Chingachitike ndi chiyani mukamwa madzi owonongeka

Zamkati

• Matenda akulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha madzi owonongeka
• 1. Chiwindi A
• 2. Giardiasis
• 3. Amoebiasis kapena Amoebic Dysentery
• 4. Leptospirosis
• 5. Kolera
• 6. Ascariasis kapena nyongolotsi
• 7. Matenda Achilengedwe
• Momwe mungapewere matenda
• Momwe mungadziwire ngati madziwo ndi owopsa
• Zoyenera kuchita mafuta akapitsa madzi
• Momwe mungatsukitsire madzi akumwa

Kumwa madzi osatetezedwa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti madzi osaphika, kumatha kubweretsa zizindikilo ndi matenda ena, monga leptospirosis, kolera, hepatitis A ndi giardiasis, mwachitsanzo, kukhala pafupipafupi mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 1 ndi 6, amayi apakati ndi okalamba, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chitha kuonedwa ngati vuto lalikulu lathanzi.

Matendawa amachitika chifukwa tizilombo tina timatha kupezeka mosavuta m'madzi ndipo, ngakhale zili zosavuta kuchita mumitsinje ndi nyanja zodetsedwa, madzi ochokera kumagwero amchere amathanso kuipitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya, tiziromboti kapena virus. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amachitika pamene madzi samayeretsa komanso kuyeretsa komwe kumachotsa tizilombo tomwe timaipitsa madzi, makamaka omwe amayambitsa matenda.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti munthuyo asamalire madzi omwe amamwa ndikumwa komanso kuyeretsa ndikukonzekera chakudya ndipo, ngati akukayika ngati madziwo ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, munthu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la sodium hypochlorite, mwachitsanzo.

Matenda akulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha madzi owonongeka

Ngakhale ndizosiyanasiyana, matenda ena akulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha madzi oyimirira kapena zimbudzi zosasamalidwa ndi monga:

1. Chiwindi A

Hepatitis A ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka banjaPicornavirus ndipo amatha kufalitsa kudzera kukumana ndi madzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Matendawa ndi opatsirana kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi kutupa kwa chiwindi ndipo, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amakhala ofatsa, nthawi zina amatha kusintha kwambiri ndikupha ngati atapanda kuchiritsidwa.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu: Zizindikiro za Hepatitis A zimakonda kuwonekera patatha milungu inayi kuchokera pamene kachiromboka katapitsidwa, zomwe zimawonetsa kuti Hepatitis A ndi mkodzo wamdima, chopondapo, chikasu pakhungu ndi ntchofu, malungo, kuzizira, kufooka, nseru, kusowa kwa njala komanso kutopa.

Kodi chithandizo:Chithandizo cha Hepatitis A cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa zizindikilo za matendawa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha ululu ndi odana ndi zotupa kumatha kuwonetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amayenera kupangira kupumula ndikumwa madzi ambiri. Phunzirani zoyenera kuchita kuti muchiritse msanga matenda a chiwindi a A.

2. Giardiasis

Giardiasis ndi matenda am'mimba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti Giardia lamblia yemwe kufala kwake kumachitika chifukwa chodya chakudya kapena madzi owonongeka ndi ndowe zokhala ndi zotupa za tiziromboti, pokhala matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kupatsirana pakati pa anthu.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu za giardiasis ndi kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, malungo, nseru, kufooka ndi kuwonda.

Kodi chithandizo:Mankhwalawa amachitika ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi tiziromboti, monga Metronidazole kapena Tinidazole, akuwonetsedwa ndi dokotala. Ndikulimbikitsanso kumwa zamadzimadzi tsiku lonse, ndipo ngati mukusowa madzi m'thupi chifukwa cham'mimba, kutulutsa madzi m'mitsempha kungafune.

