakudya chawo pokhapokha, koma anthu omwe amawadyetsa afika.

Poyesa lingaliro lake loti agalu anali kutsetserera chifukwa anali kuphatikizira anthu ndikudyetsedwa, adayamba kuliza belu kenako ndikupereka chakudyacho kuti agwirizanitse mawuwo ndi chakudya.

Agaluwa adaphunzira kuyanjanitsa belu lolira ndi chakudya, ndikupangitsa kuti pakamwa pawo pakhale mate nthawi zonse belu likalira - osangoti akakumana ndi chakudyacho.

Kukhazikitsa zinthu kumakhala kopindulitsa mwanjira yosinthika chifukwa zidatithandiza kupanga ziyembekezo kukonzekera zochitika zamtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, kudwala chifukwa cha chakudya kumathandiza kuti chakudyacho chikugwirizana ndi matenda. Izi zimathandizanso kuti tisadwale mtsogolo.

Tonsefe timakumana ndi zovuta zamtundu uliwonse munjira ina iliyonse m'miyoyo yathu yonse.

Masiku athu ano, otsatsa malonda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kukankhira malonda awo. Mwachitsanzo, otsatsa malonda amagwiritsa ntchito owonetsa okhala ndi khungu loyera, losalala kutsogolera ogula kuti agwirizanitse zomwe akupanga ndi khungu labwino.

Pansipa tiphwanya zowerengera zakale, perekani zitsanzo, ndikuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito muumoyo wathanzi.

Chitsanzo choyambirira cha galu wa Pavlov. Fanizo la Ruth Basagoitia

Njira zowerengera zakale

Migwirizano yodziwira

• Zolimbikitsa zopanda malire. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kuyankha kwadzidzidzi. Chakudya ndichosalimbikitsa chosayenerera pakuyesera kwa agalu a Pavlov.
• Yankho losavomerezeka. Izi ndizomwe zimayankhidwa mwachilengedwe mukamakumana ndi zosafunikira, monga kutsamwa ndi chakudya.
• Zolimbikitsa. Izi zimawonedwa ngati zosalimbikitsa ndale. Mukapatsidwa nawo mobwerezabwereza chisanachitike (mwachitsanzo, chakudya), chimayamba kuyambitsa yankho lomwelo. Belu lisanadye chakudya ndizolimbikitsa.
• Kuyankha koyenera. Awa ndimayankho omwe amapezeka pazolimbikitsa (belu), lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala yankho lofanana ndi yankho losavomerezeka. Chifukwa chake, agalu adatevulira belu momwemonso amathira mate chakudya pamaso pawo.
• Kutha. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mukayamba kufotokoza zomwe zimalimbikitsa (belu) mobwerezabwereza koma osakhudzidwa ndi chakudya (chakudya). Popita nthawi, agalu amadzazindikira kuti belu limatanthauza kuti chakudya chikubwera.
• Kuphatikiza. Izi zikutanthauza nthawi yomwe mutha kupanga zinthu zofananira ndikuyankhanso chimodzimodzi. Agalu adayamba kutsetsereka ndikamvekedwe kofanana ndi mabelu chifukwa anali kuphatikiza zomwe aphunzira.
• Tsankho. Chosemphana ndi generalization, uku ndi kuthekera kwathu kusiyanitsa china chake chikakhala chofanana koma chosafanana, chifukwa chake sichingabweretse yankho lomwelo. Kulira kwa lipenga, mwachitsanzo, sikungamapangitse agalu kukamwa.

Magawo azikhalidwe za Pavlovian

Asanakhazikike

Asanakhazikitsidwe nthawi ndi pomwe kukondweretsedwa kopanda tanthauzo ndi mayankho osagwirizana nawo amayamba. Ili ndiye yankho lachilengedwe lomwe silinaphunzitsidwe.

Mwachitsanzo, chakudya chimatulutsa malovu, kapena kachilombo ka m'mimba kamatulutsa nseru.

