Thalassemia: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi njira zamankhwala

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Mitundu ya Thalassemia
• 1. Alfa Thalassemia
• 2. Thalassemia Beta
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Thalassemia yaying'ono
• 2. Pakati pa thalassemia
• 3. Thalassemia yayikulu
• Zovuta zotheka

Thalassemia, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kuchepa kwa magazi m'nyanja ya Mediterranean, ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amadziwika ndi zofooka pakupanga hemoglobin, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a oxygen kumatenda.

Mawonetseredwe azachipatala a thalassemia amadalira kuchuluka kwa maunyolo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi hemoglobin ndi mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini komwe kwachitika, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kutopa, kuchepa kwa kukula, pallor ndi splenomegaly, mwachitsanzo.

Thalassemia ndi matenda obadwa nawo, osapatsirana kapena oyambitsa kusowa kwa zakudya, komabe, ngati pali mitundu ina ya thalassemia, chithandizo chitha kukhala ndi chakudya choyenera. Onani momwe zakudya za thalassemia zimapangidwira.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Mwambiri, mtundu wocheperako wa thalassemia, womwe ndi mtundu wofatsa kwambiri wamatendawo, umangopangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi pang'ono ndi pallor, zomwe sizimadziwika ndi wodwalayo. Komabe, mawonekedwe akulu, omwe ndi mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wamatendawa, amatha kuyambitsa:

• Kutopa;
• Kukwiya;
• Chitetezo chofooka komanso chiopsezo cha matenda;
• Kuchedwa kukula;
• Kupuma kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kosavuta;
• Zovuta;
• Kusowa kwa njala.

Kuphatikiza apo, patapita nthawi matendawa amathanso kuyambitsa mavuto mu ndulu, chiwindi, mtima ndi mafupa, kuphatikiza pa jaundice, womwe ndi khungu lachikaso ndi maso.

Mitundu ya Thalassemia

Thalassemia imagawidwa mu alpha ndi beta kutengera unyolo wa globin. Pankhani ya alpha thalassemia, pamakhala kuchepa kapena kusapezeka kwa ma alpha hemoglobin, pomwe mu beta thalassemia pamakhala kuchepa kapena kusapezeka kwa maunyolo a beta.

1. Alfa Thalassemia

Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa alpha-globin molekyulu yamagazi a hemoglobins, ndipo amatha kugawidwa mu:

• Makhalidwe a alpha thalassemia: amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa magazi pang'ono chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa unyolo umodzi wokha wa alpha-globin;
• Matenda a Hemoglobin H: yomwe imadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa mitundu itatu ya 4 ya alpha genes yokhudzana ndi alpha globin chain, kuwonedwa ngati imodzi mwazovuta zamatendawa;
• Hart hemoglobin hydrops fetal syndrome: ndiye mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa thalassemia, chifukwa amadziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa majini onse a alpha, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwa mwana wosabadwayo ngakhale atakhala ndi pakati;

2. Thalassemia Beta

Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa beta-globin molekyulu yama hemoglobins amwazi, ndipo amatha kugawidwa mu:

• Thalassemia yaying'ono (yaying'ono) kapena Beta-thalassemia: omwe ndi amodzi mwamtundu wofatsa kwambiri wamatendawa, momwe munthu samamva zisonyezo, chifukwa chake amangopezeka pambuyo pa mayeso a hematological. Poterepa, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchite chithandizo chamankhwala m'moyo wonse, koma adokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito folic acid othandizira kuti ateteze anemias ochepa;
• Beta-Thalassemia Pakatikati: imayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi pang'ono, ndipo mwina pangafunike kuti wodwalayo azithiridwa magazi nthawi ndi nthawi;
• Beta thalassemia wamkulu kapena wamkulu: ndichithunzi choopsa kwambiri cha betas thalassemia, popeza palibe makina opanga beta globin, omwe amafuna kuti wodwalayo alandire magazi pafupipafupi kuti achepetse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Zizindikiro zimayamba kuwonekera mchaka choyamba cha moyo, kudziwika ndi pallor, kutopa kwambiri, kugona, kukwiya, mafupa akumaso odziwika, mano osagwirizana bwino ndi mimba yotupa chifukwa cha ziwalo zokulitsa.

Pakakhala thalassemia yayikulu, mutha kuwona pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi kukula, kupangitsa mwanayo kukhala wamfupi komanso wowonda kuposa momwe amayembekezera msinkhu wake. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa odwala omwe amaikidwa magazi pafupipafupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amaletsa iron yambiri m'thupi kumawonekera.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Matendawa a thalassemia amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi, monga kuwerengera magazi, kuwonjezera pa hemoglobin electrophoresis, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuyesa mtundu wa hemoglobin yoyenda m'magazi. Onani momwe mungatanthauzire hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Mayeso abwinobwino amathanso kuchitidwa kuti athe kuyesa majini omwe amachititsa matendawa ndikusiyanitsa mitundu ya thalassemia.

Kuyesedwa kwa chidendene sikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupeze thalassemia, chifukwa pakubadwa hemoglobin yoyenda ndiyosiyana ndipo siyisintha, kuthekera kofufuza thalassemia pokhapokha patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi wamoyo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha thalassemia chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi dokotala ndipo nthawi zambiri chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa:

1. Thalassemia yaying'ono

Uwu ndiye mtundu wofatsa kwambiri wa matendawa ndipo sufuna chithandizo chamankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, munthu samakhala ndi zisonyezo, koma ayenera kudziwa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ngati kuchitidwa opaleshoni, matenda akulu, kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena panthawi yapakati.

Mwambiri, adotolo angavomereze kugwiritsa ntchito folic acid othandizira, vitamini yomwe imathandizira kupanga maselo amwazi ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi. Onani zakudya zokhala ndi folic acid komanso momwe chakudya chingathandizire kuthana ndi thalassemia.

2. Pakati pa thalassemia

Kawirikawiri, chithandizo cha mtundu uwu wa thalassemia chimachitidwa ndi kuikidwa magazi ali mwana, ngati mwanayo ali ndi kuchepa kwa msinkhu, kapena nthawi yomwe pali nthenda yowonjezera ndi chiwindi.

3. Thalassemia yayikulu

Ndi nthenda yoopsa kwambiri yamatenda, momwe munthu amafunika kulandira magazi kwa moyo wake, milungu iwiri kapena iwiri iliyonse, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Kuchiza kwachangu kumayambitsidwa, kuchepa kwa zovuta zamatendawo mtsogolo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la thalassemia amatha kukhala ndi chitsulo chochulukirapo m'thupi chifukwa chothiridwa magazi pafupipafupi, chifukwa chake adotolo amathanso kupereka mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amamanga chitsulo m'thupi ndikupewa kuchuluka kwake. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa mwachindunji mumtsinje kasanu mpaka kasanu pamlungu kapena kudzera m'mapiritsi.

Zovuta zotheka

Matenda a Thalassemia amabwera kokha munthawi yapakatikati komanso yayikulu yamatendawa, makamaka ngati sanalandire chithandizo choyenera.

Mwa mawonekedwe apakati a matendawa, zovuta zingakhale:

• Zofooka m'mafupa ndi mano;
• Kufooka kwa mafupa;
• Mwala wamtengo wapatali;
• Zilonda zamiyendo, chifukwa chosowa mpweya kumapeto kwenikweni kwa thupi;
• Impso mavuto;
• Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha thrombosis;
• Mavuto amtima.

Pazovuta zazikulu, zovuta monga kufooka kwa mafupa ndi mano, kukulitsa chiwindi ndi ndulu ndi kulephera kwa mtima kumatha kuchitika.