Malipenga

Leishmaniasis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amafala ndikulumidwa ndi gulugufe wamkazi.

Leishmaniasis amayamba ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kotchedwa leishmania protozoa. Protozoa ndi tamoyo tokhala ndi selo imodzi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya leishmaniasis ndi iyi:

• Cutaneous leishmaniasis amakhudza khungu ndi mamvekedwe am'mimba. Zilonda zapakhungu nthawi zambiri zimayambira pomwe kulumidwa ndi sandfly. Mwa anthu ochepa, zilonda zimatha kuyamba pachimake.
• Systemic, kapena visceral, leishmaniasis imakhudza thupi lonse. Fomuyi imachitika pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu munthu atalumidwa ndi chinsomba. Anthu ambiri samakumbukira ali ndi zilonda pakhungu. Fomuyi imatha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa. Tiziromboti timawononga chitetezo cha mthupi pochepetsa ma cell olimbana ndi matenda.

Milandu ya leishmaniasis idanenedwa kumayiko onse kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica. Ku America, matendawa amapezeka ku Mexico ndi South America. Zanenanso za asitikali akubwerera kuchokera ku Persian Gulf.

Zizindikiro za cutaneous leishmaniasis zimadalira komwe zilondazo zilipo ndipo zingaphatikizepo izi:

• Kupuma kovuta
• Zilonda pakhungu, zomwe zimatha kukhala zilonda pakhungu zomwe zimachira pang'onopang'ono
• Mphuno yothinana, mphuno yothamanga, ndi magazi otuluka m'mphuno
• Kumeza vuto
• Zilonda zam'mimba ndikutha (kukokoloka) mkamwa, lilime, nkhama, milomo, mphuno, ndi mphuno zamkati

Matenda opatsirana mwa ana nthawi zambiri amayamba mwadzidzidzi ndi:

• Tsokomola
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Malungo
• Kusanza

Akuluakulu amakhala ndi malungo kwa milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi iwiri, limodzi ndi zizindikilo monga kutopa, kufooka, komanso kusowa njala. Kufooka kumawonjezeka matendawa akukulira.

Zizindikiro zina za systemic visceral leishmaniasis zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Malungo omwe amatha milungu ingapo; ikhoza kubwera ndikupita mozungulira
• Kutuluka thukuta usiku
• Scaly, imvi, mdima, khungu la ashen
• Tsitsi lakuthwa
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakufufuzirani ndipo angapeze kuti nthenda zanu, chiwindi, ndi ma lymph node zakula. Mudzafunsidwa ngati mukukumbukira kuti mwalumidwa ndi agulugufe kapena ngati mwakhala muli malo omwe leishmaniasis ndiofala.

Kuyesa komwe kungachitike kuti mupeze vutoli ndi:

• Zolemba za ndulu ndi chikhalidwe
• Kutupa kwa mafupa ndi chikhalidwe
• Kuyesa kolunjika kwachindunji
• Mayeso olimbana ndi ma immunofluorescent antibody
• Mayeso a PCR a Leishmania
• Chiwindi cha chiwindi ndi chikhalidwe
• Lymph node biopsy ndi chikhalidwe
• Kuyezetsa khungu kwa Montenegro (sikuvomerezedwa ku United States)
• Chikopa cha khungu ndi chikhalidwe

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi
• Kuyesedwa kwa Serologic
• Seramu albumin
• Maselo a serum immunoglobulin
• Mapuloteni a Seramu

Mankhwala okhala ndi antimoni ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira leishmaniasis. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Meglumine antimoniate
• Sodium stibogluconate

Mankhwala ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi awa:

• Amphotericin B
• Ketoconazole
• Miltefosine
• Paromomycin
• Pentamidine

Kuchita opaleshoni yapulasitiki kungafunike kukonza kuwonongeka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi zilonda kumaso (cutaneous leishmaniasis).

Mitengo yamankhwala imakwera ndimankhwala oyenera, makamaka chithandizo chikayambika chisanakhudze chitetezo chamthupi. Kudula leishmaniasis kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka.

Imfa imayamba chifukwa cha zovuta (monga matenda ena), osati matenda. Imfa imachitika pasanathe zaka ziwiri.

Leishmaniasis itha kubweretsa zotsatirazi:

• Kutuluka magazi (kutaya magazi)
• Matenda owopsa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi
• Kuwonongeka kwa nkhope

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za leishmaniasis mukapita kudera lomwe matenda amadziwika kuti amapezeka.

Kuchita zinthu popewa kulumidwa ndi gulugufe kungathandize kupewa leishmaniasis:

• Kuyika mauna abwino pabedi (m'malo omwe matendawa amapezeka)
• Kuwunika mawindo
• Kuvala zothamangitsa tizilombo
• Kuvala zovala zoteteza

Njira zathanzi zaboma zochepetsera masangweji ndizofunikira. Palibe katemera kapena mankhwala omwe amaletsa leishmaniasis.

Kala-azar; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Visceral leishmaniasis; Dziko lakale leishmaniasis; Dziko latsopano leishmaniasis

• Malipenga
• Leishmaniasis, mexicana - chotupa patsaya
• Leishmaniasis pa chala
• Leishmania panamensis phazi
• Leishmania panamensis - kutseka

Aronson NE, Copeland NK, Magill AJ. Mitundu ya Leishmania: visceral (kala-azar), cutaneous, ndi mucosal leishmaniasis. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Mfundo za Bennett ndi Kuchita kwa Matenda Opatsirana, Kusinthidwa. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: chap 275.

Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN. Ma protistans amwazi ndi minofu I: ma hemoflagellates. Mu: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, olemba. Parasitology Yaumunthu. 5th ed. London, UK: Elsevier Academic Press; 2019: mutu 6.