Zomwe Zimasokoneza Mowa Zimakukhudzani (ndi Matenda Ako)

Zamkati

• Kodi obadwa ndi chiyani?
• Udindo mu matsire
• Tchati chazowa zakumwa zoledzeretsa
• Malangizo oti mupewe kuthawa
• Mfundo yofunika

Mukamamwa mowa kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mungakhale ndi mowa wambiri wa ethyl. Komanso zina ndi zomwe ofufuza amatcha ma congeners. Ochita kafukufuku amaganiza kuti mankhwalawa atha kukhala ndi chochita ndi chifukwa chomwe mumasangalalira.

Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mupeze ma congener komanso chifukwa chomwe madokotala amaganizira kuti atha kubweretsa zibakera.

Kodi obadwa ndi chiyani?

Wopanga mizimu amapanga ma congeners panthawi yamadzimadzi kapena distillation.

Munthawi imeneyi, wopanga mizimu amasintha shuga kukhala mowa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yisiti. Yisiti amasintha ma amino acid mwachilengedwe mumtsuko wa ethyl mowa, womwe umadziwikanso kuti ethanol.

Koma ethanol siokhayo yomwe imatulutsa mphamvu ya nayonso mphamvu. Otsitsimutsa alipo, nawonso.

Kuchuluka kwa ma congener omwe opanga amapanga amatha kudalira shuga woyambirira, kapena ma carbohydrate, magwero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mowa. Zitsanzo zake ndi monga chimanga cha mowa kapena mphesa za vinyo.

Ofufuza pakadali pano akuganiza kuti ma congener amatha kupatsa zakumwa zakumwa ndi zakumwa zina. Opanga ena amayesanso kuchuluka kwa obadwa nawo kuti awonetsetse kuti malonda awo ali ndi mawonekedwe osasintha.

Zitsanzo zazomwe zimapangidwira momwe distillation imapangira ndi izi:

• zidulo
• mowa, monga isobutylene mowa, womwe umanunkhira bwino
• aldehydes, monga acetaldehyde, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi fungo la zipatso zomwe zimapezeka mumbali
• esters
• ketoni

Kuchuluka kwa obadwa nawo mumowa kumatha kusiyanasiyana. Monga mwalamulo, mzimu womwe umasungunuka kwambiri umakhala wotsika, ma congener.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ena atha kupeza kuti zakumwa "m'mashelefu apamwamba" zomwe zasungunuka kwambiri sizimawapatsa matsire ochuluka ngati njira yotsika mtengo.

Udindo mu matsire

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zokhazokha zitha kutenga nawo mbali popewa matsire, koma mwina sindiwo chinthu chokhacho.

Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe inalembedwa m'magazini yotchedwa Alcohol and Alcoholism, kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zimakhala zozizilitsa nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto lovutikira kuposa kumwa mowa pang'ono.

Madokotala alibe mayankho onse pankhani yokhudza kubisala, kuphatikizapo chifukwa chake amapezeka mwa anthu ena osati ena. Alibe mayankho onse azobadwa ndi kumwa mowa, mwina.

Imodzi mwa malingaliro amakono okhudzana ndi mowa komanso obadwa nawo okhudzana ndi matsire ndikuti thupi liyenera kuwononga oyambitsa, malinga ndi nkhani ya 2013.

Nthawi zina kugwetsa ma congener kumalimbana ndi kuphwanya ethanol mthupi. Zotsatira zake, mowa ndi zomwe zimatulutsa zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto losokonezeka.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma congener amatha kupangitsa thupi kutulutsa mahomoni opsinjika, monga norepinephrine ndi epinephrine. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa zotupa mthupi zomwe zimayambitsa kutopa ndi zizindikiritso zina zachilendo.

Tchati chazowa zakumwa zoledzeretsa

Asayansi apeza mitundu yambiri yazakumwa zoledzeretsa. Sanagwirizanitse chimodzi chimodzi ndi kuyambitsa matsire, kungoti kupezeka kwawo kumatha kukulira chimodzi.

Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe ili munyuzipepala ya Alcohol and Alcoholism, izi ndi zakumwa zomwe zimayambira kuyambira azambiri mpaka azibadwa:

Asayansi ayesanso kumwa mowa kuchuluka kwa obadwa nawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013 nkhani ya brandy ili ndi mamiligalamu 4,766 pa lita imodzi ya methanol, pomwe mowa uli ndi mamiligalamu 27 pa lita. Ramu imakhala ndi mamiligalamu 3,633 pa lita imodzi ya congener 1-propanol, pomwe vodka ili paliponse mpaka mamiligalamu 102 pa lita imodzi.

Izi zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti vodka ndi chakumwa chotsika kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2010, vodka ndi chakumwa chomwe chimakhala ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi zakumwa zilizonse. Kusakaniza ndi madzi a lalanje kumathandizanso kuthana ndi ma congener ena omwe alipo.

Kafukufuku wina wa 2010 adafunsa ophunzira kuti adye bourbon, vodka, kapena placebo ofanana. Ophunzirawo adafunsidwa mafunso okhudzana ndi matsire awo, ngati atanena kuti ali ndi matsire.

Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti omwe adatenga nawo gawo anali ndi vuto lalikulu atatha kudya bourbon, yomwe imakhala ndi zotulutsa zochulukirapo, poyerekeza ndi vodka. Adatsimikiza kuti kupezeka kwakubadwa kwa ziphuphu kunapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu.

Malangizo oti mupewe kuthawa

Ngakhale ofufuza adalumikiza kupezeka kwakanthawi kwa azibadwa okhala ndi vuto la matsire, anthu amakhalabe otsekemera akamamwa mowa wambiri wamtundu uliwonse.

Ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti muchepetse vuto la matsire, mutha kuyesa zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi kuti muwone ngati mukumva bwino tsiku lotsatira.

Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe idachitika mu 2013, anthu omwe amadzipangira okha mowa kunyumba, monga mowa womwe umamwetsedwa kunyumba, samatha kuwongolera momwe amawotchera.

Zotsatira zake, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zopangidwa kunyumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsekemera zambiri, nthawi zina zochulukirapo kakhumi kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Mungafune kudumpha izi ngati mukuyesetsa kupewa matsire.

Ofufuza pakadali pano akukhulupirira kuti chiwombankhanga ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• kuchuluka kwa zomwe munthu amamwa
• nthawi yogona
• khalidwe la kugona

Kumwa mowa kumathandizanso kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zosasangalatsa, kuphatikiza nseru, kufooka, ndi pakamwa pouma.

Kuphatikiza pa kupeŵa zakumwa zolemera zobiriwira, nazi maupangiri ena oti mupewe kutsekeka:

• Osamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi, choncho thupi limakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yoliwononga.
• Imwani madzi pamodzi ndi mowa womwe mumamwa. Kusinthanitsa zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi kapu yamadzi kungathandize kupewa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti mumveke bwino.
• Muzigona mokwanira usiku mukatha kumwa. Kugona mokwanira kungakuthandizeni kumva bwino.
• Tengani mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ngati ibuprofen yochepetsa kupweteka kwa thupi ndikumva kupweteka mutu mukamwa.

Inde, nthawi zonse pamakhala upangiri woti muzimwa pang'ono. Kumwa pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumatsimikizira kuti mudzakhala ndi vuto lochepa (osatinso).

Mfundo yofunika

Ochita kafukufuku adalumikiza zakubadwa ndi matsire oyipa kwambiri. Malingaliro amakono ndikuti obadwa nawo amakhudza kuthekera kwa thupi kuwononga ethanol mwachangu ndikuyambitsa mayankho amthupi.

Nthawi yotsatira mukamamwa usiku, mutha kuyesa kumwa mowa wotsika kwambiri ndikuwona ngati mukumva bwino kuposa m'mawa.

Ngati mukupeza kuti mukufuna kusiya kumwa koma simungathe, itanani a National Helpline ku Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ku 800-662-HELP (4357).

Ntchito ya 24/7 itha kukuthandizani kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe mungasiyire ndi zina m'dera lanu zomwe zingakuthandizeni.