Pakadali pano, chilimbikitso chofunikiracho chimatchedwabe chosalimbikitsa ndale chifukwa pakadali pano sichikhala ndi zotsatirapo.

Pakukonzekera

Timayamba kugwirizanitsa zosalimbikitsa zandale ndi yankho losavomerezeka.

Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuphatikiza mtundu wina wazakudya ndi kachilombo ka m'mimba, kapena belu lolira musanalandire chakudya limatha kulumikizidwa ndi kulandira chakudya.

Pambuyo pokonza

Mukaphunzira kuyanjanitsa zolimbikitsazo ndi yankho losavomerezeka, limakhala yankho lokonzedwa.

Kotero, mtundu weniweni wa chakudya tsopano umatulutsa nseru (ngakhale sizinali kwenikweni zomwe zinayambitsa kachilombo ka m'mimba), ndipo belu limapanga mate.

Mwanjira imeneyi, mosazindikira mwaphunzira kuphatikizira cholimbikitsa chatsopano (kaya mkhalidwe, chinthu, munthu, ndi zina) ndi yankho.

Yesani nokha

"Ofesi" ili ndi chitsanzo chabwino (komanso choseketsa!) Cha mawonekedwe achikale:

Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungayesere kukonza zinthu pamoyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Nawa maupangiri oti muganizire:

• Pangani malo abwino okhala ndi kuyatsa kwabwino ndi malo oyera kuofesi yanu yakunyumba kuti mukhale malo abwino ogwirira ntchito. Malo abwino ogwirira ntchito atha kukupangitsani kuti mugwire ntchito yambiri.
• Pangani chizolowezi chogona musanagone msanga. Mutha kuchita izi mwa kuyatsa magetsi ndikupewa zowonera mphindi 30 musanagone. Izi zitha kupanga malo ogona.
• Phunzitsani chiweto kuti chizikhala ndi machitidwe omvera kapena zizolowezi zapadera powafunsa kuti agwire ntchitoyi ndikuwapatsa mphotho yomweyo. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito chinyengo cha Pavlov ndikuyesa belu linalake kuti lidziwitse nthawi yakudya (ndikuti akhale pansi ndikudikirira moleza mtima).
• Phunzitsani ana machitidwe abwino powapatsa mphotho yaying'ono kapena chidole chatsopano. Ngati akuvutika kugawana, apatseni mphoto akayesetsa kugawana nawo.

Zitsanzo zamakhalidwe akale

Pali zitsanzo zambiri zakakhalidwe kakale komanso momwe tingaphunzirire pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.

Chitsanzo 1

Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, mumalandira malipiro anu Lachisanu lililonse. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi ntchito yatsopano komwe mumalandira ndalama zanu masiku osiyanasiyana, mumamva bwino Lachisanu. Mwapangidwanso kuti muziyanjanitsa ndi mwayi wolandira malipirowo.

Chitsanzo 2

Munkasuta kumalo ena akunja kuntchito koma mwasiya kusuta. Nthawi iliyonse mukapita kumalo opumirawa, thupi lanu limalakalaka ndudu.

Chitsanzo 3

Pakugwa mvula yamkuntho, mtengo umathyoka ndikugwera m'nyumba mwanu, ndikuwononga kwambiri. Tsopano mukamva mabingu, mumakhala ndi nkhawa.

Zowongolera zam'mbuyomu motsutsana ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito

Ngakhale zowongolera zakale zimakhudzana ndimayankho amwadzidzidzi, ophunziridwa, mawonekedwe othandizira ndi mtundu wina wamaphunziro.

Mukamagwira ntchito, mumaphunzira khalidweli chifukwa cha khalidweli, lomwe limakhudzanso zomwe mudzachite mtsogolo.

Chifukwa chake, khalidweli likakhala ndi zotsatira zokhutiritsa, mumaphunzira kuligwirizanitsa ndi zotsatira zake ndikuyesetsa kuti zibwerezedwe. Pazithunzi, zotsatira zoyipa zimakupangitsani kuti mupewe khalidweli kuti mupewe zotsatirazi.