3. Amoebiasis kapena Amoebic Dysentery

Amoebiasis kapena amoebic kamwazi ndi matenda omwe amayamba ndi protozoanEntamoeba histolytica, yomwe imakhazikika m'matumbo ndipo imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa michere yofunikira mthupi. Imafalikira kudzera mukugwiritsa ntchito chakudya kapena madzi omwe adayipitsidwa ndi ndowe zomwe zimakhala ndi amoebic cysts okhwima. Dziwani zambiri za matendawa mu Amebiasis.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu: Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zazikulu za amoebiasis ndizopweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, malungo ndi kuzizira, kuwonjezera pamipando yamagazi kapena ntchofu nthawi zina. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, matendawa amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owopsa, momwe ziwalo zina monga chiwindi, njira yopumira komanso ngakhale ubongo zimadwala.

Kodi chithandizo: Mwambiri, mankhwala a antiparasitic monga Secnidazole, Metronidazole kapena Tinidazole amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi amebiasis, komabe nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kumayendetsedwa ndi dokotala molingana ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa.

4. Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya omwe amapezeka mumkodzo wa makoswe am'madzi, kapena nyama zina zomwe zili ndi kachilombo monga agalu ndi amphaka, zomwe zimalowa mthupi polumikizana ndi ndowe za nyama izi kapena madzi owonongeka ndi khungu lovulala kapena zotupa, monga maso, mphuno.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu za leptospirosis ndi kutentha thupi kwambiri, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa thupi, kusowa kwa njala, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kuzizira.

Kodi chithandizo: Chithandizo cha leptospirosis chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi adotolo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki polimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi ma analgesics kuti athetse ululu ndi malungo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa. Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe zili komanso momwe mungapewere leptospirosis.

5. Kolera

Cholera ndimatenda am'mimba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriyaVibrio choleraezomwe zitha kuipitsa madzi ndi chakudya. Kupanga kwa poizoni ndi bakiteriya kumayambitsa kuwonekera kwa zizindikilo, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti kudziwika kwa bakiteriya kumachitika mwachangu kuti tipewe zovuta, monga kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu: Zizindikiro za kolera zimawoneka pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena asanu kuchokera kubakiteriya ndipo pamakhala matenda otsekula m'mimba kwambiri ndi kusanza, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.

Kodi chithandizo:Chithandizo cha kolera ndicholinga chachikulu chopewa kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi, ndichifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa madzi m'kamwa ndipo, zikavuta kwambiri, m'mitsempha, komanso kuchipatala ndi chithandizo cha maantibayotiki kungakhale kofunikira.

Onani zambiri za kolera.

6. Ascariasis kapena nyongolotsi

Ascariasis ndi verminosis yoyambitsidwa ndi tizirombotiAscaris lumbricoides, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nyongolotsi, yomwe imakhala, imakula ndikuchulukitsa m'matumbo. Matendawa amafala ndikamamwa madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa ndi mazira a tiziromboto.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu za ascariasis ndizopweteka m'mimba, nseru, kuvuta pothawa komanso kusowa chilakolako.

Kodi chithandizo: Mankhwalawa amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa antiparasitic omwe adanenedwa ndi dokotala, monga Albendazole, omwe ayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala.

7. Matenda Achilengedwe

Typhoid Fever ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriyaSalmonella typhi, ndipo kufala kwake kumachitika chifukwa chakumwa madzi ndi chakudya chodetsedwa ndi tiziromboti.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu: Kutentha thupi, kusanza, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka mutu, kusowa njala, kuwonda kapena mawanga ofiira pakhungu kungakhale chizindikiro cha malungo a typhoid. Mvetsetsani tanthauzo la typhoid fever ndi momwe mungadziwire zisonyezo.

Kodi chithandizo: Mankhwalawa amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, malinga ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala, kupuma ndi kutenthetsa madzi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakachira. Ichi ndi matenda omwe amatha kupewedwa ndi katemera wa typhoid.

Momwe mungapewere matenda

Pofuna kuteteza ndikutchinjiriza matendawa, kulumikizana ndi zimbudzi, madzi owonongeka kapena osatetezedwa, kusefukira kwamadzi, matope kapena mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi oyimirira kuyenera kupewedwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma dziwe a chlorine osathandizidwa kumaletsedwanso.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli otetezeka, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muziwiritsa madzi musanagwiritse ntchito, mwina kutsuka kapena kukonza chakudya kapena kumwa, ngati simasefa. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kusankhanso kugwiritsa ntchito sodium hypochlorite kupha mankhwala ndi kuyeretsa madzi.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati madziwo ndi owopsa

Titha kuganiza kuti madziwo ndi owonongeka, chifukwa chake sioyenera kumwa, ngati ali ndi zina monga:

• Zikuwoneka zauve, mitambo kapena matope;
• Ili ndi fungo lina;
• Pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonyansa tomwe timayimitsidwa m'madzi;
• Silowonekera bwino, kukhala ndi chikasu, lalanje kapena bulauni.

