Cholera: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zomwe zimayambitsa kolera
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Zizindikiro zakusintha ndikuipiraipira
• Momwe mungapewere kugwira

Cholera ndimatenda opatsirana omwe amatha kupezeka mwa kumwa madzi ndi chakudya chodetsedwa ndi mabakiteriyaVibrio cholerae. Matenda amtunduwu ndiofala kwambiri ndipo amapangitsa kufalikira mosavuta m'malo omwe mulibe madzi ampopi kapena malo opanda ukhondo, komwe kulibe kusonkhanitsa zinyalala kapena zimbudzi zotseguka, mwachitsanzo.

Ngakhale sizimayambitsa matendawa nthawi zonse, anthu ena omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kudwala kwambiri, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya omwe amamwa komanso thanzi la munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, zomwe zitha kudziwonekera kuchokera kutsekula m'mimba pang'ono mpaka kutsekula m'mimba koopsa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Nthawi zina, kolera imatha kukhala yopanda chizindikiro kapena imatha masiku awiri kapena asanu mutakumana ndi madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa kuti zizindikilo zoyambirira ziwonekere, zazikulu ndizo:

• Kutsekula m'mimba kwambiri, koposa kamodzi pa ola, zomwe zimadza chifukwa chakuti poizoni wa mabakiteriya amachititsa kuti maselo omwe amadzaza m'matumbo atulutse madzi ambiri;
• Malo amadzimadzi yoyera, yofanana ndi mkaka kapena madzi ampunga;
• Nseru ndi kusanza okhazikika;
• Kupanda kupanga mkodzo;
• Kutopa ndi kufooka mopitirira muyeso;
• Kutaya madzi m'thupi, ndi ludzu lokwanira, pakamwa pouma ndi khungu;
• Kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kutsitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Ndikofunikira kuti kolera izindikiridwe ndikuchiritsidwa mwachangu kuti muchepetse zovuta, monga kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, aimpso necrosis, hypoglycemia ndi mantha a hypovolemic, omwe amatha kupha munthu osakwana maola 24, mwachitsanzo.

Mabakiteriya amakhalabe ndowe kwa masiku 7 mpaka 14, ndipo amatha kukhala njira yopatsira anthu ena, makamaka mukamasamba m'manja mukapita kubafa, mwachitsanzo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupitiriza chithandizo chamankhwala molangizidwa ndi adotolo ngakhale zizindikirozo sizikupezekanso.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kolera

Munthuyo akhoza kukhala wowonongeka chifukwa chomwa madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya, chifukwa amachotsedwa pakusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba, ndipo amatha kufalikira mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ndizofala kuti kachilomboka kamafalitsidwe pakati pa anthu omwe amakhala mdera lomwelo, monga okhala m'nyumba imodzi kapena anthu omwe amaphunzira kusukulu komweko komanso kuntchito kwawo, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa nsomba zam'madzi zoyipa ndi nkhanu kapena madzi am'nyanja amathanso kuyambitsa matendawa, chifukwa mabakiteriya ndi gawo lamadzi. Mitsinje, madamu ndi mayiwe owonongeka amatha kuyambitsa miliri kumadera ena motero, ndikofunikira kumwa madzi osefa kapena owiritsa.

Popeza mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mchimbudzi amachulukana mosavuta pakati pa 5 ndi 40ºC, komanso amalimbana ndi kuzizira, miliri ya kolera ndiyofala m'malo okhala anthu, osakhala aukhondo komanso osowa ukhondo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Palibe chifukwa chilichonse chothandizira kolera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge madzi kapena seramu kuti tipewe kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Seramu yobwezeretsanso pakamwa, yogulidwa m'masitolo, kapena seramu yokometsera, imasangalatsanso kupewa ndi kuchiza kutaya madzi m'thupi, m'malo mwa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi mchere womwe watayika m'mimba ndi kusanza.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba ndi kusanza sikuvomerezeka, chifukwa kumatha kuletsa poizoni wopangidwa ndi tizilombo kuti asathe. Komabe, ngati zizindikilo zitha kukhala zosasangalatsa munthuyo, adokotala atha kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira kunyanja, kupweteka ndikubwezeretsanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matumbo.

Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, pamene kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumayambitsa zizindikilo monga chizungulire kapena kutopa kwambiri, kungakhale kofunikira kukhala mchipatala kuti mupange seramu mwachindunji mumthambo ndikuwunika zizindikilo zofunika. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale maantibayotiki safunika kuthana ndi kolera, adotolo amalimbikitsanso pamavuto owopsa, makamaka ngati m'mimba mwazi mukuwonetsedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito Sulfametoxazol-Trimethoprim, Doxycycline kapena Azithromycin pofuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa bakiteriya.

Zizindikiro zakusintha ndikuipiraipira

Zizindikiro zazikulu zakusintha kwa kolera ndikuchepetsa kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba, kuwonjezera pa utoto wabwino ndikuchepetsa kufooka. Zizindikiro zakukulirakulira ndi pallor, kuchepa thupi, maso otayika, pakamwa pouma, khungu louma, kuphatikiza pakumenya kwa mtima, kukokana ndi kugwidwa. Ngati zizindikirozi zilipo, munthu wololedwa kuchipatala ayenera kumusunga kuti alandire chithandizo choyenera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kolera ikafika pachimake imatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi m'maola ochepa ndipo vutoli limatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa impso, kusintha kwa matumbo, kuthamanga kwamtima, kuthamanga magazi komanso kugwa kwamtima.

Momwe mungapewere kugwira

O Vibrio cholerae, Omwe amatenga matendawa, Silingathe kupirira kutentha kwapamwamba kuposa 80ºC, kotero kuti muchepetse kolera tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa madzi osefedwa, wiritsani madzi apampopi musanamwe, komanso kudya zakudya zotentha, kupewa zakudya zosaphika monga masaladi kapena sushi.

Mukamakonza chakudya, ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja ndikumvetsera chakudya, makamaka zipatso zomwe zili ndi khungu lopyapyala, lomwe liyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi ndi klorini pang'ono kuti apatsidwe mankhwala. Kuphatikiza pa kusamba m'manja musanaphike chakudya, tikulimbikitsidwa kusamba m'manja ndi sopo nthawi iliyonse mukamagwiritsa ntchito bafa komanso nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Mwanjira imeneyi ndizotheka kupewa kufalitsa kwa mabakiteriya.

Njira zopewera izi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kumadera opanda ukhondo, okhala ndi anthu ochulukirapo kapena omwe akhudzidwa ndi tsoka lachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zodzitetezera, njira ina yopewera kolera ndi kudzera mu katemera, omwe amapezeka m'maiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kolera komanso apaulendo kapena ogwira ntchito omwe apita kumadera ovuta. Dziwani zonse za katemera wa kolera.