Pakuphunzitsa agalu, machitidwe abwino amapatsidwa mphotho ndi kuchitapo kanthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galu wanu akhale mnyamata kapena mtsikana wabwino kuti athe kulandira chithandizo.

Mbali inayi, machitidwe oyipa sangalandire mphotho, kapena atha kulangidwa. Izi zipangitsa galu wanu kuchepa kuchita m'tsogolo.

Ngakhale chikhalidwe chachikale chimawerengedwa kuti sichimadziwa kanthu, magwiridwe antchito ndi omwe anthu ambiri angaganize kuti ndi chizolowezi. Ndizokhudza kulimbitsa thupi ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti zikuwongoleredwa. Makhalidwe achikale amawerengedwa kuti ndi achinyengo.

Kufunsira kuumoyo wamaganizidwe

Phobias

Zowongolera zakale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomvetsetsa ndikuchiza phobias. Phobia ndikuwopa mopitilira muyeso, kopanda tanthauzo kuzinthu zina, monga chinthu kapena vuto.

Mukakhala ndi mantha, chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe chimatha kufotokoza.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuchita mantha pamalo enaake - ngati chikepe - mutha kuyamba kugwirizanitsa zikepe ndi mantha ndikuyamba kupewa kapena kuwopa kukwera konse kwachikepe. Kukumana ndi zoyipa kungakhudze yankho lanu.

Chofunikira kukumbukira ndikuti phobias amachokera ku mantha opanda nzeru. Monga momwe zowerengera zakale zitha kuchitira "kuphunzira" kuti mantha amtunduwu, amathanso kuthandizira kuwachiza mwa kuwachotsera.

Ngati wina awonedwa ndi chinthucho kapena zomwe amawopa mobwerezabwereza popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa, mawonekedwe achikhalidwe amatha kuthandizira kusiya manthawo. Mukadakwera zikepe zokwana 100 ndipo simunachite mantha, musayanjanenso ndi mantha.

PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ndimatenda akuda nkhawa omwe amayamba mukakumana ndi zoopsa. Zitha kukupangitsani kuti mumve zoopsa ngakhale mutakhala otetezeka.

Kuda nkhawa kwakukulu kumeneku kumaphunziridwa kudzera muzolimbitsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD ali ndi mayanjano olimba okhudzana ndi zoopsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kukhazikitsa zinthu kumayamba ndi anthu omwe akuchira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Anthu omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'malo ena kapena ndi anthu ena nthawi zambiri amakhala osakonzekera kuti agwirizanitse chisangalalo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi zinthu izi.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake madotolo ambiri amalimbikitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kupewa zinthu ndi madera omwe amagwirizana ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti apewe kuyambiranso.

Zowongolera zamankhwala

Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala othandizira amisala nthawi zambiri imaganiziridwa kuti ndi yotsutsana:

• mankhwalawa
• mankhwala obwezera

Mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto a nkhawa ndi phobias. Munthuyo amadziwitsidwa pazomwe amawopa. Popita nthawi amakhala okonzeka kuti asawopenso.

Chithandizo chobwezera chikufuna kuletsa machitidwe oyipa posintha mayankho abwino ndikulakwitsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zinthu, monga mowa.

Dokotala amatha kupatsa munthu mankhwala omwe amawadwalitsa ngati amamwa mowa, motero munthuyo amagwirizanitsa kumwa ndikumva kudwala.

Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito paokha. M'malo mwake, mankhwala othandizira kuphatikiza amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tengera kwina

Makhalidwe achikale ndi mtundu wamaphunziro, osazindikira. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amaganiza za galu wa Pavlov, pali zitsanzo mazana ambiri m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe chikhalidwe chathu chimatikhudzira.

Zowongolera zakale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsatsa, kuphunzira ndikuchiza mantha kapena mantha, kulimbikitsa machitidwe abwino, komanso kukuthandizani kukutetezani, monga poizoni kapena zakudya zina. Zitha kuthandizanso pophunzitsa ziweto.