Kuphatikiza apo, madzi amathanso kuwoneka ngati oyera komanso akadali ndi kuipitsidwa, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse kumakhala bwino kusankha madzi osasankhidwa kapena madzi amchere am'mabotolo, omwe adayesedwa bwino.

Zoyenera kuchita mafuta akapitsa madzi

Mukakhudzana ndi mafuta kapena madzi omwe ali ndi vutoli, ndikofunikira kusamba deralo bwino ndi sopo komanso kudziwa mawonekedwe a kusintha kwa kupuma kapena khungu komwe kungakhale kokhudzana ndi izi, ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala ngati zizindikiro zayamba. Malinga ndi zizindikilo zomwe munthuyo wapereka, dokotala akhoza kulangiza kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids ndi hydration.

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri matenda opatsirana ndi madzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amakhala okhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndizotheka kukhala ndi zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo za matenda mukakhudzana ndi mafuta omwe atha kupezeka m'madzi, izi zikuwoneka chifukwa momwe khungu limayankhira ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka pachinthucho kapena chifukwa cha kutulutsa mpweya wa mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kuthandizira kukulitsa matenda owopsa, monga khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda amitsempha.

Munthu akakhala ndi mafuta kwa nthawi yayitali, osatetezedwa, ndizotheka kuti zizindikilo zina zimawoneka, monga maso oyaka, kuyabwa ndi zilonda zofiira kapena mawanga pakhungu, mutu, nseru, kusanza ndi kusintha kwa kupuma, monga kupuma movutikira, mwachitsanzo.

Chifukwa chake, popewa kuzindikirika komanso pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanu zodzitetezera musanakumane ndi mafuta, monga chigoba chotayika, magalasi, magolovesi ndi nsapato kapena ma galasi. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala zovala zopanda madzi zomwe zimakwirira miyendo ndi mikono.

Momwe mungatsukitsire madzi akumwa

Kupanga madzi owonongeka kukhala abwino kumwa, yankho lotchedwa sodium hypochlorite liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limagulidwa m'masitolo ndi m'masitolo akuluakulu, koma lomwe limaperekedwanso ndi boma. Ingoponya 2 mpaka 4 madontho a sodium hypochlorite pa lita imodzi yamadzi ndikudikirira mphindi 30 kuti mutha kumwa madzi awa. Onani zambiri za sodium hypochlorite.

Kuwiritsa madzi kwa mphindi imodzi kumathandizanso kuyeretsa madzi, koma sikungathetse vutoli motero sikukulekerera kugwiritsa ntchito hypochlorite. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kuipitsidwa ndi mercury, madzi sayenera kuphikidwa chifukwa mercury imatha kupita mlengalenga, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa.

Njira izi zikuwonetsedwa makamaka kuti zitsuke madzi omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabakiteriya ndi ndowe, zomwe zimatha kuchitika m'madzi a zitsime, zitsime zaluso, zitsime zazing'ono komanso mukawonongeka ndi madzi amvula. Komabe, ngati madzi akusefukira, njira yabwino kwambiri siyogwiritsa ntchito madzi akuda ndi matope chifukwa matope ndi ovuta kuwachotsa.

Madzi oipitsidwa ndi matope, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu njira yotchedwa kuchotsa, komwe kumachitika m'makampani opanga madzi m'mizinda. Coagulant yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa sludge m'madzi ndi polima wakuda wakuda, mankhwala omwe sawononga thanzi. Izi zimatha kusiyanitsa madzi ndi matope, koma zitatha izi, madziwo amafunikirabe kusamalidwa bwino.

Onani njira zonse zopangira kuyeretsa madzi kunyumba.